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论文
1)
先
后
次
序
关
系
:
at
this
time;
first;
second;
at
last;
next
;
previously;
simultaneously
同时地
; eventually
;
last but not least
;
to begin with
;
to start with
;
to
end
with
;
finally
;
seeing...
由于,因为;
since
then
;
first
of
all
;
afterwards
后来
; following this; preceding
先前的
;originally
最初的< br>ultimate
最终的,极限
的,根本的
2)
因果关系:
because
;
because of this
;
being that
(口语)
既然,
因为;
another
important factor
/
reason of...
;
since
;
as
;
for
;
in that...
;
owing to
由于,
通常负面;
due to
由于;
for the reason that...
;
in
view
of
鉴于,考虑到
result
from
归因于
the
reason
seems
to
be
obvious; there are about...
;
for this reason; as a result of this
;
therefore
;
...and
so...
;
consequently
所以,因此;
as a result
;
thus
这样,如此,因而;
hence
因此;
so
;
so that...
;
in consequence
结果,
结果;
as a consequence
;
accordingly
因此,于是,相应地
; inevitably
不可避免地
; under these
conditions thereupon
因此于是
upon
迫近
3)
转折关系:
but
;
even so
;
however
;
though
;
even though
;
independent of
;
reckless of
不顾
;
despite that
;
in spite of that
;
regardless of
不顾
; yet...
;
and
yet
;
but unless. Nonetheless
尽管如此
4)
并列关系:
and; also
;
too
;
as well as
;
either ...
,
or...
;
both...and...
5)
(
补充
)
递进关系:
furthermo re
此外,而且;
moreover
而且,此外;
further
进 一步地,
此外;
In this way
;
still
;
not only...but also...
;
not...but...
;
in addition
(to)
;
additionally,
much
more
interesting,
more
specifically
更具体地说
,
next,
besides
;
as far as... is concerned
至于
; moreover
此外;
in other words
;
along
this
line
of
consideration
;
on
(the)
one
hand...
在一方面,
on
the
other
hand...
;
even
;
as a
saying goes...
;
in order to do it...; meanwhile
同时;
at the
same time
;
accordingly
因此;
In the first place...
,
in the second place...;equally
important;
of even greater appeal.
6)
比较关系:
similarly; in like manner, in comparison with
;
when compared
with
;
compared with
;
when in fact...; like...
;
likewise
同样地,也;
similarly
important
;
apart from (doing)...
;
... rather than...
,
by doing so
;
both
…
and...;
in the same way; not only...but (also).
7)
对照
(
不同点
)
:
yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding
虽然,
尽管
; rather
当
然,
的确,
宁愿,
相当
; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something
is just the other way around
;
yet; conversely
相反的;
unlike
;
opposed to; as
opposed to this
与不同
;
in contrast (to)
;
by way of
;
on the contrary
;
different
from this
;
nevertheless
然而,不过,虽然如此
; contrary to
;
whereas
但是,
鉴于;
while
;
but on the other hand
8)
举例关系
:for example
;
for instance
例如;
in this case
既然假若这样
; namely
也就是
instance
例子实例
换句话说;
as you know
;
you may as
/
say
;
as he explains
;
like
;
such as
;
a
case
in
point
is
一个恰当的例子是
...;
consider...
;
in
particular
尤其特别;
including...
;
for one thing...
首先,
for another...
;
put it simply
;
stated roughly
粗糙地,概略地;
as an illustration
,
I will say...
;
a good example (of...)would
be...
;
to detail this
,
I would like to...
;
It is interesting to note that...
;
in this
situation;
as
proof;
take
the
case
of;
take
as
example
(something)
;
as
for;
as
regards
;
as to
;
according to; on this occasion.
9)
强调关系:
in
fact;
especially
;
p articularly
特别,尤其;
moreover(
此外
)
;
naturally;
what
is
more
important
;
in
reality
事实上;
certainly;
of
course;
indeed; in particular
;
not to mention...
;
believe it or not
;
undeniably(
无可置疑
);
other thing being equal
;
it is certain
/
sure that...
;
to be strict; to be true
;
by
definition; definitely
明确地,肯定地
; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in
any
event(
不论怎样
);
without
reservation(
毫无保留地
);
obviously,
not
only..
but(also...), both... and...
10)
条件关系
: if
;
unless; lest
;
provided that
;
if it is the case
;
in this sense
;
once...
;
if possible
;
if necessary
;
if so
;
if not all; if anything.
11)
归纳总结类:
in a word / in sum /
in short
in brief / in conclusion / in summary
therefore
因此,所以
/ hence
因此,今后
to sum up / to conclude
the conclusion can be drawn that
for this reason / on the whole
12)
地点关系:
beyond; opposite to; adjacent
邻近
to; at the same place; there;
over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there;
above; below; at the right; between; on this side.
13)
目的关系:
with this object
无证
; for this purpose; in order that; in this way,
since; so that; on that account
由于。
。
。
缘故
; in case
万一
; with a view to
考虑到
;
for the same reason.
14)
重申关系:
in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.
15)
结
果
关
系
:
accordingly;
thus;
consequently(
因
此
);
hence;
therefore;
thereupon;
inevitably;
under
these
conditions;
as
a
result;
as
a
consequence;
because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.
16)
顺序关系:
first;
second;
thirdly;
next;
then;
at
the
outset(
在开始时
)
,
following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward
后来
; after this;
subsequently
后来
;
lastly
最终
;
finally;
consequently
所以,因此
;
before
this;
previously; preceding this; simultaneously
同时地
; concurrently(
同时发生的
)
17)
时间关系:
at once; immediately; at length
终于,最后
; in the mean time
同
时
; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at
once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden
突然
; from this
time
on;
from
time
to
time;
since
then;
when;
whenever;
next
point;
a
few
minutes
later;
formerly;
as;
once;
since;
occasionally
偶然地
;
in
a
moment;
shortly
立刻
; whereupon
于是,因此
; previously
Henceforth
今后
介词
prep. All of
十足
1.
在
...
以前
Only two days remained before the examination.
考前只剩下两天了。
2.(
指顺序、重要性等
)
在
...
之前
,
先于
Your name comes before mine.
你的名字在我之前。
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