放水阀武汉大学博士课程考试英语段落分析复习课程

2021年1月22日发(作者：kisses)




武
汉
大
学
博
士
课
程
考
试
英
语
段
落
分
析

精品文档

Unit 1 para3
Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramatically

affect

people
and
organizations
on a wide scale. Besides its many uses in commerce,
office work, and manufacturing,
it will
also improve health care, provide new ways to
shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally
permeate the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives.
It will
help us
pursue old and new pleasures ,and it will encourage new art forms, which may be
criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done.
It will
also
improve education and training, first in specific and established ways and later
through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizations from tiny
companies to entire national governments will benefit too, because so much of the
work they do is information work.
Topic
:The affection of the Information Marketplace
Perspective
: people--
organization
Aspect(s):
material-spiritual
,
individual-society

Method:
classification
Skill:
examples
Questions:
what how

Unit1 para12
The wise eye will also see that the
information Marketplace
is much more
influential
than its parts
–
the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-
story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, they present a much
greater
power
—
the power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town
in
Alaska
, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form
of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant
daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far
greater than the ability to send an e-mail message, or to have five hundred TV
channels.
Topic
:The influence of information marketplace
Perspective
: power
Aspect(s):
material-spiritual
Method:
hierarchical structure
层次结构（
life-work-
pleasure
）

Skill:
examples
Questions:
what how

Unit8 para1
Countless cultures around the
world
have
disappeared,
along with their mythologies.
In
Mesoamerica,
dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number
of Incan monuments in
Peru,
Celtic cairns in
Wales,
Khmer statues in Cambodia, and
magnificent ziggurat-like structures in central Africa.
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除

精品文档

Topic
: The disappearance of culture
Perspective
: world
Aspect(s):
cult ure
【
material
】

Method: space order

Skill:
examples
Questions:
what how




Unit8 para2
Easter island, celebrated for the giant statues left by its vanished civilization, is unique
in archaeology because of its isolation from its neighbors. current archaeological
evidence indicates that some 1,600 years ago the island's first settlers, explorers from
Polynesian, found themselves in a pristine paradise with subtropical forests, dozens of
wild bird species, and no predators. they multiplied and prospered, distributing
resources in a manner that suggests a sophisticated economy and complex political
system. rival clans erected ever- larger statues platforms, emulating the stone carvings
of their Polynesian forebears, trying to surpass each other with displays of power and
wealth.
Topic
: The civilization of easter island
Perspective
: island/civilization
Aspect(s):
enviroment- society
Method:
progression- classification
Skill:
statement-example
Questions:
wha
t
→
how

Unit8 para4
It is likely that
changes
in the forest occurred over decades and would have been
difficult to
detect
immediately. An
islander
might easily have missed the long-term
trend,
thinking
:
“
This year we cleared those woods over there, but trees are starting
to grow back again over here.
”
Furthermore, any islander who issued a warning
against the oncoming disaster would have
been silenced
by the ruling class. Chiefs,
priests, and stone carvers all depended on the status quo
to retain
their positions and
privileges.
Topic
: The detection of change
Perspective
: islander
Aspect(s):
idea behavior -
Method:
classification progression
Skill:
quotation statement
Questions:
what why

Unit8 para6
Humanity
may not act in time to
prevent
the
decimation
of the rain forests, fossil
fuels, arable land, and fisheries. In only 4
0 years, Ethiopia’s forest cover shrank from
30% to 1%
. During the same time period, the rest of the world lost
half
of its rain
forests. Powerful decision-making groups ignore those who sound an alarm; their
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除

精品文档

political, economic, and religious agendas fail to address the problem of disappearing
natural resources.
Topic
: The prevention of the decimation
Perspective
: humanity
Aspect(s):
decimation
消亡
(material-spiritual ) -
Method:
causal order
因果顺序

Skill:
statistics - statement
Questions:
what how(what how why)




Unit8 para8
If we are going to avoid the fate of the Easter Islanders, we must
change the myths

that are leading us toward extinction an find inspiring visions of a plausible and
appealing future. The old myths have collapsed, but no new ones have emerged to fill
the vacuum. For transformation to occur ,human beings must actively shape the
future , an enterprise that goes to the heart of
mythmaking
. If we are each a cell in
what Peter Russell calls “The Global Brain,” then this is an individual as well a
collective venture.
Topic
: The change of the myths
Perspective
: mythmaking

Aspect(s):
myths
—
idea
：
understanding
Method:
problem-solution order
Skill:
statement-statement
Questions:
what why how(what how )

Unit8 para12
But as the
Grand Narrative of Progress
came to dominate other values and views, it
cast a malignant
shadow.
The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of
progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake.
Fertilizers in creased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes
and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides
—
first greeted with enthusiasm
and a Nobel Prize
—
was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and
animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems,
life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide
repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities
and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were
brought to abotiginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of
alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and spouse and child abuse went up.
topic
:The shadow of GNP
Perspectivs
: science-society

收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除

精品文档

Aspect(s):
shadow (material)
Method:
classification
Skill:
examples
Questions:
what how

Unit8 para25
The third
principle
is to identify real-life situations in which antagonists can find
common ground
. With a recognition of the limitations of linguistic exchange,
postmodernists urge that groups “
press beyond dialogue.
”
For example
,
athletes
and musicians
from all walks of life can generate smooth and effective teams or
musical groups.
Business executives and scientists
from conflicting backgrounds are
often able to work together to generate multinational corporations and cooperative
research undertakings.
topic
:The principle of common ground
Perspectivs
: situation
（
common ground
）

Aspect(s):
press beyond dialogue
Method:
antithesis
对比
(homogeneity-< br>heterogeneity)
同质异质

Skill:
examples
Questions:
what how

收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除