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中考英语专项讲解
+
习题
+
答案:形容词副词的比较级和最高级
一、形容词的比较等级和最高等级:
(一)形容词的比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化:
1
.单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成
情况
一般情况
以
e
结尾的词
构成方式
加
-er
或
-est
加
-r
或
-st
原级
new
long
fine
late
比较级
newer
longer
finer
later
earlier
happier
hotter
thinner
fatter
最高级
newest
longest
finest
latest
earliest
happiest
hottest
thinnest
fattest
以
“
辅音
+y”
结尾的词
变
y
为
i
再加
-er
或
-est
early
happy
重读闭音节的词末尾只有
先双写辅音字母,再加
-er
hot
一个辅音字母
或
-est
thin
fat
2
.
多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加
more
或
most
。如:
原级
比较级
最高级
useful
more useful
most useful
difficult
more difficult
most difficult
delicious
more delicious
most delicious
【重点】
3
.有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化:
原级
good / well
bad / ill
many / much
little
old
far
比较级
better
worse
more
less
older
(新旧或年龄)/elder
(兄
弟姐妹的长幼关系)
最高级
best
worst
most
least
oldest/ eldest
farther
(表示距离,
译为
“
更远
”
)
farthest/ furthest
/ further
(表示程度 ,
译为
“
进一
步的
”
)
(二)
形容词比较级的用法
1
.形容词的比较级可以单独使用:
Be more careful next time.
下次小心点。
Which book is better?
哪本书更好?
2
.也可以和
than
连用,表 示两者相比,
than
后可以跟:
a.
名词或代词:
He is older than me / I .
他年龄比我大。
b.
动名词:
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
c.
从句:
I was a better singer than he was.
我唱歌比他好。
(三)
形容词比较级的修饰语
修饰形容词
,
副词比较级的常用修饰词有
:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, a great deal, far,
by far, rather, any
等
.
1)
只用于修饰比较级的:
much;still;even
2)
既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级的:
a little; a bit; rather
等
。
3)
在这些词中
,
其 中
no
在修饰比较级时
,
在意义上否定两者
,
表示前者在某 方面不比后者强多少
.
He is no richer than Peter.
他不比彼得富裕多少
.=He is as poor as Peter.
他和彼得一样穷
.
表示前者比后者强一点时
,
通常采用
a little,a bit
等
.
The room is a bit larger than that one.
这个房间比那个稍大一点
.
4)
表示前者比后者强很多时
,
通常采用
much,ev en,still
等
.(still
修饰形容词
,
副词的比较级时< br>,
可以位于
比较级之前或之后
.)
He works still harder than ever. =He works harder still than ever.
他比以往更加努力学习了
.
5)
表示前者在某方面远远地超过对方时
,
通常采用
far,by far,a lot,a great deal
等
.
Matters are a lot better than ever before.
情况远远比以往好
.
6)
在否定句
,
疑问句或 条件状语从句中
,
修饰形容词
,
副词的比较级
,
只能用any
来修饰
.
He can't jump any higher.
他不能跳得更高了
.
Can he jump any higher?
他能跳得更高一些吗
?
Do you feel any better today?
你今天感觉好一点了吗?
If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.
如果你能跳得更高些
,
我就奖励你
.
7)
比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:
My sister is ten years younger than me.
我妹妹比我小十岁。
典型例题
:
1
)
---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes
,
I'm fine now.
A. any well
B. any better
C. quite good
D. quite better
答案:
B. any
可修饰比较级,
quite
修饰原 级,
well
的比较级为
better.
2
)
The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A.
more
B.
much more
C.
much
D.
more much
答案:
C.
muc h
可修饰比较级,因此
B
,
C
都说得通,但
easier< br>本身已是比较级,不需
more
,因此
C
为正确答案。
3
)
If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time
B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time
D.
a much happier time
答案:
D
。
4
)
Your house is ______ bigger than ours.
A. Two time
B. Second time
C. Two times
times
答案:
D
。
【难点】
(四)形容词比较级的特殊用法
1
.和
more
有关的词组
:
1)
the more…the more…
越
……
就越
……
。例如:
The harder you work
,
the greater progress you'll make.
越努力,进步越大。
2)
no more than
与
…
一样。例如:
The officials could see no more than the Emperor
.
官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。
3
)
more than
超过,不只是。例如:
There are more than two thousand people in the hall.
2
.和
less
有关的词组
1) less than
不到
…
不太:
It was ready in less than a week.
2) no less than
多达
不少于
No less than 2 million people came.
至少来了
2
百万人。
3) more or less
基本上
大体上
大约
The work is more or less finished.
这项工作基本上完成了。
3
.还有
as +
形容词或副词原级
+ as
1)
A be as...as B
和
...
一样
2)
A
be
not …so/as…as
B
。
A
和
B
不一样,
A
比不上
B
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
他没你跑得快。
3)
当
as… as
中间有名词时采用以下格式:
①
as +
形容词
+ a +
单数名词
/
;
This is as good an example as the other is.
这个例子和另外一个一样好。
②
as + manymuch +
可数名词
/
不可数名词。
I can carry as much paper as you can.
你能搬多少纸,我也能。
3)
表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在
as
的前面。例如:
This room is twice as big as that one.
=This room is two time big as that one.
=This room is two times bigger than that one.
这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
Your room is the same size as mine.
你的房间和我的一样大。
(五)
形容词最高级用法
1
.
the +
最高级
+
比较范围
1
)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词
the
,例如:
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
[
说明
]
形容词
most
前面没有
t he
,不表示最高级的含义,只表示
非常
。例如:
It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.
这是个很重要的问题。
◎
注意
:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错)
Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对)
Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2
)
下列词可修饰最高级,
by far
, far
, much, mostly, almost
。例如:
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
这帽子差不多是最大的了。
◎
注意
:序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如:
Africa is the
second
largest continent.
非洲是第二大洲。
3
)
最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如:
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
或者:
=Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
(六)形容词最高级的特殊用法
1.
形容词最高级可用作表语,这时定冠词
the
可以省略。
例句:
I think her plan is best.
我认为她的计划最好。
2.
形容词最高级还可和
at
构成许多短语作状语,如
at best, at least, at most
等。
例句:
I’ll be with you at latest by ten.
我最迟十点钟就来陪你。
【基础练习】
(
C ) 1 Your room is _______ than mine.
A. three time big
B. three times big
C. three times bigger
D. bigger three times
(
C ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_______.
A. warm and warm
B. colder and colder
C. warmer and warmer
D. shorter and shorter
(
C )3 ______ he read the book, _______ he got in it.
A. The more; the more interesting
B. The less; the more interesting
C. The more; the more interested
D. More; more interested
(
A)4 I like______ one of the two books.
A. the older
B. oldest
C. the oldest
D. older
(
B ) 5 Which do you like _______, tea or coffee?
A. well
B. better
C. best
D. most
(
D ) 6 This work is _______ for me than for you.
A. difficult
B. most difficult
C. much difficult
D. more difficult
(
C ) 7 Who jumped_______of all?
A. far
B. farther
C. farthest
D. the most far
(
D ) 8 Li Lei is_______ student in our class.
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest
(
C ) 9 Tom is one of _______ boys in our class.
A. tallest
B. taller
C. the tallest
B. the tall
(
B ) 10 English is one of_______ spoken in the world.
A. the important languages
B. the most important languages
C. most important language
D. the most important language
( D
)12 I'm not ________ to lift the heavy box.
A. short enough
B. enough tall
C. health enough
D. strong enough
(
C)13 Which is_______, Li Lei or Wu Tong?
A. strong
B. strongest
C. stronger
D. the strongest
(
C )14 Do you have _______ to tell us?
A. something new
B. new something
C. anything new
D. new anything
(
C) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich
B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer
D. rich and rich
二、副词的比较等级和最高等级:
(一)
概念:
副词和 形容词一样,也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化
两种情况。规则 变化的一般规律是:单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加
-er
或
-est;
多音节词以及
-ly
结尾的副词
(
early
除外)
,< br>前面加
more
或
most.
。
不规则的变化式只能采用“
各个击破
”
的办法去记忆。
1
)规则变化
原级
soon
loud
fast
wide
early
happily
carefully
2
)不规则变化
原级
well
badly
little
much
far
比较级
better
worse
less
more
farther
(
距离
)
further
(
程度
)
最高级
best
worst
least
most
farthest
furthest
比较级
sooner
louder
faster
wider
earlier
more happily
more carefully
最高级
soonest
loudest
fastest
widest
earliest
most happily
most carefully
(二)副词的比较级的用法
1
、单独使用:
Try to do better next time.
下次争取干好一点。
He’ll come back sooner or later.
他迟早会回来的。
Please speak more slowly.
请讲慢一点。
2
、和
than
一起使用:
He swims better than I do.
他游泳游得比我好。
Can you do any better than that?
你能不能干的好一些?
He arrived earlier than usual.
他到的比平时早。
3
、比较级前可有状语修饰:
You must work
much
faster
.
你必须大大加快干活的速度。
Can you come over
a bit
more quickly?
你能稍稍快点来吗?
4. as…as
和
not so…as
结构
这两个结构也可结合副词使用:
1
)
as…as
可用在肯定句中,表示
“
像
…
一样
”
,后面的副词要用原级:
She can run as fast as a deer
.
她能跑的像鹿一样快。
2
)在否定句中,
as…as
和< br>so…as
都可以用:
I don’t go there as much as I used.
我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。
I didn’t do as(so) well as I should.
我做的不如我应做的那么好。
3
)这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语:
She can read twice as fast as he does.
她阅读的速度比他快一倍。
(三)副词最高级的用法:副词最高级可修饰动词,前面多数不带定冠词
the:
He laughs best who laughs last. (
谚语
)
谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。
Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst.
我们四人中我唱的最差。
(四)
副 词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法:
副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。
1
)
more and more
越来越
…:
敦怎么读-wait
敦怎么读-wait
敦怎么读-wait
敦怎么读-wait
敦怎么读-wait
敦怎么读-wait
敦怎么读-wait
敦怎么读-wait
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