censor跨文化-名词解释

2021年1月21日发(作者：氢怎么读)

Introduction

1.

Globalization


2.

Macroculture



3.

Melting pot



4.

Microcultures


5.

Intercultural communication



is
considered
as
a
process
of
increasing
involvment in international business operations.
经济学视角中的
全球化
表现为不断增加
的国际商务往来过程。


The
term
macroculture
implies
losing
ethnic
differences and forming one large society.
宏观文化
意味着种族差异的消失和一个
大社会的形成。

means a sociocultural assimilation of people of
different backgrounds and nationlities.


熔炉
:
不同背景和国籍的人们之间的社
会文化的同化。

cultures within cultures
微观文化：
文化中的文化


refers
to
communication
between
people
whose culture perceptions and symbol systems
are distinct enough to alter the communication
event.


跨文化交际
:
指拥有不同文化认知和符< br>号体系的人文之间进行的交际。



is a learned set of shared interpretations about
beliefs,values,and
norms,which
affect
the
behavior of a relatively large group of people.
文化
是习得的一套关于信仰，价值观，
规范的公认的解释，这 些信仰，价值观，
规范对相当大人类群体的行为产生影响。



refers
to
one
’
s
sense
of
belonging
to
a
particular culture or ethnic group.


文化身份
：指有意识地把自己归为某一
特定文化或种族群体。

are
formed
by
groups
of
people
possessing
characteristic
traits
that
set
apart
and
distinguish
them
from
others
within
a
larger
society or dominant culture.


亚文化
:
具有能在更大的 一个社会范围
内或主流文化中使自己有别于他人的特
点的人类群体所形成的文化。


are groups with the dominant culture does not
agree
and
with

which
it
has
communication
problems.


亚群体
:
与主流文化不一致，并与主流文
化有交际障碍的交际群体

1

Chapter 1

6.

Culture


7.

Culture identity


8.

Subculture



9.

Subgroup




10.

Rules



11.


Norms


may

refers to socially agreed on behavior or to
individual guidelines for behavior.


规则
:
社会认同的行为或行为的个体原
则。

are
culturally
ingrained
principles
of
correct
and incorrect behaviors which, if broken carry a
form of overt or covert penalty.
规范
指的是正确和不正确行为根深蒂固
的文化原则，这种不正确的 行为一旦发
生，就意味着一种显性或隐性的处罚。


is
the
socialization
process
you
go
through
to
adapt to your society.


社会文化适应：
人们学习适应自己所在
社会的文化的社会化过程。

refers
to
an
individual
’
s
learning
and
adopting
the norms and values of the new host culture.


文化适应：
人们学习适应新文化的社会
规范和价值观的过程。

refer
to
maintaining
one
’
s
original
culture
and
not participating in the new culture.
分隔和隔离
:在文化适应过程中保留了
原有文化，完全没有接受和习得新文化。

takes
place
when
individuals
become
an
integral
part
of
the
new
culture
while
maintaining
their
cultural
integrity
integration
ensures a continuity of culture.
融合
;
在文化适应中人们成为新文化的
一部分，同时又保 留了自己文化的完整性。


is
the
degree
to
which
an
individual
relinquishes
an
original
culture
for
another .when individuals are assimilated into a
mainstream
culture,they
lose
their
previous
culture.
同 化
人们放弃原有文化，接受新文化的
程度一旦被主流文化同化，人们就失去了原
有的文 化。

refers
to
losing
one
’
s
cultural
identity
and
not
having
any
psychological
contact
with
the
larger society.
边缘化
人们不仅失去自己原有的文化身份，
而且与广大社会失去了心理联系。

refers
to
the
traumatic
experience
that
an
individual
may
encounter
when
entering
a
1

Chapter 2

12.

Enculturation



13.

Acculturation



14.

separation and segregation


15.

Integration



16.

Assimilation



17.

Marginalization or deculturation
,

18.

Culture shock




different culture.
文化震荡
人们在进入一种新文化环境时，遭
遇的痛苦和难忘的经历。

Chapter 3

19.

source


20.

encoding


21.

message



22.

channel


23.

noise

24.

decoing


is
the
person
with
an
idea
he
orshe
desires
to
communicate.
信息源
是具有交际需要和愿望的具体的
人。


is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.
编码
是指将思想转换成代码的行为过
程。

is the resulting object.
信息
是交流的内容，编码的结果。

渠道
是信息传递的手段。

干扰
指任何会曲解信息源所要表达的信
息的事情。

解码

信息接收者在积极参与交流的过
程中对所接收到的符号信息赋予意义的过
程。

反馈
指信息接收者的反应被信息源所了解的
那一部分反应。

情境
交际发生的环境并且有助于解释交际内
容的含义。


a
small
number
of
individuals
who
are
interacting
exclusively
with
one
another
and
who
therefore
have
the
ability
to
adapt
their
messages
specifically
for
those
others
and
to
obtain immediate interpretaions from them
人际交际
指少数人之间的交往他们既能根据
对方调整自己的信息，又能立即从对方那里
获得解释。

is
defined
as
communication
between
and
among members of the same culture .
内文化交际
指同一文化内某 成员之间的交
际，总的来说，同一种族，政治倾向宗教，
或者具有同样兴趣的人们之间的交际。


国家间交际
指国家和政府而非个人之间的交
际，此种交际非常正式和仪式化。

refers to communication between people of the
same
race
,but
different
ethnic
backgrounds .
跨民族交际
指同一种族，不同民族背景的人
们之间的交际。

1

25.

feedback

26.

context

Chapter 4

27.

interpersonal communication
:

28.

intracultural communication


29.

internation communication

30.

interthnic communication



31.

interracial communication

occurs
when
the
sender
and
the
receiver
exchanging
messages
are
from
different
races
that pertain to different physical characteristics.
跨种族交际
指信息源和信息来自不同的种
族，种族具有不同的身体特征。

refers
to
the
exchange
of
messages
between
members
of
the
dominant
culture
within
a
country.
跨地区交际
指一个国家内主流文化成员之间
的信息交换过程。


is the belief that we hold explaining the cosmos
God,the nature of humanityand nature.
世界观
指我们持有的对宇宙，神，人本质及
自然的最根本的看法。

refers
to
belief
in
and
reverence
for
a
supernatural
power
or
powers
regarded
as
creator and governor of the universe.

宗教
对超自然力量宇宙创造者和控制者权力
的相信与崇敬。


32.

interregional communication
:
Chapter 5

33.

worldview
:
34.

religion

35.

个人主义
individualism
:
个人利益胜于集
体利益，
集体主义< br>collectivism
：个人融
入集体。

36.

uncertainty avoidance


deals with a society
’
s tolerance for uncertainty
and
ambiguity
;it
ultimately
refers
to
man
’
s
search for truth.
对不确定因素的回避态度：
是关于一个社会
对不确定性和模棱两可的容 忍程度。

权利距离
组织或机构里边，没有权力的成员
对于权力不均等分配接 受和期望的程度。


is
the
neurological
process
by
which
people
become aware of their environmnent .
感觉
人们意识到周围环境的神经过程。

低语境
交际过程中所产生的 信息量的大部分
由显性的语码负载，只有少量的信息蕴含在
隐性的环境和情景中。
< br>高语境
在人们交际时，有较多的信息量蕴含
在社会文化环境和情景中，明显的语码负载< br>较少的信息量。


焦虑
occurs because
of
not knowing
what
one
is expected to do, and focusing on that feeling
and not be totally present in the communication
1
37.

power distance
：

Chapter 6

38.

sensation
：

39.

low context
：

40.

high versus
：

Chapter 7

41.

Anxiety