jana-pass是什么意思
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
2009
年
6
月英语四级考试真题
（
A
卷）
PPart I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting
their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:
1.
越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？
2.
也会带来一些问题
3.
你的看法？
Free admission to museums
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions:
In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions
on
Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and
D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How Do Y
ou See Diversity?
As
a
manager,
Tiffany
is
responsible
for
interviewing
applicants
for
some
of
the
positions
with
her
company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled
and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.
He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in
the eye said
“
untrustworthy,
”
so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.
“
It wasn
’
t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect
person
,”
Tiffany
confesses.
What
she
hadn
’
t
known
at
the
time
of
the
interview
was
that
the
candidate
’
s
“
different
”
behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian- American raised in a household
where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(
避开
) your eyes.
“
I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,
”
Tiffany says.
“
I missed
out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.
”
Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes
smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to
reexamine some of our false assumptions .
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
Hire Advantage
At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid
biases(
偏爱
) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and
individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such
training can make .
“
During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited
people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to
build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool
that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.
”
Blinded by Gender
Dale
is
an
account
executive
who
attended
one
of
my
workshops
on
supervising
a
diverse
workforce .
“
Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,
”
he recalls .
“
I learned I had not been looking at a
person as a whole person , and being open to differences .
”
In his case , the blindness was not about culture but
rather gender .
“
I had a management position open in my department and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I
not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the
position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates
were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home
with her children and not travel .
”
Dale
’
s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect
thinking that limits an organization
’
s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce .
“
I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the
full
range
of
duties,
responsibilities
and
expectations
to
all
candidates
and
allow
them
to
make
an
informed
decision .
”
Dale credits the workshop ,
“
because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .
”
Y
ear of the Know-It-All
Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his
own employee.
“
One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to
take time off to celebrate Chinese New Y
ear . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of
January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early
with the proper dates .
“
He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Y
ear did not begin January
first , and that Chinese New Y
ear ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the
Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up . But I learned
a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture .
“
Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions
and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,
”
Doug admits .
“
The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more
‘
inclusive
’
to
differences.
”
A better Bottom Line
An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales .
”
Most of my
customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a
language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn
’
t until my boss received Mindsets
’
training that
she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base
has increased .
”
Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can move positively toward
inclusiveness
for
everyone .
Diversity
is
about
coming
together
and
taking
advantage
of
our
differences
and
similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce
our shared humanity .
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past ,
from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are
flawed
(
有缺陷
的
) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selves to think differently , shift our mindsets and
realize that diversity opens doors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit
everyone .
1.
What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?
A)
He just wouldn
’
t look her in the eye.
B)
He was slow in answering her questions.
C)
His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.
D)
His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant .
2. Tiffany
’
s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from
.
A) Racial stereotypes.
C) Racial stereotypes.
B) Invalid personal bias
.
D) Emphasis on physical appearance
3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author?
A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.
B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.
C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.
D) Expanding domestic and international markets.
4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?
A) A real estate agency
.
C) A cultural exchange organization.
B) A personnel training company.
D) A hi-tech company
5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that
.
A) He had hired the wrong person.
B) He could have done more for his company.
C) He had not managed his workforce well.
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
D) He must get rid of his gender bias.
6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC
’
s workshop?
A) It was well- intentioned but poorly conducted.
B) It tapped into the executives
’
full potential.
C) It helped him make fair decisions.
D) It met participants
’
diverse needs.
7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee
’
s request for leave?
A)
He told him to get the dates right.
C)He flatly turned it down
B)
He demanded an explanation.
D)He readily approved it.
8. Doug felt
when he realized that his assumption was wrong.
9. After attending Mindsets
’
workshops, the participants came to know the importance of
to
their business.
10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we can achieve diversity and benefit
from the
between us.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank
from
a
list
of
choices
given
in
a
word
bank
following
the
passage.
Read
the
passage
through
carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter
. Please mark the
corresponding letter for each item on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may
not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They
never write, unless assignments
47
it . They fine the writing process
48
and difficult.
How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it-
49
English , with its rich vocabulary .
Being able to speak but not write is like living in an
50
mansion
(
豪宅
) and never leaving one small room .
When I meet students who think they can
’
t write, I know as a teacher my
51
is to show them the rest of the
rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to
52
the
moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a
journal in class every day.
Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done
53
, just like exercise just as muscles
grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student
confidence and
54
after only a few weeks of journal writing .
Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student.
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
When
my
students
practice
journal
writing,
they
are
practicing
for
their
future
academic,
political,
and
55
lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the
perfect
love
letter.
Every
day
that
they
write
in
their
journals
puts
them
a
step
56
to
fluency
,
eloquence
(
雄辩
), and command of language .
A)
closer
I) painful
B)
daily
J) performance
C)
emotional
K) profession
D)
enhance
L) remarkably
E)
enormous
M) require
F)
especially
N) sensitive
G)
hinder
O) urge
H)
mission
Section B
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on
the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the
centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized
by the New Y
ork-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable
fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.
The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory
of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough
to fine .
“
Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren
’
t comparable fabrics that can just replace what
you
’
re doing and shat your customers are used
to,”
he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton
are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have
few eco-friendly equivalents.
Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show
Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green
entrepreneurs
(
企业家
) who attend its
two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New Y
ork and gave special recognition to designers whose collections
are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years
ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
buy
transitional
(
过渡型的
)
cotton
at
higher
prices
,
thus
helping
to
expand
the
supply
of
a
key
sustainable
material .
“
Mainstream is about to
occur,”
says Hahn.
Some
analysts
(
分析师
) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists,
up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when
asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she
replied: “
Not that I
’
m aware
of.”
Like most consumers, she finds
little time to shop, and when she does, she
’
s on the hunt for
“
cute stuff that isn
’
t too
expensive.”
By her own
admission,
green
just
isn
’
t
yet
on
her
mind.
But
–
thanks
to
the
combined
efforts
of
designers,
retailers
and
suppliers
–
one day it will be.
57. What is said about FutureFashion?
A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.
B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.
C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.
D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.
58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that
.
A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .
B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .
C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .
D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .
59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion
.
A) can attend various trade shows free .
B) are readily recognized by the fashion world
C) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .
D) are gaining more and more support .
60. What is Natalie Hormilla
’
s attitude toward ecofashion?
A) She doesn
’
t seem to care about it.
C) She is doubtful of its practical value.
B) She doesn
’
t think it is sustainable
D) She is very much opposed to the idea
61. What does the author think of green fashion?
A) Green products will soon go mainstream.
B) It has a very promising future.
C) Consumers have the final say
.
D) It will appeal more to young people.
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(
缕
) of hair , a
technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .
The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people
’
s hair.
“
Y
ou
’re what you eat and drink, and that’
s recorded in you hair,
”
said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the
University of Utah.
While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The
chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.
Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier
isotopes
(
同位素
) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water
to California than to Utah.
Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen
isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to
about two months.
Cerling
’
s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences.
They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.
They
were
able
to
accurately
place
the
hair
samples
in
broad
regions
roughly
corresponding
to
the
movement of raid systems.
“
It
’
s not good for pinpointing (
精确定位
),
”
Cerling said .
“
It
’
s good for eliminating many
possibilities.”
Todd Park, a local detective, said the method
has
helped him learn more about
an unidentified woman
whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.
The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T
-shirt and several strands of hair.
When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed
that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.
She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern
Oregon and western Wyoming.
“
It
’
s still a substantial
area,”
Park said
“
But it narrows it way down for
me.”
62. What is the scientists
’
new discovery?
A) One
’
s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.
B) A person
’
s hair may reveal where they have lived.
C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.
D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.
63. What does the author mean by
“
Y
ou
’
re what you eat and drink
” (
Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect
K
for
Japa
executiv
and has
Toyota
’
s
he
uses
inconven
so 20
th
c
Su
automob
among t
on the l
luxury f
between
7.6
perc
market
other na
76 a tax
77
in
time.
Si
from 7.8
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
one
’
s personality development.
B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.
C) Food and drink leave traces in one
’
s body tissues.
D) Food and drink are indispensable to one
’
s existence.
64. What is said about the rainfall in America
’
s West?
A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.
B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.
C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.
D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.
65. What did Cerling
’
s team produce in their research?
A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.
B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.
C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.
D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.
66. What is the practical value of Cerling
’
s research?
A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.
B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.
C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.
D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.
67. A) profit
C) income
B) payment
D) budget
68. A) mostly
C) occasionally
B) partially
D) rarely
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
69. A) Therefore
C) Otherwise
B) Besides
D) Consequently
70. A) drift
C) current
B) tide
D) trend
71. A) remarkably
C) specially
B) essentially
D )particularly
72. A) While
C) When
B) Because
D) Since
73. A) surging
C) slipping
B) stretching
D) shaking
74. A) unless
C) as
B) if
D) after
75. A) lower
C) broader
B) slighter
D) larger
76. A) liable to
C) thanks to
B) in terms of
D) in view of
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
Alarmed by this state of
79 , the Japan Automobile
79. A) mess
C) growth
Manufacturers Association (JAMA)
B) boom
D) decay
80
a
comprehensive
study
of
the
market
in
2006.
It
80. A) proceeded
C) launched
found that a
81 wealth gap,
demographic
(
人口结构的
)
B)relieved
D) revised
81. A) quickening
C) strengthening
changes and
82
lack of interest in cars led Japanese to
B) widening
D) lengthening
82. A) average
C) abundant
hold their
B) massive
D) general
83
longer , replace their cars with smaller ones 84 give
83. A) labels
C) vehicles
B) cycles
D) devices
up car ownership altogether .JAMA
84. A) or
C) but
85
a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year. Some
B) until
D) then
experts
believe
that
if
the
trend
continues
for
much
85. A) concludes
C) reckons
B) predicts
D) prescribes
longer
,
further
consolidation
(
合并
)
in
the
automotive
86. A) distant
C) temporary
B) likely
D) immediate
sector is
86
.
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions:
Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your
translation on
Answer Sheet 2.
87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had
(
很难跟上班里的同学
)in math
and English.
88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary
(
就不会被大雨淋湿了
).
89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are
(
更有可能增加体重
).
90.
(
很多人所没有意识到的
) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.
study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is
(
与缺乏锻炼密切相关
)
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
参考答案
Part I Writing
Free Admission to Museums
（满分版）
Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden
reason behind this is not hard to analyze as there’s a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency
of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free
access to this live ‘database’, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.
However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem
is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development
of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different
channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many
visitors,
some
of
which
might
not
be
well-purposed
and
do
some
conscious
or
unconscious
damage
to
the
valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums.
As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Y
et it is proposed that some measures
should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations
to guide the
behavior of visitors or set some ‘closed’ days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way
can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
阅读答案
1. A. He just wouldn
’
t look her in the dye
。
2. C cultural ignorance
3.B Increasing understanding of people of other cultures
。
4.B A personnel training company
。
5. D he must get rid of his gender bias
6.C It helped him make fair decisions
。
7.A He told him to get the dates right
。
8. embarrassed
9. inclusiveness
10. differences and similarities
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
47.
M
require
48.
I
painful
49.F
especially
50.
E
enormous
51.H
mission
52.
D
enhance
53. B daily
54.J performance
55. K profession
56 A daily
57 A it inspired many leading designers to start going gree
58 D quality organic replacements for
synthetics are not readily available
59 D are gaining more and more support
60 A she doesn't seem to care about it
61 B it has a very promising future
62 B a person's hair may reveal where they have lived
。
63 C food and drink leave traces in one's body tissues
64 B the water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland
。
65 D a chart illustrating the movement of the rain system
。
66 C it helps the police narrow down possibililities in detective work
。
完型：
67. D. budget
68. A. mostly
69. B. besides
70. D. trend
71.D. particularly
72. A. while
73. D. shaking
74. B. if
75.
D.
larger
76.D.
in
view
of
77.
A.
unique
78.
A.
over
79.
D.
decay
80. A. proceeded
81.B. widening
82. B. massive
83. C. vehicles
84. A. or
85. B.
predict
86.B. likely
翻译
87. difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates
88. wouldn
’
t have been caught by the rain
89. more likely to put on weight
90. What many people don
’
t realize
91. closely relative to the lack of exercise
注意：资料收集于网上，仅供参考。
2008
年
12
月大学英语四级考试真题
Part I
Writing
（
30 minutes
）
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
a
short
essay
entitled
Limiting
the
Use
of
Disposable Plastic Bag
.
You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1.
一次性塑料袋的使用
2.
使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题
3.
限制一次性塑料袋的意义
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag
__________________________________ __________________________________________________ _____
_________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
(15 minutes)
Directions:
In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on
Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].
For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
That’s enough, kids
It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a
young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.
“
I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she says.” I went
over to them, p
icked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was
unexpected.
“
The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to
apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior
was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the
process?”
Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough.
Dealing with other people’s children has become a
minefield.
In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house it’s encouraged. For her, it’s about kids
being kids: “If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”
Each of these philos
ophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. But I find
myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous
territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or
acquaintances.
“
Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an
idea that they’re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying
that my child is
behaving inappropriately
, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”
In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There
are two schools of thought.
“
I
’
d go to the child first,
”
says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that
’
we
don
’
t do that here
’
is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (
直觉
) for how to behave in different settings.
”
He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems.
Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.
This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if
they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.
Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs
as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll
think I’m silly but in my house
I don
’
t want…’”
When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense
must prevail. If things don’t go well, then have a chat.”
There’re
a
couple
of
new
grey
areas.
Physical
punishment,
once
accepted
fro
m
any
adult,
is
no
longer
appropriate.
“A
new
set
of
considerations
has
come
to
the
fore
as
part
of
the
debate
about
how
we
handle
children.”
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
For Andrew Fuller, the child-
centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now
fro
m when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a
child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out –
either from
older children, or their parents
.”
He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (
礼貌
), and says that adults
suffer form it as much as child.
Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone
is exhau
sted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”
“
I
t’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from
school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are
charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”
This
jumping
to
our
children
’
s
defense
is
part
of
what
fuels
the
“
walking
on
eggshells
”
feeling
that
surrounds our dealings with other people
’
s children. Y
ou know that if you remonstrate(
劝诫
) with the child, you
’
re going to have to deal with the parent. It
’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?
“
Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundari
es,” White says. “I
suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –
better
–
educated parents are
probably more likely to be too involved.”
White believes our notions of a more child- centered, it
’
a way of talking about treating our children like
commodities(
商品
). We
’
re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects
whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the
chil
dren.”
One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence.
Back at the park, Bianchi
’
intervention(
干预
) on her son
’
behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting
words with the other boy
’
mother.
As
Bianchi
approached
the
park
bench
where
she’d
been
sitting,
other
mums
came
up
to
her
and
congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his
mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.
”
Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “look at kids that
aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate
behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.
1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?
A) make an apology
B) come over to intervene
C) discipline her own boy
D) take her own boy away
2. What does the author say about dealing with other peo
ple’s children?
A) it’s important not to hurt them in any way
B) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing
C) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids
D) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble
3. According to professor Naomi white of Mon
ash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will
probably feel___________________________
A) discouraged
B) hurt
C) puzzled
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
D) overwhelmed
4. What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?
A) talk to them directly in a mild way
B) complain to their parents politely
C) simply leave them alone
D) punish them lightly
5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, ______________________
A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them
B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public
C) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoings
D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids
6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________
A) it’s easy for people to become impatient
B) it’s difficult to create a code of conduct
C) it’s important to be friendly to everybody
D) it’s hard for people to admire each other
7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?
A) they’d question the teachers
B) they’d charge up to the school
C) they’d tell the kids to clam down
D) They’d put the blame on their kids
8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________
9
. According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they
___________________
10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________
Part III
Listening Comprehension
(35 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions
will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four
choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer
. Then mark the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11. A)Only true friendship can last long.
B)Letter writing is going out of style.
C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.
D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.
12. A) A painter.
C) A porter.
B) A mechanic.
D) A carpenter.
13. A) Look for a place near her office.
C) Make inquiries elsewhere.
B) Find a new job down the street.
D) Rent the $$600 apartment.
14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.
B) He has been extremely busy recently.
C) He has gained some weight lately
.
D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday
.
15. A)The woman possesses a natural for art.
B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking.
D) He doesn’t like a
bstract paintings.
16. A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.
B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.
C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.
D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing i
t.
17. A)she wants to get some sleep
C) she has a literature class to attend
B) she needs time to write a paper
D)she is troubled by her sleep problem
18. A)He is confident he will get the job.
B)His chance of getting the job is slim.
C)It i
sn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.
D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A)He can manage his time more flexibly.
B)He can renew contact with his old friends.
C)He can concentrate on his own projects.
D)He can learn to do administrative work.
20. A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.
B)Calling its personnel department.
C)Contacting its manager.
D)Searching its website.
21. A)To cut down its production expenses.
B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.
C)To improve its administrative efficiency
.
D)To utilize its retired employees’ resources.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A)Buy a tractor.
B)Fix a house.
C)See a piece of property.
D)Sing a business contract.
23. A)It is only forty miles form where they live.
B)It is a small one with a two- bedroom house.
C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.
D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.
24. A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.
B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.
C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.
D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.
25. A)Finances
B)Equipment
C)Labor
D)Profits
Section B
Directions:
In this
section,
you will
hear 3 short passages.
At the
end of each
passage,
you
will hear some
questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26 A) To introduce the chief of the c
ity’s police force
B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest
C)To address the issue of community security
D)To explain the functions of the city council
27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management
B)He is head of the International Police Force
C)He completed his higher education abroad
D)He holds a master’s degree in criminology
28 A)To coordinate work among police departments
B)To get police officers closer to the local people
C)To help the residents in times of emergency
D)To enable the police to take prompt action
29 A)Popular
B)discouraging
C)effective
D)controversial
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate
B)there are numerous languages in existence
C)Most public languages are inherently vague
D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages
31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence
B)in improves with constant practice
C)it is something we are born with
D)it varies from person to person
32 A)how private languages are developed
B)how different languages are related
C)how people create their languages
D)how children learn to use language
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33 A)she was a tailor
B)she was an engineer
C)she was an educator
D)she was a public speaker
34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.
B) Including interesting examples in them
C) Adjusting them to different audiences
D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science
35.A) Whether spacemen carry weapons
B) How spacesuits protect spacemen
C) How NASA trains its spacemen
D) What spacemen cat and drink
Section C
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
Directions:
In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you
should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in
the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46
you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have
just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,
you should check what you have written.
Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next
few decades.
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a
new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported
few(39)____.
Street
crimes
such
as
robbery
,
rape
(40)
___and
auto
theft
are
clearly
rising
(41)___in
eastern
European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.
What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still
，
there are certain conditions(43)
_______with
rising
crime
increasing
heterogeneity
(
混杂
)
of
populations,
greater
cultural
pluralism,
higher
immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________.
These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously
isolated and homogeneous(
同种类的
) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)_______________________.
Multiculturalism
can
be
a
rewarding,
enriching
experience,
but
it
can
also
lead
to
a
clash
of
values.
Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century
, and (46)_______________________
Part IV Reading Comprehension
（
Reading in Depth
）
（
25 minutes
）
Section A
Question 47-56
A
bookless
life
is
an
incomplete
life.
Books
influence
the
depth
and
breadth
of
life.
They
meet
the
natural______47_____for freedom, for
expression, for creativity
and beauty
of
life.
Learners, therefore, must
have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books
because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and
their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and
the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the
world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51
____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the
readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and
give significance to their own.
Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and
a
motivating
power,
and
stimulates
achievement.
While
enriching
their
imagination,
books
__55
____their
outlook,
develop
a
fact-finding
attitude
and
train
them
to
use
leisure
___56
___.
The
social
and
educational
significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.
A. Abundant
B. Characters
C. Communicating
D. Completely
E. Derive
F. Desire
G
. Diversity
H. Escape
I. Establishing
J. Narrow
K. Naturally
L. Personnel
M. Properly
N. Respect
O. Widen
Section B
Directions:
There
are
2
passages
in
this
section.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
some
questions
or
unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best
choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS.
Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on
average five years before a woman.
There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and
smoke but perhaps more importantly
, men don’t go to the doctor.
“
Men
aren’t
seeing doctors
as often
as they
should, ” says
Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly
so
for the
over-
40s,when diseases tend to strike.”
Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least
once a year.
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-
old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough
for a year.
“
When I finally saw him it
had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier
detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”
According to a
recent survey,
95%of women aged between 15
and early
40s
see
a doctor once
a
year,
compared to 70% of men in the same age group.
“
A lot of men think they are invincible
（不可战胜的）
”
Gullotta says
“
They only come in when a friend
drops dead on the golf course and they think
”
Geez, if it could happen to him.
Then there is the ostrich app
roach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not
know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.
“
Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes
most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.
Regular check-
ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention
is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called
premature death.”
does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?
A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today
.
B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.
C. They have lived long enough to read this article.
D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.
does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?
A. men drink and smoke much more than women
B. men don’t seek med
ical care as often as women
C. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of danger
D. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases
59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?
A. it could happen to me, too
B. I should avoid playing golf
C. I should consider myself lucky
D. it would be a big misfortune
60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)
A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditions
B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems
C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved
D. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear
61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
may increase public expenses
will save money in the long run
may cause psychological strains on men
will enable men to live as long as women
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
High-quality customer service is preached(
宣扬
) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier
said than done
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends,
relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers
decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by V
erde group and Wharton school
“
Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said
Paula Courtney, President of the V
erde group.”
the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”
On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific
store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting
“snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.
According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second
and third were grocery and electronics customers.
The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (
塞满了的
) shelves, overloaded racks,
out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting
（业余兼职
的）
local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking
spaces.
This
guidance
eliminated
the
need
for
customers
to
circle
the
parking
lot
endlessly,
and
avoided
confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.
Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre- stocking sales items, hiring speedy and
experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.
Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
“
Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so
friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple
as a greeter at the store entrance would
help.”
Customers
can
also
improve
future
shopping
experiences
by
filing
complaints
to
the
retailer,
instead
of
complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard- pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答
62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?
A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.
B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.
C Few customers believe the service will be improved.
D Customers have no easy access to store managers.
63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)?
A New customers are bound to replace old ones.
B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.
C Most stores provide the same
D Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.
64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
A can stay longer browsing in the store
B won’t have trouble parking their cars
C won’t have any worries about security
D can find their cars easily after shopping
65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?
A Manners of the salespeople
B Hiring of efficient employees
C Huge supply of goods for sale
D Design of the store layout.
66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.
A exert pressure on stores to improve their service
B settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way
C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly
D shop around and make comparisons between stores
Part V
Cloze
（
15 minutes
）
Directions:
There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B],
[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper
. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers
that
them
for
granted.
This
is
especially
true__67__children
from
families
and
communities
that
have
the
resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation
opportunities. Children in low- income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth
sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and
transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports
fields and facilities.
Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy
nations.
They
were
originally
developed__76__some
educators
and
developmental
experts__77__that
the
behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences.
This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you
could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.
This
belief
that
the
social__81__
influenced
a
person’s
overall
development
was
very
__82__to
people
interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th century
. It caused them to
think
about__84__they
might
control
the
experiences
of
children
to__85__responsible
and
productive
adults.
They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended
on the productivity of worker.
67. A. among
B. within
C. on
D. towards
68. A. spread
B. speed
C. spur
D. sponsor
69. A. access
B. entrance
C. chance D. route
70 A. little
B. less C. more D. much
71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack
72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare
73. A. so B. as C. and D. but
74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain
75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
76.A. before B. while C. until D. when
77.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited
78.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly
79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led
80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar
81.A. engagement B. environment C. state D. status
82.A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising
83.A. for B. with C. over D. at
84.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however
85.A. multiply B. manufacture C. produce D. provide
86.A. growing B. breeding C. raising D. flying
Part
Ⅵ
Translation
(5 minutes)
Directions:
Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
l researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems______________(
他们至今还没有答
案
)
88.______________________ (
大多数父母所关心的
) is providing the best education possible for their children.
89.Y
ou
’
d
better
take
a
sweater
with
you_______ ______________________________________
(
以防天气变
冷
)
ht the project, many people have received training and__________________________ (
决定自己创
业
)
anti-virus agent was not known_______________ ____________________(
直到一名医生偶然发现了
它
)
答案：
（提示：答案来源于网络，仅供参考）
快速阅读
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D
8. challenged
9. can be proud of
10. stay silent
听力：
11. D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends.
12. D) A painter.
13. C) Make inquires elsewhere.
14. C) He has gained some weight lately.
15. D) He doesn't like abstract paintings.
16. B) She may have put her notebook amid the journals.
17. A) She wants to get some sleep.
18. B) His chance of getting the job is slim.
19. A He can manage his time more flexible.
20. D Searching its website.
21. D To utilize its retired employee's resources.
22 C See a piece of property.
23. B It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.
24. C It may now be big enough for raising corn.
25. A Finances.
26. A) To introduce the chief of the city' police force.
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
27. D) He holds a master's degree in criminology
.
28. B) To get police officers closer to the local people.
29. C) Effective.
30. B) There are numerous languages in existence.
31. C) It is something we are born with.
32. D) How children learn to use language.
33. B) She was an engineer.
34. C) Adjusting them to different audiences.
35. A) Whether spacemen carry weapons.
复合式听写
36 trend
37 phenomenon
38 scene
39 offenses
40 murder
41 particularly
42 explosion
43 associated
44changing national borders, greater economic growth, and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong
45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history
46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems Reading Comprehension
阅读理解
Section A
47. F/ desire
48. K/ naturally
49. H/ escape
50. G/ diversity
51. N/ respect
52. I/ establishing
53. B/ characters
54. A/ abundant
55. O/ widen
56. M/ properly
57 A they are more likely to survive serious diseases today
.
58 B men don't seek medical care as often as women,
59 A it could happen to me, too
60 D unwillingness to find out about one's decease because of fear.
61 B they will save money in the long run.
62 B customer would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.
63 C most stores provide the same kind of service.
64 B won't have to trouble parking their cars.
65 A manners of the salespeople
66 C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly.
完型填空
67. A. among
68. D. sponsor
69. A. access
70. B. less
71. D. lack
72. C. fees
73. B. as
74. A. maintain
75. B. first
76. D. when
77. A. realized
78. C. strongly
79. D. led
80. C. particular
81. B. environment
82. A. encouraging
83. D. at
84. B. how
85. C. produce
86. A. growing
翻译
87. (that/which) they haven't found solution to
88. What most parents concern
89. in case it (should) turn cold.
90. decided to launch their own enterprise
91. until a doctor discovered it by chance.
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Recreational Activities
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given
below. Y
ou should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1.
娱乐活动多种多样
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
2.
娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性
3.
作为大学生，我的看法。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Media Selection for Advertisements
After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate
media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus on attention
on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of- home, Internet, and direct mail.
Television
Television in an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you
consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show
Who W
ants to Be a Millionaire?
you
can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand,
for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle
for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.
Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting
means that television channels are seen
by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. the Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play
golf.
Home
and
Garden
Television
is
seen
by
those
interested
in
household
improvement
projects.
Thus,
audiences are smaller and more
homogeneous
(
具有共同特点的
) than they have been in the past. Second, there
is
an increase in the number of
television
channels available to
viewers,
and
thus,
advertisers. This had also
resulted in
an increase in the sheer number of
advertisements
to
which
audiences
are exposed. Third,
digital
recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control
over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.
Newspapers
After television, the medium attracting the next largest annual as revenue is newspapers. The New Y
ork Times,
which reaches a national audience, accounts for $$1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national
circulation
(
发行量
) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the
largest advertising medium.
Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to
communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new
production techniques, advertisements can be printed in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick
way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community
,
and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.
Radio
Advertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor
bill-boards
(
广告牌
)
and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a
less expensive medium than television,
which means
advertisers
can
afford to
repeat their
ads
often.
Internet
companies
are
also
turning
to
radio
advertising.
Radio
provides
a
way
for
advertisers
to
communicate
with
audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on
the way home, and in the evening hours.
Two major changes
—
satellite and Internet radio
—
will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of
these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive
in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.
Magazines
Newsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they
attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver.
A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences
are
more
homogeneous.
If
you
read
Sports
Illustrated
,
for
example,
you
have
such
in
common
with
the
magazine’s other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient
way of reaching target audience members.
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
Advertisers using the print media
—
magazines and newspapers
—
will need to adapt to two main changes.
First, the
Internet will bring
larger
audiences to local newspapers. These
audiences
will
be
more
diverse
and
geographically
dispersed
(
分散
)
than
in
the
past.
Second,
advertisers
will
have
to
understand
how
to
use
an
increasing
number
of
magazines
for
their
target
audiences.
Although
some
magazines
will
maintain
national
audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.
Out-of-home advertising
Out-of-home advertising, also called place- based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of
reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch
television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these
on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home
advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective
medium than in the past. Using the digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared
with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can
change their messages more quickly.
Internet
As consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As
consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the
word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members
remember.
Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizat
ions’ advertising in the near future. Internet
audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these
audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the inline medium as well.
Direct mail
A
final
advertising
medium
is
direct
mail,
which
uses
mailings
to
consumers
to
communicate
a
client’s
message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards, and special promotion. Direct mail is an effective way to
build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising.
1. Television is an attractive advertising medium in that ________.
历年四级真题及答案串讲
A) it has large audiences
B) it appeals to housewives
C) it helps build up a company’s reputation
D) it is affordable to most advertisers
2. With the increase in the number of TV channels, ________.
A) the cost of TV advertising has decreased
B) the number of TV viewers has increased
C) advertisers’ interest in other media has decreased
D) the number of TV ads people can see has increased
3. Compare with television, newspapers as an advertising medium _______.
A) earn a larger annual ad revenue
B) convey more detailed messages
C) use more production techniques
D) get messages out more effectively
4. Advertising on radio continues to grow because _______.
A) more local radio stations have been set up
B) modern technology makes it more entertaining
C) it provides easy access to consumers
D) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio
5. Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to _______.
A) reach target audiences
B) appeal to educated people
C) attract diverse audiences
D) convey all kinds of messages
6. Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because _______.
A) billboards can be replaced within two hours
B) consumers travel more now than ever before
C) such ads have been made much more attractive
D) the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays
7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are ________.
A) quick to update
B) pleasant to look at
C) easy to remember
D) convenient to access
8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that tend to be _______.
9. Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for business to develop ________.
10. This passage discusses how advertisers select ________ for advertisements.
Part III
Listening Comprehension
(35 minutes)
Section A
11. A) Given his ankle a good rest.
B) Treat his injury immediately.
C) Continue his regular activities.
D) Be careful when climbing steps.
12. A) On a train.
B) On a plane.
C) In a theater.
D) In a restaurant.
13. A) A tragic accident.
B) A sad occasion.
C) Smith’s unusual life story.
D) Smith’s sleeping problem.
14. A) Review the detail of all her lessons.
B) Compare notes with his classmates.
C) Talk with her about his learning problems.
D) Focus in the main points of her lectures.
15. A) The man blamed the woman for being careless.
B) The man misunderstood the woman’s apology.
C) The wom
an offered to pay for the man’s coffee.
D) The woman spilt coffee on the man’s jacket.
16. A) Extremely tedious.
B) Hard to understand.
C) Lacking a good plot.
D) Not worth seeing twice.
17. A) Attending every lecture.
B) Doing lots of homework.
C) Reading very extensively.
D) Using test-taking strategies.
18. A) The digital TV system will offer different programs. B) He is eager to see what the new system is like.
C) He thinks it unrealistic to have 500 channels.
D) The new TV system may not provide anything better.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) A notice by the electricity board.
B) Ads promoting electric appliances.
C) The description of a thief in disguise.
D) A new policy on pensioners’ welfare.
20. A) Speaking with a proper accent.
B) Wearing an official uniform.
C) Making friends with them.
英语专题
25
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
D) Showing them his ID.
21. A) To be on the alert when being followed.
B) Not to leave senior citizens alone at home.
C) Not to let anyone in without an appointment.
D) To watch out for those from the electricity board.
22. A) She was robbed near the parking lot.
B) All her money in the bank disappeared.
C) The pension she had just drawn was stolen.
D) She was knocked down in the post office.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) Marketing consultancy.
B) Professional accountancy.
C) Luxury hotel management.
D) Business conference organization.
24. A) Having a good knowledge of its customs.
B) Knowing some key people in tourism.
C) Having been to the country before.
D) Being able to speak Japanese.
25. A) It will bring her potential into full play.
B) It will involve lots of train travel.
C) It will enable her to improve her Chinese.
D) It will give her more chances to visit Japan.
Section B
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
26. A) The lack of time.
B) The quality of life.
C) The frustrations at work.
D) The pressure on working families.
27. A) They were just as busy as people of today.
B) They saw the importance of collective efforts.
C) They didn’t complain as much as modern man.
D) They lived a hard life by hunting and gathering.
28. A) To look for creative ideas of awarding employees.
B) To explore strategies for lowering production costs.
C) To seek new approaches to dealing with complaints.
D) To find effective ways to give employees flexibility.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
29. A) Family violence.
B) The Great Depression.
C) Her father’s disloyalty.
D) Her mother’s bad temper.
30. A) His advanced age.
B) His children’s efforts.
C) His improved financial condition.
D) His second wife’s positive influence.
31. A) Love is blind.
B) Love breeds love.
C) Divorce often has disastrous consequences.
D) Happiness is hard to find in blended families.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
32. A) It was located in a park.
B) Its owner died of a heart attack.
C) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.
D) Its potted plants were for lease only.
33. A) Planting some trees in the greenhouse.
B) Writing a want ad to a local newspaper.
C) Putting up a Going Out of Business sign.
D) Helping a customer select some purchases.
34. A) Opening an office in the new office park.
B) Keeping better relations with her company.
C) Developing fresh business opportunities.
D) Building a big greenhouse of his own.
35. A) Owning the greenhouse one day.
B) Securing a job at the office park.
C) Cultivating more potted plants.
D) Finding customers out of town.
Section C
We’re
now
witnessing
the
emergence
of
an
advanced
economy
based
on
information
and
knowledge.
Physical
(36)
________,
raw
mat
erials,
and
capital are no longer the key (37) ________ in the cre
ation of wealth. Now, the (38) _______ raw material in our economy is knowledge. Tomorrow’s
wealth
depends
on
the
development
and
exchange
of
knowledge.
And
(39)
_______
entering
the
workforce
offer
their
knowledge,
not
their
muscles.
Knowledge workers get paid for their education and their ability to learn. Knowledge workers (40) ________ in mind work. They deal with symbols: (41)
________, and data.
What does all this mean for you? As a future knowledge worker, you can expect to be (42) ________, processing, as well as exchanging information,
26
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
(43) _______, three out of hour jobs involve some form of mind work, and that number will increase sharply in the future. Management and employees
alike (44)___________ __________________________________________________ __________.
In
the
new
world
of
work,
you
can
look
forward
to
being
in
constant
training
(45)
________________________ _______________________________________.
And
don’t
wait
for
someone
to
“empower”
you.
You
have
to
emp
ower
yourself.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
(25 minutes)
Section A
Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but
I could hardly _47_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was _48_ to a little college French.
I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _49_ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _50_ and do research?
It seemed impossible, and with considerable _51_ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought can through my mind:
you can learn
if you don’t try
. So I accepted the assignment.
There were some bad _52_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for
even the most remote of places, without guiders or even _53_ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.
The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54_. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world
opens to you.
I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55_. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more d
aring
than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _56_ wonders.
A) accomplish
B) advanced
C) balloon
D) claim
E) constantly
F) declare
G) interviews
H)limited
I) manufacture
J) moments
K) news
L) reduced
M) regret
N) scary
O) totally
Section B
Passage One
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21
st
century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about
it.
We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn- sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful
these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t
know enough to relieve global warming, and
–
without major technological breakthroughs
—we can’t do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion
to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology
remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low,
because societies that grow
richer use more energy. We need
economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards.
With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut
back
global
warming. Still,
politicians want
to
show they’re “doing something.” Consider the
Kyoto
Protocol
(
京都议定书
).
It
allowed countries that
joined to punish
those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many
signatories
(
签字国
) didn’t adopt tough
enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The
practical
conclusion
is
that
if
global
warming
is
a
potential
disaster,
the
only
solution
is
new
technology.
Only
an
aggressive
research
and
development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s real
ly an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we
don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.
57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.
B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.
C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.
58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?
A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.
B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.
59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.
A) economic growth
B) the widening gap between the rich and poor
C) wasteful use of energy
D) the rapid advances of science and technology
60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.
A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation
B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
C) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
D) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
61. What is the message the author intends to convey?
27
历年四级真题及答案串讲
英语专题
A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology
C) The
debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.
D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.
Passage Two
Someday
a
stranger
will
read
your
e-
without
your
permission
or
scan
the
Websites
you’ve
visited.
Or
perhaps
someone
will
casually
gla
nce
through your credit card purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In
fact,
it’s
likely
some
of
these
things
have
already
happened
to
you.
Who
would
watch
you
without
your
permission?
It
might
be
a
spouse,
a
girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen
—
the 21
st
century
equivalent of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to
reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few
boundaries remain. The digital bread
crumbs
(
碎屑
) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what
you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a
secret.
The key question is: Does that matter?
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned
about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about
privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn
down a discount at
tollbooths
(
收费站
) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty
cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers
just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off
coupon
(
优惠券
).
But privacy does matter
–
at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more
to protect it.
62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21
st
century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3
-4, Para.2)?
A) People’s personal information is easily accessed w
ithout their knowledge.
B) In the 21
st
century people try every means to look into others’ secrets.
C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.
D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.
63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?
A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.
B) Friends should always be faithful to each other.
C) There should be a distance even between friends.
D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.
64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret” (Line 5, Para.3)?
A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.
B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.
C) There are always
people who are curious about others’ affairs.
D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.
65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?
A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.
B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.
C) They rely more and more on electronic devices.
D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.
A) people will make every effort to keep it
B) its importance is rarely understood
C) it is something that can easily be lost
D) people don’t cherish it until they lose it
Part V
Cloze
(15 minutes)
Universities are institution that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed
_67_
extending man’s
knowledge of these subjects. The emphasis given to each of these functions
_68_
from university to university, according to the views of the people in
_69_
and
according
to
the
resources
available.
The
smaller
and
newer
universities
do
not
_70_
the
staff
or
equipment
to
carry
out
the
_71_
research
projects possible in larger institutions.
_72_
most experts agree that some research activity is
_73_
to keep the staff and their students in
_74_
with the
latest developments in their subjects.
Most students attend a university mainly to
_75_
the knowledge needed for their chosen
_76_
. Educationists believe that this aim should not be the
_77_
one. Universities have always aimed to
produce men
and women
_78_
judgment
and wisdom
as
well as
knowledge. For this
reason,
they
_79_
students to meet others with differing
_80_
and to read widely to
_81_
their understanding in many fields of study.
_82_
a secondary school course, a
student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own
_83_
. He should be prepared to
_84_
sacrifices to study his chosen
_85_
in depth. He should have an ambition to make some 86 contribution to man’s knowledge.
67. A) at
B) by
C) to
D) in
68.A) turns
B) ranges
C) moves
D) varies
69.A) prospect
B) place
C) control
D) favor
70.A) occupy
B) possess
C) involve
D) spare
71.A) maximum
B) medium
28
历年四级真题及答案串讲
C) virtual
D) vast
72.A) But
B) As
C) While
73.A) natural
B) essential
C) functionalD) optional
74.A) coordination
B) accordance
C) touch
D) grasp
75.A) acquire
B) accept
C) endure
D) ensure
76.A) procession
B) profession
C) possession
D) preference
77.A) typical
B) true
C) mere
D) only
78.A) with
B) under
C) on
D) through
79.A) prompt
B) provoke
C) encourage
D) anticipate
80.A) histories
B) expressions
C) interests
D) curiosities
81.A) broaden
B) lengthen
C) enforce
D) specify
82.A) Amid
B) After
C) Over
D) Upon
83.A) object
B) course
C) effect
D) sake
84.A) take
B) make
C) suffer
D) pay
85.A) field
B) scope
C) target
D) goal
86.A) radical
B) truthfu l
C) meaningful
D) init
Part VI
Translation
(5 minutes)
87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research ___________________(
能应用于新技术的开发
)
。
88. I can’t boot my computer now. something ___________(
一定出了什么毛病
) with its operation system.
89. Leaving one’s job, ________________(
不管是什么工作
), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.
90. __________________________ (
与我成长的地方相比
), this town is more prosperous and exciting.
91. _________________________________(
直到他完成使命
) did he realize that he was seriously ill.
英语专题
29
Part
Ⅱ
快速阅读答案
1. A) it has large audiences
2. D) the number of TV ads people can see has increased
3. B) convey more detailed messages
4. C) it provides easy access to consumers
5. A) reach target audiences
6. B) consumers travel more now than ever before
7. C) easy to remember
8. quite homogeneous, but small.
9. relationships with consumers
10. the appropriate media
Part
Ⅲ
听力
11. A) Give his ankle a good rest.
12. C) In a theater.
13. B) A sad occasion.
14. D) Focus on the main points of her lectures.
15. D) The woman split
coffee on the man’s skirt.
16. B) Hard to understand.
17. A) Attending every lecture.
18. D) The new TV program may not provide anything better.
长对话
1
19. C) The description of a thief in disguise.
20. D) Showing them his ID.
21. C) Not to let anyone in without an appointment.
22. C) The pension she had just drawn was stolen.
长对话
2
23. A) Marketing consultancy.
24. D) Being able to speak Japanese.
25. B)It will involve lots of train travel.
短文
1
26. A) The lack of time.
27. A) They were just as busy as people of today.
28. D) To find effective ways to give employees flexibility.
短文
2
29. B) The Great Depression.
30. D) His second wife’s positive influence.
73
31. B) Love breeds love.
短文
3
32. B) Its owner died of a heart stroke.
33. C) Putting up a Going Out of Business sing.
34. C) Developing fresh business opportunities.
35. A. Owning the greenhouse one day.
复合式听写
36) labor
37) ingredients
38) vital
39) individuals
40) engage
41) figures
42) generating
43) Currently
44) will be making decisions in such areas as product development, quality control, and customer satisfaction.
45) to acquire new skills that will help you keep up with the improved technologies and procedures
46) Don't expect the companies to provide you with a clearly-defined career path.
Part
Ⅳ
阅读理解
47. D) claim
48. H) limited
49. O) totally
50. G) interviews
51. M) regret
52. J) moments
53. B) advanced
54. N) scary
55. C) balloon 56. A) accomplish
57. D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.
58. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
59. A) economic growth.
60. B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use.
61. B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.
62. A) People
’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.
63. C) There should be a distance even between friends.
64. B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.
65. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
66. D) P
eople don’t cherish it until they lost it.
Part
Ⅴ
完形
67. A) at
68. D) varies
69. C) control
70. B) possess
71. D) vast
72. A) But
73. B) essential
74. C) touch
75. A) acquire
76. B) profession
77. D) only
78. A) with
79. C) encourage
80. C) interests
81. A) broaden
82. B) After
83. D) sake
84. B) make
85. A) field
86. C) meaningful
Part VI Translation
87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research can be applied to the development of new technology.
（能应用于新技术的开发）
88. I ca
n’t boot my computer now. Something must be wrong
（一定出了毛病）
with its operating system.
89. Leaving one’s job, no matter what job it is /whatever job it is,
（无论是什么
工作
）
is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to
retiring.
90. Compared with the place (in which/where) I grow up,
（与我成长的地方相比）
this town is more prosperous and exciting.
91. Not until he finished his mission
（直到他完成使命）
did he realize that he was seriously ill.
74
2007
年
12
月四级考试真题
Part
Ⅰ
Writing
(30 minutes)
注意：此部分试题在答题卡
1
上。
Part
Ⅱ
Rading comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passsage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose
the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the
passage.
Univeraities Branch Out
As never before in their long story, universities have become instruments of national
competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that
move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and
maintain competitive advantages. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow
of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for
global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.
In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become
More self-consciousy global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire
range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers,
offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative
（合作的）
research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.
Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students
leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.0 percent, from 8000,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2994. Most travel from one
developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries id growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing
countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the
United
Kingdom.
And
the
number
crossing
borders
for
undergraduate
study
is
growing
as
well,
to
8
percent
of
the
undergraduate
s
at
America’s
best
institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are
foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.
Universities
are
also
encouraging
students
to
spend
some
of
their
undergraduate
years
in
another
country.
In
Europe,
more
than
140,000
students
participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2, 2000 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United
States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships
（实习）
abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way,
offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity and providing the financial resources to make it possible.
Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale
professor and Howard Hughes Medical Shanghai’s Fudan
University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has
95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square- meter laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits
both countries;
Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducing from a word
-class scientist and his U.S. team.
As
a
result
of
its
strength
in
science,
the
United
States
has
consistently
led
of
the
world
in
the
world
in
the
commercialization
of
major
new
75
technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the internet
infrastructure
(
基础设施
)and applications software of
the
link
between
university-based
science
and
industrial
application
is
often
indirect
but
sometimes
highly
visible:
Silicon
Valley
was
intentionally created by Stanford University, and
Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world ,governments have encouraged copying of his
model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up
shop around the university.
For
all
its
success,
the
United
States
remains
deeply
hesitant
about
sustaining
the
research
university
model.
Most
politician
recognize
the
link
between investment in science and national
Economic
strength,
but
support
for
research
funding
has
been
unsteady.
The
budget
of
the
National
Institutes
of
Health
doubled
between
1998
and
2003,but has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that
same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at
the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.
American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national
interest by increasing
international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign- language study is well below the levels of 40
years ago. In the wake of September 11,changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S.
Universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U .K. Objections from Americans university and business leaders
led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline ,but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.
Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well
-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students
threaten
American
competitiveness
by
taking
their
knowledge
and
skills
back
home.
They
fail
to
grasp
that
welcoming
foreign
students
and
like
immigrants throughout history-strength the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most
cherished
(
珍视
) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few Instruments of foreign policy are as
effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
1
上作答。
1
．
From the first paragraph we know that present
–
day universities have become
A
．
more and more research-oriented
B
．
in-service training organizations
C
．
more popularized than ever before
D
．
a powerful force for global integration
2
．
Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased
A
．
by2.5 million
B
．
by 800,000
C
．
at an annual rate of 3.9 percent
D
．
at an annual rate of 8 percent
3
．
In the United States,how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born?
A
．
10%
B
．
20%
C
．
30%
D
．
38%
4
．
How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?
A
．
They organize a series of seminars on world economy
B
．
They offer them various courses in international politics
C
．
They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program
D
．
They give them chances for international study or internship
5
．
An example illustrating the general trend of universi
ties’ globalization is
A
．
Yale’s collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research
B
．
Yale’s helping Chinese universities to launch research projects
C
．
Yale’s student exchange program with European institutions
D
．
Yale’s establishing br
anch campuses throughout the world
6
．
What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?
A
．
It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard
76
B
．
It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company
C
．
It was intentionally created by Stanford University
D
．
It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up
7
．
What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?
A
．
It has increased by 3 percent
B
．
It has been unsteady for years
C
．
It has been more than sufficient
D
．
It doubled between 1998 and 2003
8
．
The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S after September 11 was caused by
9
．
Many Americans fear that American competiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will
10
．
The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and
Part
Ⅲ
Listening Comprehension
(35 minutes)
Section A
Direction:
In his section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be
asked about what was said. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will a pause. During the pause,
you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a
single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
11.
A) She used to be in poor health.
B) She was popular among boys.
12.
A) At he airport.
B) In a restaurant.
C) She was somewhat overweight
D) She didn’t do well at high school.
C) In a booking office.
D) At the hotel reception.
C) Asking the teacher for extra help.
D) Telling her son not to worry.
C) Continue her work outdoors.
D) Go on vacation with the man.
C) He is worried about Rod’s health.
D) He has been in perfect condition.
13.
A) Teaching her son by herself.
B) Having confidence in her son.
14.
A) Have a short break.
B) Take two weeks off.
15.
A) He is taking care of this twin brother.
C) He ha been feeling ill all week.
16.
A) She sold all her furniture before she moved house.
B) She still keeps some old furniture in her new house.
C) She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement.
D) She brought a new set of furniture from Italy last month.
17.
A) The woman wondered why the man didn’t return the book.
B) The woman doesn’t seem to know what the book is about.
C) The woman doesn’t find the bo
ok useful any more.
D) The woman forgot lending the book to the man.
18.
A) Most of the man’s friends are athletes.
B) Few people share the woman’s opinion.
C) The man doesn’t look like a sportsman.
D) The woman doubts the man’s athletic ability.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have heard.
19. A) She has packed it in one of her bags.
B) She has probably left it in a taxi.
C) She id going to get it the airport.
D) She is afraid that she has lost it.
20) A) It ends in winter.
B) It will cost her a lot.
C) It will last one week.
D) It depends on the weather.
21. A) The plane is taking off soon.
B) There might be a traffic jam.
77
C) The taxi is waiting for them.
D) There is a lot of stuff to pack.
22. A) At home.
B) In the man’s car.
C) At the airport.
D) By the side of a taxi.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) She is thirsty for promotion.
B) She wants a much higher salary.
C) She is tired of
her present work.
D) She wants to save travel expenses.
24. A) Translator.
B) Travel agent.
C) Language instructor.
D) Environment engineer.
25. A) Lively personality and inquiring mind.
B) Communication skills and team spirit.
C) Devotion and work efficiency.
D) Education and experience.
Section B
Directions:
In this section, you will hear 3 short passage. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions
will be spoken only once. After you hear a questions. , you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A
）
,B
）
,C
）
and D
）
.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26
．
A
）
They care a lot about children.
B
）
They need looking after in their old age.
C
）
They want to enrich their life experience.
D
）
They want children to keep them company.
27. A. They are usually adopted from distant places.
birth infromation is usually kept secret.
birth parents often try to conceal their birth information.
adoptive parents don’t want them to know their birth parents.
28. generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents.
do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents.
have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents.
are fully aware of
the expenses involved in the search.
29. adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship.
people prefer to adopt children from overseas.
tanding is the key to successful adoption.
on has much to do with love.
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. suffered from mental illness.
bought The washing on post.
turned a failing newspaper into a success.
was once a reporter for a major newspaper.
31. was the first woman to lead a big hing company.
got her first job as a teacher at the University of Chicago.
committed suicide because of her mental disorder.
78
took over her father’s
position when he died.
32. came to see the role of women in the business world.
ine played a major part in reshaping Americans’mind.
an media would be quite different without Katharine.
ine had exerted an important influence on the world.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. ’ll enable them to enjoy the best medical care.
’ll allow them to receiv
e free medical theatment.
’ll protect them from possible financial crises.
’ll preent the doctors from overcharging them.
34
．
A
）
They can’t immediately get back the money paid for their medical cost.
B
）
They have to go through very complicated application procedures.
C
）
They can only visit doctors who speak their native languages.
D
）
They may not be able to receive timely medical treatment.
35
．
A
）
They don’t have to pay for the medical services.
B
）
They needn’t pay the entire medical bill at once.
C
）
They must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly.
D
）
They have to pay a much higher price to get an insurance policy.
Section C
Directions:
In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.
When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For
blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard
or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
More
and
more
of
the
word’s
population
are
living
in
towns
or
cities.
The
speed
at
which
cities
are
growing
in
the
less
devel
oped
countries
is
（
36
）
. Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries
（
37
）
two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth
was eight times their size.
They
（
38
）
size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very
（
39
）
signs of trouble in the
（
40
）
of percentages of people
living in towns and percentages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew as a result of the growth of industry. In Europe
the
（
41
）
of people living in cities was always smaller than that of the
（
42
）
working in factories. Now, however, the
（
43
）
is almost always
true in the newly industrialized world:
（
44
）
.
Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot pay for their growth;
（
45
）
. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or other facilities.
（
46
）
a growth in the number of hopeless and despairing parents and starving children.
Part
Ⅳ
Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section
．
There is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word
bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark
the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than
once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
79
As war spreads to many comers of the globe, Children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however,
groups of children have
been taking part in
peace education
47 .The
children, after learning to
resolve conflicts,
took
on
the
48 of peacemakers.
The
Children’s Movement for peacemakers was even nominated(
提名
) or the Nobel peace prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 is peacemakers studied human
rights an poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known a The Schools of Peace.
The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 ,peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for
each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53
useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 54
on staring a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s right
s and how to help the 55 of
war. Starting a Peacemakers’ Club
is a praiseworthy ventu
re for a class an one that could spread to other classrooms an ideally affect the culture of the 56
school.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
A) acting
I) information
B) assuming
J) offers
K) projects
C) comprehensive
D) cooperative
E) entire
L) respectively
M) role
N) technology
O) victims
F) especially
G) forward
H) images
Section B
Directions:
There
are
2
passages
in
this
section .
Each
passage
is
followed
by
some
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
are
four
choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through
the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on following passage.
By almost any measure , there is a boom in Internet-based instruction . In just a few years , 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some
form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools , it’s closer to 90 percent . If you doubt the popularity of the
trend, you probably haven’t . It
enrolls 90,000 student , a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructions post syllabi(
课程大纲
), reading
assignments , and schedules on Websites , and students send in their assignments by e-mail . Generally speaking , face-to-face communication with an
instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.
The attraction for students might at first
seem obvious . Primarily , there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they
say
,
in
your
pajamas(
睡衣
).
But
figures
indicate
that
the
reduced
effort
results
in
a
reduced
commitment
to
the
course .
While
dropout
rates
for
all
freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent , the rate for online students is 35 percent . Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses
inherent in the setup . In a survey conducted for eCornell , the DL division of Cornell University , less than a third of the respondents expected the quality
of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.
Cleary form the schools perspective , there’s a lot of money to be saved . Although some of the more ambitious programs requi
re new investments in
servers and networks to support collaborative software , most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded(
升级
)systems . The more students
who
enroll
in
a
course
but
don’t
come
to
campus
,
the
more
the
school
saves
on
keeping
the
ligh
ts
on
in
the
classrooms
,
paying
doorkeepers
,
and
maintaining parking lots , And there’s evindence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons , won’t be paid any more ,
and might well be paid less.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
80
57. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?
A) All its courses are offered online.
B) Its online courses are of the best quality.
C) It boasts the largest number of students on campus
D) Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.
58
．
According to the passage , distance learning is basically characterized by_____
A) A considerable flexibility in its academic requirements
B) The great diversity of students
’
academic backgrounds
C) A minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction
D) t the casual relationship between students and professors
59. Many students take Internet -based courses mainly because they can_____
A) Earn their academic degrees with much less effort
B) Save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses
C) Select courses from various colleges and universities
D) Work on the required courses whenever and wherever
60. What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?
A) There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.
B) The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.
C) There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.
D) Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.
61. According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of_____
A) building up their reputation
C) upgrading their teaching facilities
B) cutting down on their expenses
D) providing convenience for students
Passage Two
Questions62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
In
this
age
of
Internet
chat,
videogames
and
reality
television,
there
is
no
shortage
of
mindless
activities
to
keep
a
child
occupied.
Yet,
despite
the
competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing
contest, a competition she won last yes.
As a writer I know about winning contest, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the
publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn
’
t win the contest again? That
’
s the
strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.
A revelation
（启示）
came last week when I asked her,
“
Don
’
t you want to win again
?”
“
No,
”
she replied,
“I just
want to tell the story of an angel going to
first grade.
”
I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously
（自由地）
told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the
young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first trade was
quickly
“guided”
by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her fist music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without
even realizing it.
Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I konw very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to
first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting
（借用）
my daughter’s experence.
While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away
to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their
own voices.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
62. What do we learn from the first paragraph?
81
jana-pass是什么意思
jana-pass是什么意思
jana-pass是什么意思
jana-pass是什么意思
jana-pass是什么意思
jana-pass是什么意思
jana-pass是什么意思
jana-pass是什么意思
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