鸭舌帽的英文金融专业英语复习1

2021年1月20日发(作者：传达英文)

一、名词解释

1
、
Financial
system
金融体系
:
指一个经济体中资金流动的基本框架，它是资金流动的工具（金融资产）
、市场参与者（中介机构）和交易方式（市场）等各
金融要素构 成的综合体。
P4
2
、
Treasury
bill
国
库
券
:a
short-term
obligation
that
is
not
interest-bearingP24
3
、
fiat money
不可兑现货币：指由政府发行的不能兑换成黄金或白银的货币，
其购买力完全来自政府的权威和 信誉
money that the government declares to
be
legal
tender
although
it
cannot
be
converted
into
standard
specie.P23
4
、
Monetary
policy
货币政策：
the
process
by
which
the
government,central
bank,or
monetary
authority
of
a
country
controls
the
supply
of
money,availability of money, and interest rate ,in order to keep growth
and stability of the economy. P37
5
、
discount loan
贴息贷款
:A loan on which the interest and financing
charges are deducted from the face amount when the loan is issued P37
6
、
Chinese
Banking
Regulatory
Commission
:the
watchdog
for
banks
in
china,responsible
for
making
the
rules
and
regulations
for
the
financial
and banking institutions it supervises. P50
7
、
consolidation
合并
：
the
merger
or
acquisition
of
many
smaller
companies
into much larger ones P50
8
、
P/B
ratio
市净率
:a
ratio
used
to
compare
a
stock's
market
value
to
its
book value. P66
9
、
H-shares
:shares of companies in china's mainland that are listed on
Hong Kong Stock Exchange. P66
10
、
Risk management
:the process of identification,analysis and either
acceptance or mitigation of uncertainty in investment decision-making.
11
、
trust
fund
:property,especially
money
and
securities,held
or
settled
in trust. P78
12
、
Quota
配额
:in
international
trade,a
government- imposed
limit
on
the
quantity
of
goods
and
services
that
may
be
exported
over
a
specified
period
of time.(
不确定
P90)
13
、
Balance of payments
:


14
、
Eurodollar
欧洲美元
:the
dollar-denominated
deposit
in
foreign
banks
outside the United States banks. P105
15
、
Time deposit
定期存款
:the fixed-maturity account that cannot be
withdrawn without advance notice. P105
16
、
Floating
exchange
rate
浮动汇率
:a
type
of
exchange
rate
regime
wherein
a
currency's
value
is
allowed
to
fluctuate
according
to
the
foreign
exchange market. P114
17
、
Draft
汇
票
：
a
written
order
from
one
person
(the
payer)to
another,signed by the person giving it,requiring the person to whom it
is
addressed
to
pay
on
demand
or
at
some
fixed
future
date
,a
certain
sum
of
money,to
either
the
person
identified
as
payee
or
to
any
person
presenting the bill. P140
18
、
Secondary market
: a financial market in which securities that have
been previously issued can be resold. P152
19
、
Security
证
券
，
抵
押品
：
an
investment
instrument
issued
by
a
corporation,government,or other organization which offers evidence of
debt or equity. P152
20
、
common stock
普通股
:a share of ownership in a corporation carrying
voting rights that can be exercised in corporate decisions. P163
21
、
Futures
期货
:a
standardized
contract,traded
on
a
futures
exchange,to
buy or sell a certain underlying instrument at a certain date in the
future,at a specified price.
22
、
Option
期权
:a
privilege
sold
by
one
party
to
another
that
offers
the
buyer the right,but not the obligation,to buy or sell a security at an
agreed-upon
price
during
a
certain
period
of
time
or on
a
specific
date.
二、课后翻译题：

1
、共同基金是向大众出售股票的机构，并用由此所得的 收益选择购买各种类型的股票或者
债券，
或者投资组合，
或者同时购买股票和债券的投 资组合。
共同基金的股东接受与投资组
合相关的所有风险和收益。
并且如果投资组合价 值升高，
股东收益也随之增长；
如果投资组
合价值降低，股东就会遭受损失
P7
A
mutual
fund
is
an
institution
that
sells
shares
to
the
public
and
uses
the
proceeds
to
buy
a
selection,or
portfolio,of
various
types
of
stocks,bonds,or
both
stocks
and

shareholder
of
the
matual
fund
accepts
all
the
risks
and
returns
associated
with the the value of the portfolio rises,the shareholder benefits
；
if the value of the portfolio falls,the shareholder suffers the loss.
2.
中央银行执行国家所选择的货币政策。
其中最基础的就是要确定一国的货币形
态，
即法 定货币，
与黄金挂钩的货币
（国际货币基金组织成员不允许使用这种货
币）
， 货币局或是货币联盟。当一国货币确定之后，就涉及到某种形式的标准化
货币的发行。
标准化货 币本质上是一种本票，
在一定条件下用票据交换货币的承
诺。

Central banks implement a county's chosen monetary the most
basic
level,this
involves
establishing
what
form
of
currency
the
country
may
have,whether
a
fiat
currency,gold- backed
currency(disallowed
for
countries
with
membership
of
the
IMF),currency
board
or
a
currency

the
country
has
its
own
national
currency,which
is
essentially
a form of promissory note
：
a promise to exchange the vote for
“
money
”

under certain circumstances.
3
、对于中央银行应该是私有银行还是政府机构这一问题存 在严重的分歧。在这
些问题上的激烈争论最后导致了一个妥协方案的产生。
按照美国传统，美国国会
将相互制衡的系统进行了详细阐述，
并写进
1913
年的
《联邦储备法》
，
建立了拥
有
12
个地区储备银行的联邦储备系统 。

Serious disagreements existed over whether the central bank should be a
private bank or a government e of the heated debates
on these issues,a compromise was American tradition,Congress
wrote
an
elaborate
system
of
checks
and
balances
into
the
Federal
Reserve
Act
of
1913,which
created
the
Federal
Reserve
System
with
its
12
regional
Federal Reserve Banks.
4
、面对国内外复杂严峻的经济形势，中国人民银行在中共中央、国务院的正 确
领导下，
深入学习、
实践科学发展观，
切实履行中央银行职责，
妥 善应付国际金
融危机的强烈冲击，
积极推进金融监管协调机制建设，
着力加强金融风险 监测和
评估工作，
加快推进存款保险制度设计工作，
强化中央银行资产管理，
推动理财
产品健康发展，有力地保障了国家金融体系的稳定和安全。

Faced
with
the
complicated
and
severe
economic
situation
both
at
home
and
abroad,in
line
with
the
changing
situation,the
PBC,under
the
leadership
of
the
CPC
Central
Committee
and
the
State
Council,resolutely
studied
and
implemented
the
scientific
development
approach,earnestly
fulfilled
its
responsibilities as the central bank,responded promptly to the intense
impact
of
the
international
financial
crisis,pressed
ahead
with
developing
the
coordination
mechanism
for
financial
regulation,strengthened
the
monitoring
and
assessment
of
financial
risks,speeded
up
the
designing
of
the
deposit
insurance
system,enhanced
the
central
bank
asset
management,promoted
healthy
development
of
wealth
management products,and effectively maintained financial stability and
safety.
5
、通过公开发行上市，上述四家 银行建立了以市场为导向的资本供给机制，规
范了信息披露，
加强了对高层管理人员的绩效监测 。
因此资本市场在建立高效的
现代金融企业运行机制中发挥着越来越突出的作用。
此外 ，
中国银行和中国工商
银行在
A
股市场的相继上市也增强了市场的整体投资价 值。

Through public listing,the aforementioned four banks have established
market-oriented
capital
supply
mechanism,standardized
information
disclosure,and strengthened restrictions on the performance of senior
,the capital market played an increasingly prominent role
in
establishing
efficient
operation
mechanism
of
modern
financial
addition,the consecutive listing of BOC and ICBC on the
A
share
market
also
enhanced
the
overall
investment
value
on
the
market.
6
、更概括 地讲，国际货币基金组织的任务是确保国际货币金融体系的稳定，即
能够促进国家之间国际收支和货币汇 率制度的稳定。基金组织旨在促进经济稳
定，防止危机发生；危机发生时帮助解决危机；推动经济增长， 减少贫困。为了
达到这些目标，基金组织行使三项主要职能——监督，技术支持和借款。

More generally,the IMF is responsible for ensuring the stability of the
international
monetary
and
financial
system
—
—
the
system
of
international
payments
and
exchange
rates
among
national
currencies
that
enables
trade
to
take
place
between

Fund
seeks
to
occur,and
to
promote
growth
and
alleviate

employs
three
main
functions
—
—
surveillance,technical
assistance,and
lending
—
—
to
meet
these
objectives.
7
、回购协议， 金融机构或大公司从银行购买国库券，并同意在将来某个时间以
约定的价格，包括利息，再卖回给银行。

Repurchase
agreements
(repos)
that
are
loans
in
which
a
financial
institution
or
large
corporation
purchase
a
Treasury
Bill
from
a
bank
and
agrees
to
sell
it
back
at
a
future
date
at
the
agreed
price,which
includes
the interest.
8
、在使用直接标价法的情况下，如果一个国家的货币走强，越来越有价 值，那
么汇率就降低，这说明该国货币升值了；相反，如果外币走强，汇率增大，则说
明该国货 币贬值了。

If
the
home
currency
becomes
strong
and
become
more
valuable
using
direct
quotation,the exchange rate number decreases,which indicates that the
home
currency
is
sely,if
the
foreign
currency
becomes
strong,the
exchange
rate
number
increases,which
indicates
that
the
home
currency is depreciating.
9
、从 出口商的利益考虑，即期付款交单比见票后付款交单更有利，而付款交单
比承兑交单更有利。
在 实际贸易中，
选择托收付款应慎重。
通常在进口商财力雄
厚的情况下，
或是出 口商为了在国外市场上进行促销，
再或者是交易额很小的情
况下才使用托收。除此之外，一般应 选择信用证。

As far as the exporter
’
s interest is concerned,D/P at sight is more
favorable than D/P after sight,and D/P is more favorable than D/
actual
trade,payment
by
collection
should
be
accepted
with

is usually used when the financial standing of the importer is sound,or
when
the
exporter
wishes
to
push
the
sale
of
his
goods,or
when
the
transaction
involves
only
a
small
ise,the
letter
of
credit
is generally preferred.
10
、货币市场交易没有特定的特点。
相反，
交易 商们通常会通过电话安排买卖活
动，
因此交易过程实现了电子化。
正是因为这一特点，
货币市场证券通常有一个
非常灵活的二级市场。
活跃的二级市场使货币市场上的交易证 券成为了一种非常
灵活的金融工具，可以满足短期融资的需求。

Money
market
transactions
do
not
take
place
in
any
one
particular
location
or
d,
traders
usually
arrange
purchases
and
sales
between
participants
over
the
phone
and
complete
them
e of
this
characteristic,
money
market
securities
usually
have
an
active
secondary

active

secondary
market
makes

money
market
securities
very
flexible
instruments
to
use
to
fill
short-term
financial
needs. < br>11
、场外交易衍生产品是买卖双方之间直接私下协商和买卖的衍生产品合约，
不
通过交易所或者其他金融中介。
诸如掉期合约，
远期利率合约，
奇异期权合约几乎都是以这种方式交易的。
场外交易数量巨大。
根据国际清算银行的统计，
美国< br>2005
年全国未清偿交易总量达到
298
万亿美元。

Over-the-counter(OTC)derivatives
are
contracts
that
are
traded(and
privately
negotiated
)directly
between
two
parties,without
going
through
an exchange or other ts such as swaps,forward rate
agreements,and
exotic
option
are
almost
always
traded
in
this

OTC
derivatives
market
is
ing
to
the
Bank
for
International