settlementsBiochemistry 生物化学重点(英文)

2021年1月20日发(作者：necropsy)
Dear all
Finally I finished the term and essay questions of biochemistry. I already choose the more
important questions for all of you, which is attached in a word file.
The exam will include choice questions (20 scores), term and essay questions (80 scores).

“A leaf which falls from a tree goes wherever wind takes it. Be the wind to drive others,
not the leaf to be driven by others.”

“
Success lies not in the result but in the effort. Being the best is NOT at all important;
doing the best is all that matters!
”

“If you find your world as a sky and your friends as STARS, and if YOU don't find me
among them, don’t worry! I've just been fallen to make your wish come true.”

Best regard!

Brief Exercises of Biochemistry

Chapter 1 The structure and function of protein
Explain the following terms
1. peptide bond 2. Amino acid residues 3. Primary structure of protein
4. isoelectric point 5. Secondary structure of protein 6. Tertiary structure of protein
7. Domain 8. Protein denaturation 9. Quaternary structure of protein



Answer the following questions briefly
1. What is physiological significance of hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve as S-shaped?
2. Please describe physiological functions of proteins.

Discuss the following questions (Essay questions)
1. Explain the relationship between the primary and spatial structure and the function of protein.




Chapter 2 The structure and function of nucleic acids

Explain the following terms
1. primary structure of nucleic acids 2. DNA denaturation 3. Tm
4. DNA renaturation 5. nucleic acid hybridization


Answer the following questions briefly
1. What is the structural characteristics of an eukaryocyte mature mRNA?
2. What is the biological significance of Tm?

Discuss the following questions (Essay questions)
1. Please compare the two types of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) in the chemical composition,
molecular structure, cell distribution and biological functions.
2. Please describe the structural characteristics of the B-DNA.
3. Describe the molecular composition, structural features and functions of tRNA.




Chapter 3 Enzyme

Explain the following terms
1. enzyme 2. enzyme active center 3. enzyme competitive inhibition
4. Km 5. isoenzyme 6. zymogen activation


Answer the following questions briefly
1. Explains with examples the competitive inhibition characteristic and the practical significance.
2. What is the relationship between the enzyme cofactor and vitamine?
3. What is the physiological significance of zymogen?
4. What is isoenzyme? What is clinical significance of isoenzyme?
5. How many kinds of essential group of enzyme are there? What is the role of each?



Chapter 4 Metabolism of carbohydrate

Explain the following terms
1. glycolysis 2. glycolytic pathway 3. tricarboxylic acid cycle
4. gluconeogenesis 5. blood sugar



Answer the following questions briefly
1. Describe briefly source and fate of blood sugar
2. Describe briefly the physiological significance of gluconeogenesis
3. Describe briefly the physiological significance of glycolysis
4. Describe briefly the outline of TCA cycle
5. Describe briefly the physiological significance of TCA cycle
6. Describe briefly the physiological significance of pentose phosphate pathway
7. Outline the reasons for the formation of lactic acid cycle and the physiological significance.
8. Overview the important role of B vitamins in glucose metabolism.
9. Why 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase activity will increase after uptake high-carbohydrate diet?

Discuss the following questions (Essay questions)
1. Explain how is lactate converted into glucose? (Write down the main reactions and key enzymes)
2. Explain how is lactate converted into CO
2
, H
2
O and releases ATP? (Write down the main reactions
and key enzymes)
3. Overview the regulation molecular mechanism of adrenaline on the blood sugar level.
4. Please explain why a slimmer has to reduce the intake of carbohydrates from the point of view of
nutrients metabolism. (Write down the related pathways, cellular localization, main reactions and
key enzyme)




Chapter 5 Metabolism of lipids

Explain the following terms
1. fat mobilization 2. ketone body 3. plasma lipoprotein
4. apolipoprotein 5. essential fatty acid 6. blood lipids


Answer the following questions briefly
1. What is the function of bile acid at lipids digestion?
2. What is the physiological significance of ketone body generation?
3. What are materials of fatty acid synthesis?
4. What is the physiological significance of cholesterol?
5. What are the functions of apolipoprotein?

Discuss the following questions (Essay questions)
1.
Describe
the
sources,
chemical
composition
characteristics
and
main
physiological
functions
of
plasma lipoprotein.
2. Explain how is the stearic acid converted into CO
2
, H
2
O and releases ATP?
3. Please describe the oxidation catabolism process of glycerol generated from fat mobilization
4. Explain how is the glycerol converted into glycogen?
5. Describe the source and fate of acetyl-CoA?



Chapter 6 Biological oxidation

Explain the following terms
1. biological oxidation 2. respiratory chain
3. oxidative phosphorylation 4. substrate level phosphorylation


Discuss the following questions (Essay questions)
1. Write down the sequence of two respiratory chain




Chapter 7 Metabolism of amino-acid

Explain the following terms
1. essential amino acid 2. deamination of amino acid 3. transamination of amino acid
4. one carbon unit 5. hyperammonemia


Answer the following questions briefly
1. What is the physiological significance of one carbon units?
2. What is meaning of PAPS, GABA, SAM and FH4 each?
3. Write down the deamination of amino acids in vivo.
4. Outline the source and fate of blood ammonia.

Discuss the following questions (Essay questions)
1. How does a glutamate be oxidized to supply energy? What is the final product?
2. What are functions of vitamins B in the metabolism of amino acids?
3. Use the alanine as an example, try to explain the gluconeogenesis process of glucogenic amino
acids.




Chapter 8 Metabolism of nucleotide