出发的英文生物技术专业英语论文

2021年1月20日发(作者：变魔术)







普通生物学专业英语论文

河南师范大学新联学院

2011
级生物技术

李钦












Harbin institute of technology biotechnology professional thesis


Genetically modified food safety

Abstract:

In the 20th century is called the age of life science and biotechnology ,People have to
share to the biological high-tech brings a lot of convenience ,And look forward to them to prevent
the disease, improve the nutrition level, improve the quality of life, meet the needs of the family,
bring more benefits to extend the healthy life, etc.
In the meantime
,
however
,
It has been strongly
felt Biological high-tech challenge to traditional moral and ethical system, Seeing or feeling to the
resultant of


the society and legal .


As
we
all
know
,
modern
biotechnology
has
brought
human

numerous
benefits
：
through the application of biotechnology , a broad and significant increase
of food production can be happily seen at global agricultural production . But when
we enjoy the enormous benefits of the GM food

, a new but a alarming problem also
came that if these food is safe enough for people? If something seriously

happened ,
what can we do? Maybe you can find some answer in these

thesis.
Key

Word :


modern biotechnology


GM food

safety

One:
introduction





What
is
biotechnology
?

maybe

not
too
mang
people
know
is
definition
accurately .
biotechnology
is
a
technology
which
can
reform
and
make
the
use
of
natural lives on the ingredient of them by taking advantage of the research finds in life
sciences
which
can
greatly
follow
the
will
of
people .
in
its
purest
form,
the
term
“biotechnology”
refers
to
the
use
of
living
organisms
or
their
products
to
modify
human health and the human environment .



Biotechnology
in
one
form
or
another
has
flourished
since
prehistoric
times .
When the first human being realized that they chould plant their own crops and breed
their own animals , they learned to use biotechnology . the discovery that fruit juices
fermented into wine , or that milk could be converted into cheese or yogurt ,or that
beer
could
be
made
by
fermenting
solutions
of
malt
and
hops
began
the
study
of
biotechnology .
when
the
first
bakers
found
that
could
make
a
soft
,
spongy
bread
rather than a firm , thin cracker , they were acting as fledgling biotechnologists . the
first animal breeders , realizing that different physical traits could be either magnified
or
lost
by
mating
appropriate
pairs
of
animals
,
engaged
in
the
manipulations
of
biotechnology .

Two:
Status of genetically modified foods :


As we know
，
modern biotechnology has brought human numerous benefits
：
through
the
application
of

biotechnology
a
broad
and
significant
increase
of
food
production

can be happily seen at global agricultural production . Since 1983 when
the
time
human
got
transgenic
tobacco
,
potato
by
using
recombinant
DNA
technology
，

the
plant
genetic
engineering
technology
in
the
world
has
achieved
rapid
development
of
transgenic
plants
for
research
and
development
,
which
has
made a series of remarkable progress and has successfully nurture a number of crops
with disease-resistance , insecticide resistance and even an incredible high-yield. With
the hope of them , we can feed another more than million of people , According


to
statistics
,
up
to
now
,
no
less
than
1.6
billion
people
have
benefits
from
biotechnology . in the word biotechnology . what must be mentioned is BT cotton and
hybrid rice of Yuan Longping .




Commercialize
genetically
modified
crops
dates
from
the
year
of
1996
,
including soybeans, cotton , cereals and oilseed rape. GM crops now occupy 10
％

of
global arable land . in 2010 81
％

of worldwide soybean , 64
％

cotton
，
29
％

and
23
％

of
the
grain
is
genetically
modified
oilseed
rape
.
29
countries
grom
GM
products all over the world .the top three country with the largest area of cultivation is
US
,Brazil and Argentina . The problem about
the safety of GM products
has been
controversial. Genetically modified food will bring human and animal allergens and
toxins of unknown.
Three
：
GM food safety issues

International consensus has been reached on the principles regarding evaluation of
the food safety of genetically modified plants The concept of substantial equivalence
has been developed as part of a safety evaluation framework , based on the idea that
existing
foods
can
serve
as
a
basis
for
comparing
the
properties
of
genetically
modified foods with the appropriate counterpart . Application of the concept is not a
safety assessment perse
，
but help to identity similarities and difference between the
exiting
food
and
the
new
product
，
which
are
then
subject
to
further
toxicology
investigation . Substantial equivalence is starting point in the safety evaluation ,rather
then
an
endpoint
of
the
assessment
.Consensus
on
practical
application
of
the
principle should be further elaborated . Experience with
the safety testing of newly
inserted proteins and of current test methodology are discussed .The development and
validation
of
new
profiling
method
such
as
DNA
microarray
technology
，
proteomics
，
and metabolomics for the identification and characterized of unintended
effect
，
which may occur as a result of the genetic modification , is recommended .the
assessment
of
the
allergenicity
of
newly
inserted
proteins
and
of
marker
genes
is
discuss . An issue that will gain important in the near future is that of post-marking
surveillance
of
the
foods
derived
from
genetically
modified
crops
.
It
is
concluded
,among
others
that
，
that
application
of
the
principle
of
substantial
equivalence has proven adequate
，
and that no alternative adequate safety assessment

strategies are available .
At an early stage in the introduction of recombinant-DNA technology in modern
plant breeding and biotechnological food production systems, efforts began to define
internationally harmonized evaluation strategies for the safety of foods derived from
genetically
modified
organisms
(GMOs).
Two
years
after
the
first
successful
transformation
experiment
in
plants
(tobacco)
in
1988,
the
International
Food
Biotechnology
Council
(IFBC)
published
the
first
report
on
the
issue
of
safety
assessment of these new varieties (IFBC, 1990). The comparative approach described
in
this
report
has
laid
the
basis
for
later
safety
evaluation
strategies.
Other
organizations, such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development