加高课程名称 生物专业英语

2021年1月20日发(作者：sensation)

课程名称

生物专业英语

英文名称

Special English for Biology


【
课程编号
】

【
学分数
】

【
学时数
】
34

【
课程类别
】专业选修课

【
适用专业
】生物科学

【
编写日期
】
2013.7.31
一、教学目标

生物专业英语是面向生物科学、
技术高年级本科生开设的限选课程，
本课程教学内容主要涉及 普
通生物、微生物学、遗传学、分子生物学等领域的专业基础知识。通过本课程，向学生介绍如何撰写< br>科技论文、
投稿等方面的知识；
扩大专业英语的词汇量，
掌握专业英语书刊的阅 读技巧、了解文献检
索及写作知识。

二、教学内容和学时分配

Lesson One

Inside the living cell:structure and function of internal cell parts


4
学时

主要内容：

1
．
Glossary
Actin, centriole, chemotaxis, chloroplast, chromosome, cilia, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, dynein, flagella,
lysosome,
microfilament,
microtubule,
mitochondrion,
myosin,
nucleoid,
nucleoli,
nucleus,
phagocytosis,
pinocytosis,
plastid,
polysome,
ribosome,
stroma,
tubulin,
vacuole
，

endoplasmic
reticulum,
nuclear
envelope, golgi complex, basal body
2
．
重点句型分析分析

(1)This quantity reflects the fact that ribosomes are the sits at which ammo acids are assembled into
proteins for export or for use in cell processes.
(2)During
protein
synthesis
the
two
subunits
move
along
a
strand
of
mRNA,
”reading”
the
genetic
sequence coded in it and translating that sequence into protein.
(3)Both types of endoplasmic reticulum serve as compartments within the cell where specific products
can be isolated and subsequently shunted to particular areas in or outside the cell.
(4)A
subset
of
vacuoles
is
the
organelles
known
as
lysosomes,
which
contain
digestive
enzymes(packaged in lysosomes in the golgi complex)that can break down most biological macromolecules.
(5)It is on the large surface area provided by the inner cristae of mitochondria that ATP-generatating
enzymes are located.
3
．
Exercises
4
．
Symbols Commonly Used

教学要求：

使学生掌握细胞的组成结构（各种细胞器以及它们在细胞中的位置），以及结构与功能之间的关
系。各细胞器及功能相关英语词汇以及主要用法。

重点、难点：

重点：
各细胞器的概念和功能，及相关英语词汇的掌握。

难点
：专业英语词汇的记忆。

Lesson Two

photosynthesis

6
学时

主要内容：

1
．
单词

Carotenoid,
chlorophyll,
chloropladt,
C3
plant,
C4
plant,
photon,
photophosphorylation,
photorespiration, photosynthesis, photosystem, thylakoid
2
．
词组

Absorption
spectrum,
calvin_benson
cycle,
cyclic
photophosphorylation,
light-dependent
reactions,
light-independent reactions, noncyclic photophosphorylation, rebulose biphosphate
3
．
重点句型分析

(1)During
the
light-dependent
reactions
of
photosynthesis,as
the
absorbing
molecule
returns
to
the
ground state, the “excess”excitation energy is transmitted to other molecules and stored as chemical energy.

(2)Light
striking
any
one
of
the
pigment
molecules
is
funneled
to
a
special
chlorophyll
a
molecule,
termed a reaction-center chlorophyll, which directly participates in photosynthesis.
(3)This
packaging
takes
place
through
a
series
of
oxidation- reduction
reactions
set
in
motion
when
light strikes the p680 reaction center in photosystem II.
(4)The
one-way
flow
of
electrons
through
photosystems
II
and
I
is
called
noncyclic
photophosphorylation;
plants
also
derive
additional
ATP
through
cyclic
photophosphorylation,
in
which
some electrons are shunted back through the electron transport chain between photosystems II and I.
(5)The
pigment
chlorophyll
in
plant
cells
absorbs
photons
within
a
particular
absorption
spectrum-a
statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
4
．
Exercises
教学要求：

使学生掌握细胞的光合作用机理，
光合系统Ⅰ与光合系统Ⅱ结构与功能之间的关系。
相 关英语词
汇以及主要用法。

重点、难点：

重点：
光合作用中相关的概念和功能，及相关英语词汇的掌握。

难点
：专业英语词汇的记忆。

Lesson three

cellular reproduction: mitosis and meiosis

4
学时

主要内容：

1
．
单词：

anaphase, centromere, chalone, chromatid, chromatin, cytokinesis, diploid, haploid, histone, karyotype,
meiosis, metaphase, mitosis, nucleosome, prophase, spindle, telophase
2
．
词组：

cell plate, homologous pair, interphase(cycle), metaphase plate
3
．
重点句型分析：

(1)The
fourth
phase of
the
cell
cycle
is
M
phase,
the
period
of
mitosis,
during
which
the
replicated
chromosomes condense and move and the cell divides.

(2)During prophase, other microtubules, the centromeric fibers, extend outward from the spindle poles
to structures on the chromosomes called kinetochores.
(3)In
animals
it
is
associated
with
centriole,
while
in
plant
and
fungal
cells
spindle
formation
is
associated with regions called microtubule organizing centers.
(4)Meiosis is a special form of cell division that takes place in the reproductive organs that produce sex
cells.
(5)Durin this phase the homologous chromosome undergo synapsis, or pairing, which is brought about
by a bridging structure of proteins and RNA called the synaptinemal complex.
(6)It is this event that results in the halving of the chromosome number in the four



daughter cells
that result from meiosis.
(7)
The
advantages
of
this
type
of
reproduction
are
that
it
preserves
the
parent’s
successful
genetic
complement,
requires
little
or
no
specialization
of
reproductive
organs,
and
is
more
rapid
than
sexual
reproduction.
4
．
Exercises
教学要求：

使学生掌握细胞的 有丝分裂和无丝分裂的作用机理，有丝分裂和无丝分裂之间的区别和相同点。
相关英语词汇以及主要用法 。

重点、难点：

重点：
有丝分裂和无丝分裂中相关的概念和功能，及相关英语词汇的掌握。

难点
：专业英语词汇的记忆，虚拟语气与强调句的用法。

Lesson four

Foundations of genetics



4
学时

教学内容：


1
．
单词：

allele, dominant, gene, genotype, heterozygous, homozygous, nondisjunction, pangenesis, phenotype,
recessive
2
．
词组：

dihybrid
cross,
germ
plasm
theory,
incomplete
dominance,
law
of
independent
assortment,
law
of
segregation, punnett square, test cross