report是什么意思英国文学选读 复习资料 罗经国

2021年1月20日发(作者：lovely什么意思)
Chapter 1
1.

Earliest settlers--- Celts
2.

55 B.C. TO 407 A.D. ---Roman Empire(London was founded)
3.

演变
Celts- Romans
–
Anglo-Saxon
–
English
4.

Julius Caesar , the first general came to British
5.

500A.D. THE founder of the kingdom wessex, the Celts King Arthur.




His
followers
,
who
were
know
as
the
knights
of
the
round
table,
fight
for
their
kingdom
against the AS invaders.
6.

9
th
century, King Alfred , the great of

Wessex lead the AS kings to defeat the invaders
by uniting their forces.

7.

the Norman Conquest





1066, Duck of Normandy came from Normandy to attack England to gets the land promise to
be given to him for protecting from the Danes invasion by Edward
Ⅱ
. And Normandy beat
the Harold at the Hesting.
8.

Two highlight in the development of AS literature

A. Northumrian School
1
the first AS poet ---Caedmon

○


The earliest English poet. According to Bede, he was an elderly herdsman who received the
power of song in a vision.
2
Vernerable
Bede,
A
monk
write
in
Lain
Ecclesiastical
History
of
the
English
○
People> Father of English History
B. the reign of Alfred Contribution
1
translate a number of Latin books into West Saxon dialect





○
2






○
3
created a style of Anglo-Saxon Prose





○
9.

A long epic poetry
长篇叙事诗



A.

the earliest heroic poetry

B.

the most significant poetry
C.

existed in oral form as early as the 6
th
century

D.

Beowulf is a mixture of paganism and Christian elements
10.

Difference between Old Eng poetry , later poetry is technical structure

11.

There are two poetic features of Old English poetry: alliteration and kenning.
Chapter 2

1.

流行
Romance
主要写
Knights
2.

Duke William of Normandy. The Norman Conquest in 1066 accelerated the development
of feudalism
封建主义
in ENG

3.

Categories
of
Romances:
The
matter
of
Erance
,the
matter
of
Rome
,
the
matter
of
Britain
4.

Middle ENG:
A.

words that are related with enjoyment and pleasure are usually of the French origin
B.

many inflectional form of words were dropped
C.

formal grammar simplified
5.

Medieval Romance (Subject Matters)
A. matter of French (Charlemagne the Great, Roland, )
B. matter of Rome (Alexander the Great, The siege of Troy)
C. Britain the Arthurian Legend
By Sir Gawain, Launce lot, Marlin, the quest for Holy Grail, the Death of King Arthur.
Chapter 3 Age of Chaucer
1.

The Hundreds
’
Years War is an awakening of national Consciousness in ENG
,the French
heroine Joan of Arc
贞德

2.

Geoffrey Chaucer (Buried in the Poets
’
Conner in Westminster Abbey)
A.

Father of Eng poetry
B.

The work of Geoffrey Chaucer

1
influenced by French literature



○
2
influenced by Boccaccio



○
3

坎特伯雷故事集



○




The general prologue
总序
is the best part of it.
3.

the significances of
A.

Gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer
’
s time
B.

The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended
高度赞赏
by critics

C.

Geoffrey Chaucer
’
s humor
D.

Chaucer
’
s contribution to ENG language
E.

Perhaps the greatest work in Middle English
4.

John Wycliff
A.

father of ENG prose
B.

one of the first figures who demanded to reform church
C.

the one translate Bible into standard ENG
5.

William Langland
Chapter 4

1.

main events
A.

The war of the Rose ,the thirty Years War(the house of Lancaster/Red, the house of York)
B.

The discovery of American and the new sea routes

C.

Reformation
of
church.
Henry
Ⅷ

found
the
Anglican
Church,
break
away
from
the
church of Rome.
2.

Ballad: a narrative poem that tells a story
3.

Characters of Ballads
A.

the beginning is often abrupt
B.

have strong dramatic elements
C.

the story is told through dialogue and action
D.

the theme is often tragic
E.

the meter
格律
is used (contains four-line stanzas, the odd numbered line
奇数
four feet,
the even numbered line
偶数
three feet. Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines.)
4.

Ballads
A.

A legendary hero living during the reign of Richard the Lion Heated
金
雀花王朝

B.

By Sir Thomas Mallory prefect the king Arthur
5.

Early ENG Plays(the 14
th
)developed into(mystery Plays
神秘剧，

miracle plays
奇迹剧
)
6.

The flourishing of drama
the reason: no other entertainment ,both rich and poor can go to there
Chapter 5

英国文学史上三次高潮

15
th
ENG Renaissance
—

19
th

上
Romantic
—
19
th

下

Victoria
1.

The Background
Queen Elizabeth , defeat the Spanish Armada
无敌舰队
, mighty naval power
强有力的海军
.
2.

Humanism
人文主义
Rebirth(
文艺复兴的时代精神
)
Humanism Renaissance is a French word which means
“
rebirth
”
in ENG
3.

人文主义的解释及价值观

1
sacrifice the happiness
According to the Humanist scholars it was against human nature to
○
2
man should be given full freedom to enrich
of the life for an after life. They argued that
○
their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church,
In
art
and
literati
on,
instead
of
happiness
in
his
life.
Humanism
shattered
the
shackles
of
spiritual
bondage
of
man
’
s
mind
by
the
Roman
catholic
church
and
opened
his
eyes
to
“
a
brave new world
”
in front of him.
4.

Edmund Spenser
5.

The University Wits
A.

Robert Greene
B.

Thomas Kyd
C.

Christopher
Marlowetragic
History
of
Doctor
Faustus>
The
blank
Verse
无韵诗
Unrhymed iambic pentameter
6.

William Shakespeare

A.

发展



1
Early years of his apprenticeship
学徒期

○
2
Growth and development

○
3
gloom and depression
○
4
restored serenity
○
B.

achievement
1
represented the trend of history in giving write to the desires and aspiration of people
○
2
S
’
humanism: He had firm belief in the mobility of human nature and in the power of love
○
3
S
’
characterization, S
’
characters are round
丰满的而非
flatter
扁平

○
4
originality
○
5
as a great poet in sonnets

○
6
master of the Eng language
○
7.

Four Tragedy : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, The Tragedy of Macbeth

8.

Sonnets (Italy/Petrarch
’
s
—
the first one, S
’
s)
A.

definition

A short song in the original meaning of the word become a poet of 14 lines.
Usually in iambic pentameter
抑扬格

五音步

with various rhyming schemes.
B.

Sonnet, 3 quatrains, 1 couplet (Shakespeare
’
s )
9.

S
’
s sonnets are different from Petrach
’
s.

Petrach
’
s sonnets is divided into an octave(
八音
) which typically rhymes abba abba , and a
sestet, which may have varying rhyme schemes.
Shakespeare
’
s sonnets (English sonnets)consists of 3 quatrains and 1 couplet ,which typically
rhyme abab cdcd efef gg .ends with a surprised conclusion or a shift of ideas.
Petrach






abba

abba

/ cde

cde
Shakespeare


abab

cdcd


efef / gg

10.

Hamlet
—
Humanist (melancholy
忧郁

procrastination
优柔寡断
)
Chapter 6

From Age of Elizabeth to Glorious Revolution
1.

Background(the ENG bourgeois revolution
资产阶级革命，农民与贵族阶级，
Anglican

church
与
Puritanical

Church)
2.

Glorious Revolution 1688
In
1688,
William
signed
Bill
of
Rights>
presented
by
Parliament,
which
greatly
restricted
the
power
of
English
King
hence
four
ENGLAND
has
become
a
country
of
constitutional monarchy.
君主立宪制

3.

The King James Bible of 1611
Old Testament in Hebrews

New Testament in Greek
The earliest English translations of the Bible date back to Caedmon, Bade and King Alfred.
4.

Francis Bacon. Praised by Marx as
“
the pioneer of Eng Materialism
唯心主义
”

5.


目的：
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, for ability.
功效：
History make man wise; poetry witly; mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep;
moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
方法：
Books are able to be tasked, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and
digested.
6.

玄学派特点（
Metaphysical Poets
）
John Donne
Metaphysical
Poets
describe
a
school
of
highly
intellectual
poetry
marked
by
hold
and
ingenious conceits
（奇思妙喻）
incongruous imagery. Complexity of thought, frequent use of
Paradox, and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression.
7.

Main theme of Metaphysical Poets: love, death and religion
Main theme of Cavalier(
骑士派
)
：
Carpe Diem
及时行乐

8.

Cavalier: Carpe diem<
Ａ
Valediction
：
forbidding mourning >
A breach, but an expansion
Like gold to airy thinness beat
If they be two, they are two so.
As stiff twin compasses are two.
THEME,
他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的真爱。

9.

John Milton(Puritan Writer)
10.


A.

Milton
’
s master piece and one of the greatest poems in world literate.
B.

Satan, the most impressive character

Better to

reign in Hell than Serve in Heaven

C.

Meaning: