腐蚀英文英国文学 名词解释 简答题 期末复习

2021年1月20日发(作者：doat)

Literary Terms
1.

Epic:
a long narrative celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes,
in
a
grand
ceremonious
style./
a
long
verse
narrative
dealing
with
important
historical or legendary figures or events.
2.

Alliteration:
the repetition of the same sounds-usually initial consonants of words
or of stressed syllables- in any sequence of neighboring of words./ the use of the
same letter or sound at the beginning of words in a line of a poem.

3.

Middle English
：
The English language in the transitional stage from old English
to
modern
English
through
some
four
centuries
(12-15)
of
development
and
change has been known as Middle English.

4.

Blank verse:
the unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.
5.

Renaissance:
the
―
rebirth
‖

of
literature,
art,
and
learning
that
progressively
transformed European culture from
the mid-14
th
century in
Italy to
the
mid-17
th

century in England, strongly influenced by the rediscovery of classical Greek and
Latin literature, and accelerated by the development of printing. The Renaissance
is commonly held to mark the close of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the
modern Western world.

6.

Humanism:

a
19
th

century
term
for
the
values
and
ideal
of
the
European
Renaissance, which placed a new emphasis on the expansion of human capacities.
Reviving
the
study
of
Greek
and
Roman
history,
arts,
and
philosophy,
the
Renaissance humanists developed an image of
―Man‖
more positive and hopeful
than that of medieval ascetic Christianity: rather than a miserable sinner awaiting
redemption from a pit of fleshly corruption.
7.

Anglo-Norman
Romance:
a
fictional
story
in
verse
or
prose
that
relates
improbable adventures of idealized characters in some remote or enchanted setting;
or, more generally, a tendency in fiction opposite to that of realism. /
―
Romance
‖

in this period refers to some verse narrative that sings of knightly adventures or
other heroic deeds and usually emphasizes the chivalric love of the Middle Ages
in England.

8.

Allegory
：
a
story
in
which
the
characters
and
events
are
used
as
symbols
to
express some religious, political or moral idea.

9.

Heroic
Couplets:
a
rhymed
pair
of
iambic
pentameter
lines.
/
lines
of
iambic
pentameter in rhyming couplets.

10.

Ballads:
are

anonymous
narrative
songs
that
have
been
preserved
by
oral
transmission.
They
are
most
characteristic
of
primitive
societies
of
the
English
–
Scottish border region in the later Middle Ages. The story is told simply, briefly,
impersonally, and often with vivid dialogue.

11.

Ballad Meter:
ballad meter contains 4- line stanzas, with the alternation of 4-and
3- feet verse to the odd and even numbered lines (sometimes all four lines are in
octosyllabics), and rhyming on the second and fourth lines
12.

Neoclassicism:
as a rule, often employed against Romanticism, the term has also
been
used
to
describe
the
characteristic
world-view
of
the
Age
of
Reason,
denoting a preference fro rationality, clarity, restraint, order, and decorum, and for
general truths rather than particular insights.

13.

Spenserian Stanza:
an English poetic stanza of nine iambic lines, the first eight
being
pentameters
while
the
ninth
is
a
longer
line.
The
rhyme
scheme
is
ababbcbcc.
The stanza is named after Edmund Spenser. / a nine-line stanza with
the rhyme scheme of
ababbcbcc
with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and
the last line in hexameter.

14.

One- man tragedy:
begins with the rise of the hero from his humble origin to the
zenith of his success and ends with his downfall or death.

15.

Metaphysical Poets:
the name given to a diverse group of 17
th
century English
poets whose work is notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological
concepts
in
surprising conceits, strange paradoxes,
and far-fetched imagery.
The
leading poet is John Donne.

16.

Comedy
of
Manners:
a
kind
of
comedy
representing
the
complex
and
sophisticated
code
of
behavior
current
in
fashionable
circles
of
society,
where
appearances
count
for
more
than
true
moral
character.
Its
plot
usually
revolves
around intrigues
of lust and greed, the self-interested cynicism of the characters
being masked by decorous pretence.

17.

Gothic Novel:
a story of terror and suspense, usually set in a gloomy old castle or
monastery.

18.

Sonnet:
a
lyric
poem
comprising
14
rhyming
lines
of
equal
length,
iambic
pentameters in English.

19.

University
Wits:

a
group
of
English
poets
and
playwrights
who
established
themselves in London in the 1580s and 1590s after attending at either Oxford or
Cambridge. The most important member of the group was Christopher Marlowe.

A
1
．
Please
make
some
comments
upon
the
great
significances
and
the
progressive
views on man in Geoffrey Chaucer
’
s
―The
Canterbury Tales
‖
.

2.
Please
summarize
―
Paradise
Lost
‖

briefly
and
illustrate
the
importance
of
John
Milton in the English literary history.



B
3.
Please
give
a
brief
introduction
of
William
Shakespeare
and
his
Hamlet.
It
must
contain a general comment on Shakespeare, a summary of the drama, the theme of the
drama, and Shakespeare
’
s literary innovation in
Hamlet.


4.
Please
summarize
briefly
the
main
literary
characteristics
in
the
age
of
Enlightenment.

A

1.

Chaucer’s
masterpiece,
―
The Canterbury Tales
’
is one of the most famous works
in all literature. (2) It is characterized by the principle of realism and humanism.(3) In
it, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his
country, and irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it
had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16
th
century. (5) As a representative
of a transitional period, Chaucer is not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices.(2) His
work
is
permeated
with
free-thinking,
so
characteristic
of
the
age
of
Renaissance
whose
immediate
forerunner
Chaucer
thus
becomes.(2)
He
believes
in
the
right
of