队长的英文英国文学史复习资料

2021年1月20日发(作者：relax)
Beowulf
English literature began with
the Anglo-Saxon settlement in f is
the national
epic of the
English people.
Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental main stories
are
evidently
folk
legends
of
primative
Northern

most
striking
feature
of
Beowulf
is
the
use
of
alliteration
（头韵）
.In
alliterative
verse,certain
accented
word
in
a
line
begin
with
the
same
consonant
sound,there
are
generally
4
accents
in
a
line,three
of
which
show

features
are
the
use
of
metaphors and of understatements(
掩饰
). ―Ring
-
giver‖ is
used
for king, ―sea
-
wood‖for al humour
is often regarded as a permanentcharacteristic of English.
Chaucer (About 1340-1400.)



His literature career can be divided into three periods:French Period (The Romaunt of the Rose) ,Italian
Period,England s and Criseyde is his longest complete poem(8000 lines) and his greatest artistic

Canterbury
Tales
is
Chaucer’s
masterpiece
and
one
of
the
monumental
works
in
English

the
stand
of
the
rising
bourgeoisie,he
affi
rms
men
and
women’s
right
to
pursue
their
happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism(
禁欲主义
) preached by the a forerunner of
humanism,he
praises
man’s
energy,intellect,quick
wit
and
love
of
r’s
language,called
Middle
English,is
vivid
and
bution
to
English
poetry
lies
chiefly
in
the
fact
that
he
introduced
from
France the rhymed stanza of various types,especially the rhymed couplet(
双韵诗体
)of 5 accents in iambic(
抑扬
格
) meter(the heroic couplet)to English poetry,instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.
Marlowe(1564-1593)





plays
show
the
spirit
of
the
rising

theme
of
the
plays
is
the
praise
of
individuality
freed from the restraintsof medieval dogmas and law,and the conviction of the boundless possiblity of human
efforts in conquering the heroes in his plays are merely individualists.

He was the greatest of the pioneers of English is the father of drama and tragedy.
Shakespeare(1564-1616)
The first period(1590-1594) the apprenticeship part
The second period(1595-1600)the historical part. His sonnets written in this period. The sonnet is a poem in
14lines
with
one
or
the
other
rhyme
scheme,a
form
much
in
vogue
in
Renaissance
Europe,especially
in
Italy,France and 1609 appeared.




The third period(1601-1607)the tragedy part
The forth peorid(1608-1612)the comedt and tragedy part
narrative 1593 his first published poem.

Feature: is one of the founders of realism in world dramatic creation often used the method
of long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired
make him a master hand for is skilled in many poetic was a great master of the
English language.
Milton(1608-1674)
Early
poems:<
On
the
morning
of
Christ’s
Nativity>
and
Penseroso>.
His
work
as
the
spokesman of the revolution.radise Lost>is Milton’s masterpiece.12 books,written in blank verse.

was political in both life and his wrote the greatest epic in English is a master
of
blank

first
used
blank
verse
in
non-dramatic

is
a
great

has
always
been
admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.
The Enlightenment and classicism in English Literature
Enlightenment
The
eighteenth-century
England
is
also
known
as
the
Age
of
Enlightenment
or
the
Age
of
Reason.
The
Enlightenment
Movement
was
a
progressive
movement
which
flourished
in
France
and
swept
through the whole Western Europe at the Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then
progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the
fifteenth
and
sixteenth
centuries.
Its
purpose
was
to
enlighten
the
whole
world
with
the
light
of
modern
philosophical
and
artistic
ideas.

The
enlighteners
fought
against
class
inequality,
stagnation,
prejudices
and
other survivals of feudalism. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. They held
that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called
for a reference to order, reason and rules.

Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers are:
Alexander Pope

Joseph Addison


Sir Richard Steele



Jonathan Swift
Samuel Richardson


Daniel Defoe

Henry Fielding


Samuel Johnson

Classicism

Addison,Steele and Pope belonged to the school of couplet
（偶句诗）

instead of
blank verse,the three unitiesof time,place and action,regularity in construction,and the presentation of types
rather than individuals
。

Pope(1688-1744)
He is the most important English poet in the first half of the 18
th
century.1711 this is a
didactic poem written in heroic couplets..Pope was an outstanding enlightener and the
greatest
English
poet
the
classical
school
in
the
first
half
of
the
18
th

century,he
was
a
master
in
the
art
of

is
the
most
important
representative
of
the
English
classical

was
an
example
of
conscious literary artist.
Swift(1667-1745)
staff Almanac>
Style:

He is one of
the
greatest
masters
of
English
language
is
simple,clear
and

simple,direct
and
precise
prose,Swift is almost unsurpassed in English lliterature.
Fielding(1707-1754)
Fielding was a man of extraordinary vitality and capacity. He was a dramatist, an essayist and a novelist. His
fame is established chiefly upon his success as a novelist. Joseph Andrews (1742), his first novel .The History of
Jonathan Wild the Great (1743)The History of Tome Jones, A Foundling (1749) , his was called
the
―father
of
the
English
novel‖.

Fielding
set
up
the
theory
of
realism
in
literary
creation.
He
wrote
specifically

works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of the common life as it is.
Blake(1757-1827)
His position in English literature: the representative of pre- romanticist.

His main works:Songs of Innocence (1789)The Marriage of Heaven and Hell(1790)Songs of Experience (1794)
Wordsworth(1770-1850)

Industrial Revolution

Early
decades----Romantic
Movement:William
Wordsworth,
Samuel
dge,George
G
.
Byron,
Percy
Shelly,
John
Keats,
Walter
Scott,
Jane
-19th
century--- Realistic
Movement:
Charles
Dickens,
William
Thackeray,
Charlotte
Bronte,
Emily
Bronte,
George
Eliot,
Alfred
Tennyson,
Matthew

decades---Naturalism, Neo-Romanticism and Aestheticism: George Gissing, Robert Louis Stevenson and Oscar
Wilde. His poetry distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his theory and practice in poetical
creation started from a
satisfaction with social reality under capitalism,and hinted at the thought of ―back to
nature‖ and ―back to the patriarchal system of the old time.‖Many a critic has pointed out that nearly all his
good poetry was written during the first decade of his literary career.
Byron(1788-1824)
Harold’s
Pilgrimage>
is
written
in
the
Spenserian
stanza
,i.e.
a
9-line
stanza
rhymes
ababbcbcc,in
which the eight lines are in iambic pentameter while the ninth in iambic hexameter. is 16000 lines
long,in 16 canos and written in ottava rima.
Shelley(1792-1822)

Keats(1795-1821)
Five long poems.

learned
his
poetical
art
mainly
from
the
poets
of
the
English
Renaissance(Spenser
and
Shakespeare),from Milton and from Dante,the national poet of most important are his sonnets and
’s
personality
seems
to
be
breathed
into
his
ode
of
which
to
Autumn>,on
Melanchcholy>,.
Dickens(1812-1870)