jdz英美文学 总结

2021年1月20日发(作者：bourjois)
英国文学资料




period
of
Old
English
Literature
extends
from
about
the
year of 450 to the year of 1066.
significant event which the commencement of medieval
period in English literature is Norman Conquest in the year
of 1066,and the medieval literature in Britain covers about
four centuries.
3
.Romance

is
the
most
popular
literature
form
in
the
medieval
period.

English
poets
produced
the
national
epic
poem,
Beowulf,
and
a
number
of
more
or
less
lyrical
poemsof
shorter
length,
which do not contain specific Christian doctrines but evoke
the Anglo Saxon sense of the harshness of circumstance and
the sadness of the human lot.
r
alone
who,
for
the
first
time
in
English
literature,
presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the
English society of his time and created a whole gallery of
vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece
The
Canterbury
Tales.
admired
as
the
father
of
English
Poetry.

一、
The Renaissance Period (14th--mid-17th century)
1.
The
cradle
of
the
Renaissance
is
Italy,
and
the
essential
characteristics of it are rising of Humanism and the
Reformation of Christianity.
2.
The
Elizabethan
drama
is
the
real
mainstream
of
the
Engish
Renaissane, and it's most important representative is
Shakespeare.
1. Edmund Spenser
埃德蒙
.
斯宾塞

the poet's poet
the Faerie Queene: Arthur and Gloriana, the Faity
Queen allegorical poem; the theme is Fierce wares and
faithfull loves
the Shepherds Calender
Epithalanmion

2. Christopher Marlowe
克里斯多夫
.
马洛

drama:Tamburlaine, Dr. Faustus, The Jew of Malta
non-dramatic poetry: Hero and Leander, the Passionate
Shepherd to His Love
achievements:he perfected the blank verse, his creation of
the Renaissance hero for English drama.

3. William Shakespeare
威廉
.
莎士比亚

is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets of
the world has ever known.
history plays: Henry Vi, Richard II, King John, Henry IV,
comedies:the Comedy of Errors, the tow gentlemen of verona,
the taming of the shrew, love's labour's lost, A Midsummer
Night's
Dream,
the
merchant
of
venice,
much
ado
about
nothing,
as
you
like
it,
twelf
night,
the
merry
wives
of
windsor
,
all's
well that ends well, measure for measure.
tragedies:
Romeo
and
Juliet
,
Julius
Caesar,
Hamlet,
Othello,
King
Lear,
Macbeth,
Antony
and
Cleopatra
《安东尼和克娄巴特拉》
,
Troilus and Cressida, Coriolanus
trgicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The winter's tale , The
telpest
greatest tragedieys are : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and
Macbeth
麦克白
.
2.
Why is Hamlet so impressive in Shakespeare's Hamlet?
The
hero
Hamlet
in
Shakespeare's
play
Hamlet
is
noted
for
his
hesitation
to
take
his
revenge,
his
melancholy
nature
of
action only to deny possibilities to do anythings . He came
to know that his father was mudered by his uncle who became
king. He
hated
him
so
deeply
that he wanted to kill him. But
he
loved
his
widowed
mother
who
later
married
his
uncle.
Thins
made
hime
deep
in
trouble.
When
he
planned
to
kill
his
uncle,
he
was
afraid
to
hurt
his
mother
.
And
also
,when
everything
was ready for him to kill his uncle, he forgave him for his
uncle
was
praying
to
God
for
his
crime.
Thus
he
lost
the
good
chance. Hamlet represented humanism of his time.
3. sonnet 18, a nice summer's day is usually transient, but
the
beauty
in
poetry
can
last
for
ever.
thus
Shakespeare
has
faith in the permanence of poetry.

4. Francis Bacon
弗兰西斯
.
培根

1.
Bacon's
achievements
mainly
lie
in
the
fields
of
Philosophy,
science and essay writing.
2.
The
master
piece
of
Bacon
which
opened
a
new
genre
in
English
literature is Essays, and his most important philosophical
works include The Advancement of Learing and Novum Organum.
3. The sentences
and
for
ability
and

books
are
to
be
tased, others
to
be
swallowed,
and
some
few
to
be
chewed
and
digested;....are
quoted Of Studies


5. John Donne
约翰
.
邓恩

玄学派诗人
Metaphysical poetry
it
is
a
term
commonly
used
to
name
the
work
of
the
17th
century
writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a
rebellious spirit, the metaphysical of the Elizabethan love
poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the
Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared
with that of the Elizabethan or the neoclassic periods and
echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery
is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that
of an argument with the poet's beloved, with God, or with
himeself.
（
conceit
）

Donne's
masterpiece
are
The
Songs
and
Sonnets
which
contains
most of
his
early
lyrics
with
the theme of love and The Holy
Sonnets which focused on religion.
邓恩 在塑造女性形象时，
几乎不去描述她外在的美艳，
他的诗文中很难见到玫瑰
红色的香腮 与皓齿樱唇之类的词眼。
邓恩真正的兴趣在于细腻地刻画恋爱中的感
觉与状态。


6. John Milton
约翰
.
弥尔顿

's three major poetic works are Paradise Lost,
Paridise Regained, and Samson Agonistes, among
which Paradise Lost is te greatest ,indeed the only
universally acknowledged epic in English literature since
Beowulf,
and
Samson
Agonistes
is
the
most
perfect
example
of
the verse drama after the Greek style in Engish.
2.
Milton's
epic
poems
were
very
much
inflenced
by
the
Bible
and the Greek Classics, which are also the major sources of
the whole English literature.


二、
The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798)
Neoclassical period refers to the one in English
literature between the return the Stuarts to the English
throne in 1660 and the full assertion of Romanticism which
came with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by wordsworth
and Coleridge in 1798.
2. The two dominent political events in the period are the
English
Bourgeois
Revolution
and
a
vast
expansion
of
British
colonies.
3.
The
18th
century
england
is
known
as
the
age
of
Enlightenment
启蒙
or the age of Reason.
the introduction of the Enlightenment Movement into
England,
a
revival
of
interest
in
the
old
calssical
works
was
in full swing. This tendency is known as neoclassicism.
According
to
the
neoclassicists,
all
forms
of
literature
were
to
be
modeled
after
the
classical
works
of
the
ancient
Greek
and
Roman
writers
and
those
of
the
contemporary
French
ones.
They believed that the artistic ideals should be order,
logic,restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature
should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.
1. John Bunyan
约翰
.
班扬

the pilgrim's progress
天路历程（
allegory
寓言）

2. Alexander Pope
亚历山大
.
蒲柏

as
a
representative
of
the
Enlightenment,
Pope
was
one
of
the
first to introduce rationalism to england.
作为启蒙主义时期的
代表人物，蒲柏第一个将理性主义引入英国。

Pope made his name as a great poet with the publication of
An Essay on Criticism.
The Dunciad, generally considered
Pope's best satiric work.
the
poem,
as
a
comprehensive
study
of
the
theories
of
literary
criticism,
exerted
great
influence
upon
Pope's
contemporary
writers in advocating the classical rules and popularizing
the neoclassicist tradition in England.
《论 批评》
是对文学批评理论的全面研究，
对同时期作家们产生了深远影响，
倡
导 了古典主义标准在英国普及了新古典主义。

3. Daniel Defoe
丹尼尔
.
笛福

Robinson Crusoe
why did Robinson Crusoe become so successful when it was
published?
Robinson
Crusoe
is supposedly
based
on
the
real
adventure
of an Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone on the
uninhabited island Juan Fernandez for five years, is ,in
fact ,a work of sheer imagination. in the story the author
described
inviting
plots
of
Robinson
Crusoe
who
survived
and
lived
quite
well
on
an
island
after
the
shipwreck.
In
Robinson
Crusoe,
Defoe
traces
the
growth
of
Robinson
from
a
naive
and
artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by
numerous trials in his eventful life. The realistic accound
of the successful struggle of Robinson here is a real hero:
a typical eighteenth century English middle-class man, with
a great capacity for work,in exhaustible energy, courage,
patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in
struggling
against
the
hostile
natural
environment.
He
is
te
very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.
Robinson
Crusoe
is
an
adventure
story
very
much
in
the
spirit
of
the
time.
So
when
it
was
published
,people
all
liked
that
story ,and it became an immediate success.
4. Johathan Swift
乔纳森
.
斯威夫特（
bitter satire
）

Gulliver's travels
（
yahoo
）
, A Modest Proposal
5. Henry Fielding
享利
.
菲尔丁

菲 尔丁被一些人尊为

英国小说之父

，在所有十八世纪的小说家中他第一个在理论与实践上创造了

散文体喜剧史诗

，并第一个为现代小说确立了结构与 风
格。代表作《汤姆
.
琼斯》

Fielding
has
been
regarded
by
some
as

of
the
English
Novel,
for
his
contribution
to
the
establishment
of
the
form
of the modern novel.
Tom Jones
6. Samuel Johnson
塞缪尔
.
约翰逊

词典编篡者

是十八世纪下半叶最后一位新古典主义启蒙文学家。

代表作
:
《致切斯特菲尔勋爵的信》

Johnson was the last great neoclassicist enlighter in the
later eighteen century.
To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield
（
ironic
）

7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
理查德
.
比
.
谢立丹

代表作：《造谣学校》
The School for Scandal
《情敌》
The Rivals
he
was
the
only
important
English
dramatist
of
the
eighteenth
century.
8. Thomas Gray
托马斯
.
格雷

代表作《写在教堂墓地的挽 歌》
,
诗中的内宾与理查
.
韦斯特的去世有关，他抒
发了对穷人和无 名小卒的同情，并嘲讽了那些轻视穷人并给穷人带来苦难的

伟