反弹球文艺复兴时期一

2021年1月20日发(作者：imports)
1.
应用
Definitions of the Literary Terms
：

1.
The
Renaissance
：

The
Renaissance
marks
a
transition
from
the
medieval to the modern world. Generally
，

it refers to the period between
the 14th & 17th centuries. It first started in Italy
，

with the flowering of
painting
，

sculpture
&
literature.
From
Italy
the
movement
went
to
embrace the rest of Europe. The Renaissance
，

which means

，

is
actually
a
movement
stimulated
by
a
series
of
historical
events
，

such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture
，

the
new discoveries in geography & astrology
，

the religious reformation &
the economic expansion. The Renaissance
，

therefore
，

in essence is a
historical
period
in
which
the
European
humanist
thinkers
&
scholars
made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe
，

to
introduce
new
ideas
that
expressed
the
interests
of
the
rising
bourgeoisie
，

&
to
recover
the
purity
of
the
early
church
from
the
corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.
文艺复兴时期标志了从中世纪到近代史的转变，指的 是
14
世纪到
17
世纪。起源于意大利，
伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学的 兴起。从意大利蔓延到整个欧洲。文艺复兴寓意着重生或复活，
实质上是有一些历史性运动引起的。比如对古罗马、
古希腊文化的重新发现，
在地理和天文
方面的新发现以及宗教改革 和经济扩张。
因此文艺复兴实质上是一个历史时期，
欧洲人文主
义思想和研究者尝试着 摆脱中世纪欧洲的封建主义思想，
引进代表新兴资产阶级利益的新思
想，恢复早期腐败的罗马教 会后的纯洁。

2. Humanism
：



Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for
the ancient authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious
，

intellectual side
，

for
the
Greek
and
Roman
civilization
was
based
on
such
a
conception
that
man
is
the
measure
of
all
things.
Through the new learning
，

humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment
，

but the human values
represented
in
the
works.
Renaissance
humanists
found
in
the
classics
a
justification to
exalt
human
nature
and
came
to
see
that
human
beings
were
glorious
creatures
capable
of
individual
development
in
the
direction
of
perfections
，

and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question
，

explore
，

and enjoy.
Thus
，

by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life
，

they voiced their
beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life
，

but had the ability to perfect himself
and
to
perform
wonders.
Thomas
More
，

Christopher
Marlowe
and
William
Shakespeare
are
the
best
representatives of the English humanists
人文主义是文艺复兴的精髓。

3. Spenserian stanza
：



Spenserian stanza was invented by Edmund Spenser. It is a stanza of nine lines
，

with the first eight lines in
iambic pentameter & the last line in iambic hexameter
，

rhyming ababbcbcc.
斯宾塞诗 体是有埃德蒙德
.
斯宾塞创立的。他是九行诗，前八行是五步抑扬格，最后一行是
六步 抑扬格，
ababbcbcc
押韵。

4. Metaphysical poetry
：



The term
under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit
，

the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the
conventional
fashion
of
the
Elizabethan
love
poetry.
The
diction
is
simple
as
compared
with
that
of
the
Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods
，

and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery is
drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet's beloved
，

with God
，

or with
himself.
玄学派诗歌通常是指
17
世纪在约翰
.
多恩的影响下写的作品。
拥有着
反抗精神，
玄学派诗人尝试着去打破伊丽莎白时代的爱 情诗的传统习
惯。
诗人的措辞采用简洁的白描法，
大大区别于伊丽莎白时期或新古典主义时期的诗歌风格，
并反映了普通语言和强弱自然的节奏。
诗中
的意向是从现 实中提取的。
诗歌的形式经常都是以作者同爱人，
同上
帝，甚或同自己进行争论的方法 存在的。


5. The Renaissance hero
：



A
Renaissance
hero
refers
to
one
created
by
Christopher
Marlowe
in
his
drama.
Such
a
hero
is
always
individualistic
and
full
of
ambition
，

facing
bravely
the
challenge
from
both
gods
and
men.
He
embodies
Marlowe's humanistic ides of human dignity and capacity. Different from the tragic hero in medieval plays
，

who