成熟英语英国文学选读--复习资料-罗经国

2021年1月20日发(作者：古韵)

英国文学选读
--
复习资料
-
罗经
国


Chapter 1
1.

Earliest settlers---Celts
2.

55
B.C.
TO
407
A.D.
---Roman
Empire(London was founded)
3.

演变
Celts- Romans
–
Anglo-Saxon
–
English
4.

Julius
Caesar
,
the
first
general
came
to
British
5.

500A.D. THE founder of the kingdom wessex,
the Celts King Arthur.




His
followers
,
who
were
know
as
the
knights
of
the
round
table,
fight
for
their
kingdom against the AS invaders.
6.

9
th

century,
King
Alfred
,
the
great
of

Wessex
lead
the
AS
kings
to
defeat
the
invaders by uniting their forces.
7.

the Norman Conquest





1066,
Duck
of
Normandy
came
from
Normandy
to
attack
England
to
gets
the
land
promise
to
be
given
to
him
for
protecting
from
the
Danes
invasion
by
Edward
Ⅱ
.
And
Normandy
beat
the
Harold at the Hesting.

8.

Two
highlight
in
the
development
of
AS
literature

A. Northumrian School
○
the first AS poet ---Caedmon

1


The
earliest
English
poet.
According
to
Bede,
he
was
an
elderly
herdsman
who
received the power of song in a vision.
○
Vernerable Bede, A monk write in Lain
2
People> Father of English History
B. the reign of Alfred Contribution





○
translate
a
number
of
Latin
books
into
1
West Saxon dialect





○

2





○
created a style of Anglo-Saxon Prose
3
9.

A long epic poetry
长篇叙事诗



A.

t
he earliest heroic poetry

B.

the most significant poetry
C.

e
xisted
in
oral
form
as
early
as
the
6
th

century

D.

B
eowulf
is
a
mixture
of
paganism
and
Christian elements

10.

Difference
between
Old
Eng
poetry
,
later
poetry is technical structure

11.

There
are
two
poetic
features
of
Old
English poetry: alliteration and kenning.
Chapter 2

1.

流行
Romance
主要写
Knights
2.

Duke
William
of
Normandy.
The
Norman
Conquest in 1066 accelerated the development
of feudalism
封建主义
in ENG
3.

Categories
of
Romances:
The
matter
of
Erance
,the
matter
of
Rome
,
the
matter
of
Britain
4.

Middle ENG:
A.

w
ords that are related with enjoyment and
pleasure are usually of the French origin
B.

many
inflectional
form
of
words
were
dropped
C.

f
ormal grammar simplified
5.

Medieval Romance (Subject Matters)
A. matter of French (Charlemagne the Great,
Roland, )
B. matter of Rome (Alexander the Great, The

siege of Troy)
C. Britain the Arthurian Legend
By Sir Gawain, Launce lot, Marlin, the quest
for Holy Grail, the Death of King Arthur.
Chapter 3 Age of Chaucer
1.

The Hundreds
’
Years War is an awakening of
national
Consciousness
in
ENG
,the
French
heroine Joan of Arc
贞德

2.

Geoffrey
Chaucer
(Buried
in
the
Poets
’

Conner in Westminster Abbey)
A.

F
ather of Eng poetry
B.

The work of Geoffrey Chaucer




○
influenced
by
French
literature1
Book of the Duchess>



○
influenced
by
Boccaccio
and
2
Cryseyde>


○
Canterbury
Tales
>
坎特伯雷故
3
事集





The general prologue
总序
is the best
part of it.
3.

the significances of
A.

G
ives
a
comprehensive
picture
of

Chaucer
’
s time
B.

The
dramatic
structure
of
the
poem
has
been
highly
commended
高
度
赞
赏
by
critics

C.

G
eoffrey Chaucer
’
s humor
D.

C
haucer
’
s contribution to ENG language
E.

Perhaps
the
greatest
work
in
Middle
English
4.

John Wycliff
A.

f
ather of ENG prose
B.

one
of
the
first
figures
who
demanded
to
reform church
C.

t
he one translate Bible into standard ENG
5.

William
LanglandGawain>
Knights>
Chapter 4

1.

main events
A.

T
he
war
of
the
Rose
,the
thirty
Years
War(the house of Lancaster/Red, the house
of York)
B.

The discovery of American and the new sea
routes


C.

R
eformation of church. Henry
Ⅷ

found the
Anglican
Church,
break
away
from
the
church of Rome.
2.

Ballad: a narrative poem that tells a story
3.

Characters of Ballads
A.

t
he beginning is often abrupt
B.

have strong dramatic elements
C.

t
he
story
is
told
through
dialogue
and
action
D.

t
he theme is often tragic
E.

the
meter
格律
is
used
(contains
four-line
stanzas,
the
odd
numbered
line
奇数
four
feet, the even numbered line
偶数
three feet.
Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines.)
4.

Ballads
A.

<
Robin
Hood>
A
legendary
hero
living
during
the
reign
of
Richard
the
Lion
Heated
金雀花王朝

B.

By Sir Thomas
Mallory prefect the king Arthur
5.

Early
ENG
Plays(the
14
th

)developed
into(mystery Plays
神秘剧，

miracle plays
奇

迹剧
)
6.

The flourishing of drama
the reason: no other entertainment ,both rich
and poor can go to there
Chapter 5

英国文学史上三次高潮

15
th

ENG
Renaissance
—

19
th

上
Romantic
—
19
th

下

Victoria
1.

The Background
Queen Elizabeth , defeat the Spanish Armada
无敌舰队
, mighty naval power
强有力的海军
.
2.

Humanism
人文主义
Rebirth(
文艺复兴的时
代精神
)
Humanism
Renaissance
is
a
French
word
which means
“
rebirth
”
in ENG
3.

人文主义的解释及价值观

According
to
the
Humanist
scholars
it
was
against
human
nature
to
○
sacrifice
the
1
happiness
of
the
life
for
an
after
life.
They
argued
that
○
man
should
be
given
full
2
freedom
to
enrich
their
intellectual
and
emotional life. In religion they
demanded the
reformation of the church, In art and literati

on, instead of happiness in his life. Humanism
shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of
man
’
s
mind
by
the
Roman
catholic
church
and opened his eyes to
“
a brave new world
”
in
front of him.
4.

Edmund Spenser
5.

The University Wits
A.

R
obert Greene
B.

Thomas Kyd
C.

C
hristopher
Marlowetragic
History
of Doctor Faustus> The blank Verse
无韵诗
Unrhymed iambic pentameter
6.

William Shakespeare

A.

发
展



○
Early years of his apprenticeship
学徒期

1
○
Growth and development

2
○
gloom and depression
3
○
restored serenity
4
B.

achievement
○
represented
the
trend
of
history
in
giving
1
write to the desires and aspiration of people
○
S
’

humanism:
He
had
firm
belief
in
the
2

mobility of human nature and in the power of
love
○
S
’
characterization, S
’
characters are round
3
丰满的而非
flatter
扁平

○
originality
4
○
as a great poet in sonnets

5
○
master of the Eng language
6
7.

Four
Tragedy
:
Hamlet,
Othello,
King
Lear,
The Tragedy of Macbeth

8.

Sonnets (Italy/Petrarch
’
s
—
the first one, S
’
s)
A.

d
efinition

A
short
song
in
the
original
meaning
of
the
word
become
a
poet
of
14
lines.
Usually
in
iambic
pentameter
抑扬格

五音步

with various rhyming schemes.
B.

Sonnet,
3
quatrains,
1
couplet
(Shakespeare
’
s )
9.

S
’
s sonnets are different from Petrach
’
s.

Petrach
’
s
sonnets
is
divided
into
an
octave(
八音
)
which
typically
rhymes
abba
abba , and a sestet, which may have varying
rhyme schemes.
Shakespeare
’
s
sonnets
(English

sonnets)consists
of
3
quatrains
and
1
couplet
,which
typically
rhyme
abab
cdcd
efef gg .ends with a surprised conclusion or
a shift of ideas.
Petrach






abba

abba

/ cde

cde
Shakespeare


abab

cdcd


efef / gg

10.

Hamlet
—
Humanist
(melancholy
忧
郁

procrastination
优柔寡断
)
Chapter 6

From Age of Elizabeth to Glorious Revolution
1.

Background(the ENG bourgeois revolution
资
产
阶
级
革
命
，
农
民
与
贵
族
阶
级
，
Anglican
church
与
Puritanical

Church)
2.

Glorious Revolution 1688
In
1688, William
signed
Bill
of
Rights>
presented
by
Parliament,
which
greatly
restricted
the
power
of
English
King
hence
four
ENGLAND
has
become
a
country
of
constitutional monarchy.
君主立宪制

3.

The King James Bible of 1611
Old Testament in Hebrews

New Testament in Greek

The
earliest
English
translations
of
the
Bible
date back to Caedmon, Bade and King Alfred.
4.

Francis
Bacon.
Praised
by
Marx
as
“
the
pioneer of Eng Materialism
唯心主义
”

5.


目的：
Studies serve for delight, for ornament,
for ability.
功效：
History
make
man
wise;
poetry
witly;
mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep;
moral
grave;
logic
and
rhetoric
able
to
contend.
方法：
Books are able to be tasked, others to be
swallowed,
and
some
few
to
be
chewed
and
digested.
6.

玄学派特点
（
Metaphysical Poets
）
John Donne
Metaphysical Poets describe a school of highly
intellectual
poetry
marked
by
hold
and
ingenious
conceits
（奇思妙喻）
incongruous
imagery. Complexity of thought, frequent use
of Paradox, and often by deliberate harshness
or rigidity of expression.
7.

Main
theme
of
Metaphysical
Poets:
love,

death and religion
Main theme of Cavalier(
骑士派
)
：
Carpe Diem
及时行乐

8.

Cavalier:
Carpe
diem<
Ａ
Valediction
：
forbidding mourning >
A breach, but an expansion
Like gold to airy thinness beat
If they be two, they are two so.
As stiff twin compasses are two.
THEME,
他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的
真爱。

9.

John Milton(Puritan Writer)
10.


A.

M
ilton
’
s
master
piece
and
one
of
the
greatest poems in world literate.
B.

Satan,
the
most
impressive
character

Better
to

reign
in
Hell
than
Serve
in
Heaven

C.

M
eaning:
○
rebellion spirits
叛逆精神

1
○
defiance
of
authority
对权威
2
的藐视