赫里斯英国文学史及选读__复习要点总结

2021年1月20日发(作者：企鹅是什么意思)
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点


1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements
（此处可能
会有填空，选择等小题）

2. Romance
（名词解释）

3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story

4. Ballad
（名词解释）

5. Character of Robin Hood
6.
Geoffrey
Chaucer:
founder
of
English
poetry;
The
Canterbury
Tales
(main
contents;
124
stories
planned,
only
24
finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)
7. Heroic couplet (
名词解释
)8. Renaissance
（名词解释）
More
——
Utopia
10. Sonnet
（名词解释）
11. Blank verse
（名词解释）
12. Edmund Spenser


“The Faerie Queene”

13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”
（推荐阅读，
学习写正式语体的英文 文章的好参照，
本文用词正式优雅，
多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用 做格言警句，非常值得一读）

14. William Shakespeare
四 大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象
都要熟悉，当然他 最重要的是
Hamlet
这是肯定的。他的
sonnet
也很重要，最重要属
sonnet18
。
（其戏剧中著名对
白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 ）

15.
John
Milton
三大史诗非常重要，特别是
Paradise
Lost
和
Samson
Agonistes
。对于
Paradise
Lost
需要知道它是
blank verse
写成的，故事情节来自
Old Testament
，另外要知道此书theme
和
Satan
的形象。

16. John Bunyan
——The Pilgrim’s Progress

17. Founder of the Metaphysical school
——
John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms
and strange images.
18. Enlightenment
（名词解释）

19. Neoclassicism
（名词解释）

20. Richard Steele
——“The Tatler”

21. Joseph Addison
——“The Spectator”
这个比上面那个要重要，
注意这 个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了
一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这 一部分要仔细读。

22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions

23.
Alexander
Pope:
“Essay
on
Criticism”,
“Essay
on
Man”,
“The
Rape
of
Lock”,
“The
Dunciad”;
his
workmanship
(features) and limitations
24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”
此书 非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是
Gulliver
游历过的四个地方的英文名
称，< br>和每个部分具体的讽刺对象
;
（我们主要讲了三个地方）

“A Modest Proposal”
比较重要，
要注意作者用的
irony
也 就是反讽手法。

25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature.
26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”,
当然是
Robinson Crusoe
比较重要，剧情要清楚，

Robinson
Crusoe
的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主 义的萌芽。另外注意
Defoe
的
style
和
feature，另外
Defoe
是
forerunner of English realistic novel
。

27. Samuel Richardson
——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison”

28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”
第一个和第三个比较重要，
需要 仔细看。
他是一
个比较重要的作家，另外
Fielding
也被称为
father of the English novel.
29. Laurence Sterne
——“Tristram Shandy”
项狄传

30. Richard Sheridan
——“The School for Scandal”

31. Oliver Goldsmith
——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic
couplet),
“The
Vicar
of
Wakefield”
(novel),
“The
Good
-
Natured
Man”
(comedy),
“She
stoops

to
Conquer”
(comedy),
“The Citizen of the World” (collection of essays)

32. Sentimentalism
（名词解释）

33. Thomas Gray
——“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”< br>（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为
“
有史以来
英国诗歌里最好的一首< br>”
）
(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets
墓园派诗人
)
* Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth
-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a
graveyard, on the theme of
human mortality, in
moods
which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The
vogue resulted in on
e of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”.
The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also
influenced some American poets.
34. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.
35. Thomas Percy
——“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”
许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，
这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。

36. William Blake
比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特别是
Songs of Innocence
和

Songs of Experience,
这 两
本集子的
contrast
一定要注意，另外
Blake
的写作特 点也要注意，比如语言的简单明了，神秘主义氛围等。

37.
Robert
Burns
伟大的苏格兰民族诗人
,
A
Red
Red
Rose,
Scots
Wha
Hae,
Auld
Lang
Syne
等名诗，写作特点
:
Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads;
musical quality of his poems.




《英国文学史及选读》第二册练习题

I.
浪漫主义时期

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the
statement and put the letter in the brackets.
1. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun with__A_in 1798.
A.
the publication of Lyrical Ballads
B.
the death of Sir Scott
C.
the birth of William Wordsworth
D.
the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament
2. The Romantic Period is first of all an age of__B___.


A. Novel



B. poetry



C. drama



D. prose
3. Romanticism does not emphasize__D___.
A.
the special qualities of each individual’s mind

B.
the inner world of the human spirit
C.
individuality
D.
the features that men have in common
4.___B__ is not a Romantic poet.


A. William Blake


B. Sir Scott


C. P. B. Shelley


D. Lord Byron
5. _C____ is a Romantic novelist but is impressed with neo-classic strains.


A. Walter Scott
















B. Mary Shelley


C. Jane Austen
















D. Ann Radcliff
6. ____C
_ is not characteristic of William Blake’s writing.



A. plain and direct language





B. compression of meaning


C. supernatural quality









D. symbolism
7. Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads in 1789 with __B___.


A. Byron




B. Coleridge



C. Shelley




D. Keats
8. Wordsworth thinks that _D____ is the only subject of literary interest.
A.
the life of rising bourgeoisie

B.
aristocratic life
C.
the life of the royal family
D.
common life
9. Don Juan is the masterpiece of__A___.


A. Lord Byron’s






B. P. B. Shelley’s






C. John Keats’s







D. Samuel Coleridge’s

10. _A____ is not a novel written by Jane Austen.


A. Jane Eyre









B. Sense and Sensibility





C. Pride and Prejudice

D. Emma
II. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.
1. In essence, Romanticism designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the__.individual

___as the
very center of all life and all experience.
2. For the Romantics, _ human life ____ is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant
subject matter.
3. Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of _
nature
____.”

4. According to the subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems
about ____ human life _.
5.
Coleridg
e’s
achievement
as
poet
can
be
divided
into
two
remarkably
diverse
groups:
_
.the
demonic
____
and
the
conversational.
6. As a leading Romanticist, Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “_
Byronic hero
____.”

7. “__
Ode to the West Wind
___” is Shelley’s representative work.

8. __ The odes
___ are generally regarded as Keats’s most important and mature work.

9. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is a famous line in Keats’s “__
Ode on a Grecian Urn
___.”

10. _ Pride and Prejudice ____is the most deli
ghtful of Jane Austen’s work.

III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.
( T )1. The Romantic period is also a great age of prose.
(
T
)2.
Romantics
also
tend
to
be
nationalistic,
defending
their
own
literary
heritage
against
the
advocates
of classical
rules.
( F )3. Coleridge has been rewarded as Poet Laureate.
( F
)4. Keats is one of the “Lake Poets.”

( F )5. Jane Austen is a typical Romantic writer.
IV
. Name the author of each of the following literary work.
1.
“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”


Coleridge
2.
Songs of Innocence











Blake



3.
“Ode to a Nightingale”












Keats

4.
“A Song: Men of England”









Shelley
5.
The Prelude




















Wordsworth
V
. Define the literary terms listed below
1.
Romanticism
Romanticism is a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in western culture during most of the
nineteenth
century,
beginning
as
a
revolt
against
classicism.
There
have
been
many
varieties
of
Romanticism
in
many
different times and places. The leading features of Romantic movements are Wordsworth, Shelley, etc.

2.
Ode






Ode is a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.
Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honour a person or a season or to commemorate an event.

VI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which
it is taken and then briefly interpret it.
1….Be through my lips to unawakened Earth.

The trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind,
If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
1. It is taken from Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind. In this poem, Shelley eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses

his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. In these last lines, the poet shows his optimistic spirit for
the future.

2.

For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,

They flash upon that inward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude;

And then my heart with pleasure fills,

And dances with the daffodils.
2. It is taken from Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.” The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty
of nature in his mind while he is in solitude. He expresses his strong affecting for nature in the poem


.
II.
维多利亚时期

I.
Each
of
the
statement
below
is
followed
by
four
alternative
answers.
Choose
the
one
that
would
best
complete
the
statement and put the letter in the brackets
1. The Victorian period roughly began at the enthronement of Queen Victoria in__B___.


A. 1835




B. 1836




C. 1837




D. 1838
2. The critical realists like Charles Dickens in the Victorian period wrote novels__D___.


A. representing the 18th century realist novel






B. criticizing the society C. defending the mass
E.
all the above
3. ___D__is not a Victoria novelist.


A. Charles DickensB. George Eliot C. William Makepeace ThackerayD. D. H. Lawrence
4. ___C__ is not a work by Charles Dickens.


A. Oliver Twist






B. David CopperfieldC. Middlemarch





D. A Tale of Two Cities
5. Wuthering Heights is a masterpiece written by___B__.


A. Charlotte Bronte


B. Emily Bront C. Anne Bronte





D. Branwell Bronte
6. __A
___ is not Thomas Hardy’s work.



A. The Mill on the Floss C. Jude the ObscureD. The Mayor of Casterbridge
7. “My Last Duchess” is __
A___.


A. a dramatic monologue


B. a short lyricC. a novel














D. an essay