扩音(完整版)英国文学史-名词解释

2021年1月20日发(作者：切尼)
名词解释

Heroic Couplet
:

a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, and written in
an elevated style.
1
．
Renaissance
:

a
revival
or
rebirth
of
the
artistic
and
scientific
revival
which
originated
in
Italy
in
the
14
th

century
and
gradually
spread
all
over
Europe.
It
has
two
features:
a
thirsting
curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.
2
．
Sonnet
:

14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.
3
．
Blank verse
:

poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
4
．
Neoclassicism
:

the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman
works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism.
5
．
Sentimentalism
:

it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades
of the 18
th
century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions, and presented
a new view of human nature which prized feeling over thinking, passion over reason.
6
．
Romanticism
:

imagination,
emotion
and
freedom
are
certainly
the
focal
points
of
romanticism.
The
particular
characteristics
of
the
literature
of
romanticism
include:
subjectivity
and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the
beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature.
7
．
Lake Poets
:

the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake District at
the beginning of the 19
th
century.
8
．
Byronic
Heroes
:

a
variant
of
the
Romantic
heroes
as
a
type
of
character(
enthusiasm,
persistence, pursuing freedom), named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron.
9
．
Realism
:

seeks to portray familiar characters, situations, and settings in a realistic manner.
This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of
accurate detail.
10
．
Aestheticism
:

an
art
movement
supporting
the
emphasis
of
aesthetic
values
more
than
socio-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.
11
．
Stream-of-Consciousness
:

it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings
of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrative mode.
12
．
Dramatic Monologue
:

a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or
more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.
13
．
Iambic Pentameter
:

a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed
syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb.
14
．
Epic
:

a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values
of the society from which it originated.
15
．
Elegy
:

a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament
over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem.
16
．
Canto
:

a section of a long poem. The cantos can be a great poem
17
．
Ode
:

a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some
lofty or serious subjects. Odes are written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or
to commemorate an event.
Spenserian Stanza
: a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an
Alexandrine. Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc. This stanza was common to travel literature.
18
．
Metrical Pattern
: a lyric poem of five 14-lined stanzas containing four tercets and a closing
couplet. The rhyme scheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee.

文学史

中古时期

1.
Beowulf
《贝奥武甫》
:
the
natural
epic
of
the
English
people;
Denmark
story,
alliteration,
metaphor, understatements
2.
Sir Gawain and Green Knight
《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》

3.
Geoffrey Chaucer
(
杰弗里

乔叟）
：
the Father of English Poetry; The Canterbury Tales
《埃特
伯雷故事集》
（
24stories)

文艺复兴时期

1.
Thomas More
:

Utopia
《乌托邦》
- the communication between more and the traveler which
just came back from Utopia.

2.
Francis
Bacon
:

the
first
English
Essayist;
Essays
《
随
笔
集》
-
Of
Studies,
Of
Truth
(philosophical and literary works)
3.
Thus Wyatt
:

first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.
4.
Edmund Spenser
:

Poet's poet; The Fairy Queen
《仙后》
(to Queen Elizabeth I)
5.
William Shakespeare
:


Sonnet 18(Shall I compare thee to a summer's day)

17
世纪英国文学

1.
John Donne
:

the leading poet of Metaphysical school of poetry; A Valediction: Forbidding
Mourning
《分离：莫忧伤》

2.
John Milton
:

Paradise Lost
《失乐园》
（
a revolt against God's authority), Paradise Regained
《复乐园》
（
how Christ overcame Santa)
——
stories were taken from Bible
3.
John Bunyan
:

the son of Renaissance; Pilgrim's Progress
《天路历程》
(imagination,
shadowing, realistic religious allegory)

18
世纪英国文学

Novel
：

age of reason, classicism, sentimentalism and romanticism (novels, prose, dramas, poetry)
2.
Daniel Defoe
:

representative of English realistic novel;
Robinson Crusoe
《鲁滨逊漂流记》
(the development of a young man from a naive and artless youth to a clever and hardened man)
3.
Jonathan Swift:

Gulliver's Travels
《格列佛游记》
(fictional, satirical- human nature, the
European Government, the differences between religions, whole English state system)
4.
Henry Fielding
:

the Father of English novel; The History of Tome Jones, a Foundling



《汤姆

琼斯》
，
satiric

Poetry
：

5.
Thomas Gray
:

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
《墓园挽歌》

6.
Alexander Pope
:

perfected in heroic couplet; An Essay on Criticism
《论批评》

7.
William Blake
:

pre-romantic; Songs of Innonce
《天真之歌》
，
Songs of Experience
《经验之
歌》
-London, The Tiger
8.
Robert Burns
:

A Red Red Rose
《一朵红红的玫瑰》

Drama:
9.
Richard Brinsley Sheridan
:Master of Comedy of manners;The School for Scandal
《
造谣学校》