scola-小儿英语
新题型
03
应用文写作
2 016
年
10
月起,省高考英语科目启用了新题型,其中写作分为两部分,第一部分为
应用文写作,要求考生根据所给情景,写一篇
80
词左右的短文。
【题型分析】
应用文属实用文体,有严格的语境限制,比如确定的时间、地点,确定 的对象、围,
确定的行文目的等。因此,应用文写作应力求主旨鲜明,格式正确,语言简练,语气因人因
事而异。
书信、电子是常见的应用文写作考查题型,主要包括询问信、致歉信、致信 、慰问信、
投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、求职信等,其次应用文还有:通知、发言稿、便条、日记、通知、
调查报告扥。写作时要注意格式正确,包含称呼语(
salutation
),正文(
body
),结束语
(
complimentary
close< br>),签名(
signature
)。如在
2016
年
10月的试卷中,应用文写作
的要给未曾谋面的加拿大的住家(
homestay
)写 一封咨询信(
Letter of Inquiry
)。写作
时遣词应尽量客气一些,
行文应力求具有亲和力,
切忌使用一些艰深的大词,
也不宜使用一
些结构过于 杂糅的长句。
3
、对学生能力的要求
应用文相对于 之前高考中的议论文、记叙文,更要求应用性、规性、简明性。这要求学生
对各个文体尤其是和信件格式 的熟悉掌握,
且需注意应用文所要求的语言表达与议论文、
记
叙文的区别。因此我们会 着重培养学生的格式熟悉度以及相关重要句式的表达。
假定你是华,你校英语协 会招聘志愿者,
接待来访的国外中学生。
请你写信应聘,
容包
括:
1.
口语能力:
2.
相关经验;
3.
应聘目的。
注意:
1.
词数
80
左右;
2.
可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_____________________ __________________________________________________ ________
______________________________________ _________________________________________
_____ __________________________________________________ ________________________
______________________ __________________________________________________ _______
_______________________________________ ________________________________________
______ __________________________________________________ _________
【思路点拨】
本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求写应聘信。
第一步:根据提示可知,学校英语协会招 聘志愿者,接待来访的国外中学生。要求写封应
聘信,容包括:
1.
口语能力:
2.
相关经验;
3.
应聘目的。
第二步:根据写作要求确定关键词(组)
。
第三步:根据提示和关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步 :
连句成文,
注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡,
书写一定要规清晰,< br>保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文容完整,语言规,语篇连贯,词数适当。另外 全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了
很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
My
name
is
Li
Hua.
And
I
am
writing
to
apply
for
being
a
volunteer
of
our
school
English association.
I have a good command of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can
communicate well with native speakers of English. W
hat’s more, I am kind and
friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.
I’m
particularly
interested
in
this
job
because
I
want
to
further
improve
my
oral English capabilities and interpersonal communication skills.
Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
写好应用文的第一步是准确审题。
审题并不仅仅指读题,
而 是一个思维过程。
审题可以
从以下几个方面入手:
1
、判断体裁
应用文的种类繁多,按其性质可分为一般性应用文和公务 文书。一般性应用文包括书信、
便条、请帖、聘书、海报、启事、证明、电报、便函等;公务文书包括布 告、通告、指示、
命令、请示等。
本试题创设了一个语言情境,
让考生以华的身份给英国朋友
Chris
写一封电子,
邀请他参
加郊游。也 就是说,
试题要求考生写一封邀请信,
这属于一般性应用文中最常见的类型:书
信。< br>
2
、确定格式
不同类型的应用文其格式和结构是 不同的。
本试题的格式是书信,
要求写明写信的对象
(即
称呼)
和写 信人
(即署名)
,
正文前可适当添加问候语,
如"
How
are
you
doing
?"或"
Long
time no see
。"等。考生必须熟知书信类应用文的格式,准确写出称呼语、标点、结尾语
和署 名,以符合英语的写作习惯。
3
、理清要点
< br>邀请信中需要包括三个要点:告知参加者、郊游的时间和地点、活动容——登山和野餐。
当然考生 可适当增加细节,
如组织郊游的目的、
登山中可以做什么、
除登山和野餐外是否有其他的活动、参加郊游的意义等等。在整理要点时,考生应该特别注意以下
3
点:
●这是一次郊游,而不是到外地或到国外去游玩的长途旅行。
●郊游的时间应该具体到某一天,不要笼统地说下周,最好告知几点钟集合出发。
●既要介绍郊游的地点,
又要尽量避免透露考生信息。
例如:
若考生写到Yandang
Mountain
表明该考生可能来自地区,若考生写到
the
West
Lake
表明该考生可能来自地区。那么怎样
巧妙地避免这个问题 呢?考生可以将地点模糊化,如使用
Green Mountain
,
the Central
Park
等。
4
、明确对象
写作对象决定了考生该使用的语言和语气、
写信 人和收信人之间的关系、
书信用语的正式
度和委婉程度等。本试题中,考生的身份是学生,写作的对象是考生的外籍朋友。
既然是朋
友,两者是平辈的关系,就不适合使用过度的敬辞 或谦辞,如
"
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
come
。";朋友之间一般会用"
Hope
to
see
you
there
。"或"
Hope
you
can
make
it
。"。既然是朋友,
彼此应该熟知对方的
地址,看到寄信人的地址就应该知道是谁
的来信,
所以在的开头根本没有必要介绍自己 的身份。
如有些考生写道:
"I’m
Li
Hua,
your
friend
。"明显就不符合逻辑和常识。
5
、分析语言
应用文作为一种实用性文体,是用来说明事实、解决实际 问题的,侧重于"以事告人"。
所以语言要求自然得体、朴实无华、开门见山、清晰流畅。本试题是邀请 信,首先要掌握的
是常用套语,例如在书信的开头常用:"I’m writing to invite you to …"信件的结尾
常用:"
Looking forward to your early reply
。"或"
I really hope you can come
。"
等。其次,邀请信中的书面用语要符合朋友关系的身份设定,切忌使用过 度的敬辞或谦辞。
时态应以一般现在时和一般将来时态为主。
应用文常用句型及习惯表达
1.
书信开头
I was delighted/glad to receive your letter.
很高兴收到你的来信。
I have received your letter of June the 29th.
我收到了你于
6
月
29
日的来信。
How’s it going? 最近怎么样?
You asked me about(problem, question...), now let me give you some advice.
你在
来信中询问我……,现在让我给你一些建议。
It has been a long time since we met.
我们很久没见面了。
How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last time. 时间过得真快!我们
有三个月没见面了。
I’m writing to thank you for your hel
p during my stay in America.
我写信是为
了感你对我在美国期间的帮助。
2.
结尾
I am looking forward to receiving your letter.
我期待你的来信。
I am looking forward to your early reply.
我期待您早日回复。
Please write to me as soon as possible.
请尽快回信。
Good luck./ Wish you the best.
祝你好运!
With best wishes.
致以我诚挚的祝福。
Wish you sucess.
祝你成功。
Wish you a pleasant journey.
祝你旅途愉快。
Please remember me to your family.
请代我向你的家人问好。
I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 请尽快回信,我将不胜感激。
应用文常见文体写作模板
1.
感信
(Letter of Thanks)
写作模板
Dear ________(
对象
),
I
am
writing
to
extend
my
sincere
gratitude
for________________________________(
感
的
原
因
).
If
it
had
not
been
for
your
assistance in_______ _________________________(
对方给你的具体帮助
), I fear that I
would have been___________________ _____________(
没有对方帮助会产生的后果
).
Everyone agrees that it was you who _______________________ _________(
给出细
节
).
Again,
I
would
like
to
express
my
sincere
thanks
to
you.
Please
accept
my
sincere
thanks.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
2.
道歉信
(Letter of Apology)
写作模板
1
Dear ________(
对象
),
I am truly sorry that ___________________________________(
道歉的原因
).
The reason is that ______________ ________________________(
介绍原因
).
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my
appologies and understand my situation.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
写作模板
2
Dear ________(
对象
),
I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that
①
______________ (
直接表达自己不
能实现先前的愿望或约定
).
②
Now,
I
am
writing
you
this
letter
of
apology
to
show
my
deep
regret__________
(
表达歉意
).
③
Please
accept
my
sincere
apology__________(
诚
恳希望对方能接受道歉
).
④
I
fear
you
are
displeased
at
_________(
表达出自己的心情,
并请求对方原谅
) .
⑤
I hope you will understand me and excuse me for__________(
过渡
句
).
⑥
Let me explain(
开始介绍道歉的原因
).
⑦
The reason for my delay/absence was
that _________(
阐述自己当时的处境和情况
).
⑧
I had no way out because ___________
(
总结自己道歉的原因
).
⑨Therefore it’s not in my powe
r to ___________(
希望下次
再次实现愿望
).
⑩
Naturally,
I
want
to
suggest
____________.
I
shall
be
glad
if
you
will kindly write and tell me when and where you____________(
约定下次约会的时间
和地点
)
We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.
Sincerely Yours,
Li Hua
3.
邀请信
(Letter of Invitation)
写作模板
Dear________,
There will
be a________(
容
)
at/in________(
地点
) on________(
时间
).
We would
be
honored to have you there with us.
The
occasion
will
start
at________________(
具体时间
).
This
will
be
followed
by
a________(
进
一
步
的
安
排
).
At
________________(
时
间
),
we
will
have
________________________(
另一个安排
).
I really hope you can make it. RSVP before__________ _______________(
通知你的
最后期限
).
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
4.
推荐信
(Letter of Recommendation)
写作模板
Dear ______ ,
①
It affords me much pleasure to recommend ______(
要推荐的人
)to you.
②
During
his/her graduate years he/she was my ______ .
③
As his/her ______ I found him/her
______. (
介绍与此人的关系
)
④
His/Her
performance
in
the
school
years
was
outstanding.
⑤
First,
he/she
had
been
and
showed
great
talents
in
______
.
⑥
In
addition,
he/she
has
a
very
pleasant
personality.
⑦
He/She has developed a strong sense of ______, and working with
him/her
is
always
pleasant.
⑧
I
can
state
that
he/she
has
all
the
qualities
of
being
______.(
介绍此人的能力
)
⑨
Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart.
⑩
Should you
favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your
university
?
I am sure that his/her future work will prove worthy of your trust. I
look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
5.
建议信
(Letter of suggestion)
写作模板
Dear________,
You have asked me
for my advice
with
regard to________________, and
I will try
to make some conducive suggestions here.
In
my
opinion,
you
would
be
wise
to
take
the
following
actions:
________________(
建议的容
).
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss
this matter with you to further details.
Good luck with your________________(
祝愿
).
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
6.
申请信
(Letter of Application)
写作模板
Dear Sir or Madam,
I
write
this
letter
to
apply
for
the
position
that
you
have
advertised
in________________________(
报纸名称
) of________________________(
广告发布时间
).
Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but also I have the right
personality
for
a
______________
(
工作名称
).
On
one
hand,
_____________________(
第
一个原因
). On the other hand, ______________________(
另一个原因
).
Should
you
grant
me
a
personal
interview,
I
would
be
most
grateful.
If
you
need
to
know
more
about
me
,
please
feel
free
to
contact
me
at
any
time
at________________________().
Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting
you.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
5.
祝贺信
(Letter of Congratulations)
祝贺信模板
Dear_______,
(1)I have learned with delight that you______.
(1)
获悉值得祝贺的消息,说出祝
(2)I
would
like
to
extend
to
you
my
utmost
贺事由
congratulations on __ __.
(3)You must be very proud of your ______.
(4)And I feel very happy for you.
(2)
表达祝贺
(3)
描述对方的心情
(4)
表达自己的心情
(5)____ _
is
quite
exciting
news!
(5)
被祝贺人所取得的成绩
(6)You
are
really__ .
(6)
对对方的赞美
(7)I
know
this
is
surely
owing
to__
(7)
对方取得成绩的原因
(8)
对对方取得成绩的肯定,说出
_ .
(8)It
is
a
reward
you
deserve
for
your
__ .
被祝贺人的优点
(9)With
your___ __,
I
am
sure
that
you
will
be
(9)
被祝贺人的优秀品质,表达对
a success in whatever you undertake.
(10)Kindly
let
me
know
对方的祝福
when
(10)
咨询对方的情况和时间
(11)
表达愿望
you____ .
(11) I hope .
(12)My best wishes for your further success.
Sincerely Yours,
Li Ming
(12)
表达自己真诚的祝福
7.
投诉信
Dear ______,
①
I am ______
(自我介绍)
.
②
I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I
have to make a complaint about ______.
③
The
reason
for
my
dissatisfaction
is
______
(总体介绍)
.
④
In
the
first
place,
______
(抱怨的第一个方面)
.
⑤
In addition, ______
(抱怨的第二个方面)
.
⑥
Under
these
circumstances,
I
find
it
______
(感觉)
to______
(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果)
.
⑦
I appreciate it very
much if you
could ______
(提出建议和请求)
, preferably
______
(进一步的要求)
, and I would like to have this matter settled by ______
(设定解决事情最后期限)
.
⑧
Thank
you
for
your
consideration
and
I
will
be
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
8.
演讲稿
/
发言稿
模板①
Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen,
It
’
s a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech._________
(表示
荣幸)
My name is __________.
(自我介绍)
The topic of my speech is ___________.
(提出演讲主题)
To
begin
with,
many
people
suggest
that ___________.
(
话题或现象列举)
Secondly,
___________. Thirdly, ___________ .
What I want to stress is that ___________.
(重申主题)
For one thing, . For
another,
.
Besides, ___________.
(原因或重要性列举)
In
a
word, ___________.
(总
结)
模板②
Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone,
It’s nice to see all of you here. I feel honored to have opportunity to
give/make/deliver you a speech is a great pleasure for me to speak here. The topic
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