锯末板专八英译汉段落翻译完整版 中英文对照

2021年1月19日发(作者：visitors)
My First Job
When I reached the age of twelve I left the school for ever and got
my first fulltime
job, as a grocer’s boy. I spent my days carrying heavy
loads, but I enjoyed it. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved
me
from
early
dismissal,
for
I
could
never
stomach
speaking
to
my
“betters” with the deference my employer thought I should assume.

But the
limit was reached one Tuesday
—
my half holiday. On my
way home on that day I used to carry a large basket of provisions to the
home of my emplo
yer’s sister
-in-law. As her house was on my way home
I never objected to this.
On
this
particular
Tuesday,
however,
just
as
we
were
putting
the
shutters
up,
a
load of
smoked
hams
was
delivered
at
the shop. “Wait
a
minute,” said the boss, and he opened the
load and took out a ham, which
he started to bone and string up.
I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, not for one minute
but for a quite a considerable time. It was nearly half-past two when the
boss
finished.
He
then
came
to
me
with
the
ham,
put
it
in
the
basket
beside me, and
instructed me to deliver
it to a customer who had it on
order.
This meant going a long way out of my road home, so I looked up
and said to the boss: “Do you know I finish at two on Tuesday?” I have
never seen a man
look m
ore astonished than he did then. “What do you
mean?” he gasped. I told him I meant that I would deliver the groceries as
usual, but not the ham.
He
looked at me as if I were some unusual kind f insect and burst
into a storm of abuse. But I stood firm. He gave me up as hopeless and
tried
new
tactics.
“Go
out
and
get
another
boy,”
he
yelled
at
a
shop-assistant.
“Are you going to deliver them or not?” the boss turned to me and
asked in a threatening tone. I repeated what I had said before. “Then, out
of here,”
he shouted. So I got out.
This was the first time I had serious trouble with an employer.


1
我的第一份工作

当我十二岁时我永远地离开了学校
,
同时得到了我的第一份全职
工作
,
作为一个食品杂货商的男孩。
我每天都在搬 沉重的货物
,
不过干
得倒也挺带劲。
要不是我能干重活，我早就给辞退了，因 为老板要我
毕恭毕敬的给那些上等人说话，这样干，我实在受不了。

但是有一个星期 二，到了我的忍耐极限
----
这是我歇半天的假
日。那一天，在我回家的路上
,
我又像往常一样，替老捎了一大篮子
吃的东西，给他的嫂子送去。因为顺路，我也从没说过 不乐意。

然而
,
在这个特别的星期二，就在我们正关门的时候
,
一大批的
熏火腿送到了商店。“等一下
,
”老板说
,
他打开 火腿包，拿出一只，
开始剔骨头，然后用绳子绑起来。

我想回家，越等越不耐烦,
不是一分钟，一等就是半天。当老板
完成已经有二点半了。然后他拿着火腿走向我
,
把它放在我旁边的篮
子里
,
让我把它送给一个预定的顾客那里。

这意味着我要走很长一段路程才能到家
,
所以我抬起头对老板
说:“你知道我 星期二两点下班吗?“我还没见过有人像他那次那样
吃惊的呢。
“你什么意思
?
他气喘吁吁的说。
我告诉他，
我的意思是，
像平常那样捎点货可以
,
那只火腿就不送了。

他盯着我，
好像我是一条怪怪的小爬虫，
然后暴跳如 雷破口大骂
起来。可是我丝毫不让步。他拿我没办法，就耍新花招。“出去给我
再找一个伙计来 ，”他对一个店员大声喊道。

“你到底送不送？”老板转过身子，
以威胁的口吻问我 。
我把说
过的话又重复了一遍。
“那就滚蛋，
”他喊道。
于是，我就走出来了。

这是我头一回和老板真正闹翻了脸。











2
Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature
so Marx discovered the law of development of human history, the simple
fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must
first
of
all
eat,
drink,
have
shelter
and
clothing
before
it
can
pursue
politics,
science,
art,
religion,
etc;
that,
therefore
the
production
of
the
immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of
economic development attained by a given people during a given epoch
form
the
foundation
upon
which
the
state
institutions,
the
legal
conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned
have
been
evolved,
and
in
the
light
of
which
they
must,
therefore,
be
explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.
正像达尔文发现有机界的发展规律一样，
马克思发现了人类历史
的发展规律，即历来为纷繁 芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事
实：人们首先必须吃、喝、
住、
穿，然后才能从 事政治、科学、
艺术、
宗教等等。所以，生产直接与生活有关的物质用品，
会为一个民 族或
一个时代带来一定的经济发展，
这两者又构成了国家制度、
法律观点、
艺 术以至宗教思想的基础。
因而，
我们必须从这个方向来解释上述种
种观念与思想，而不是依随那一直以来的相反方向去解释这些观念与
思想。















3
For
my
sons
there
is
of
course
the
rural
bounty
of
fresh-grown
vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of
neighbors’’ orchards
and
gardens.
There
is
the
unpaid
baby- sitter
for
whose
children
my
daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbors who barter their skills
and
labor.
But
more
than
that,
how
do
you
measure
serenity?
Sense
if
self?

I don’t want to idealize life in small places. Th
ere are times when the
outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or
developers
cast
their
eyes
on
untouched
farmland.
There
are
cruelties,
there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small
places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it
is harder to ignore them
when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or
excused
as
the
whims
of
alien
groups
---
when
they
have
to
be
a
cknowledged as “part of us”
.
对我的几 个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，
邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。乡下有 不用付报酬便可请来
照看孩子的邻居，作为回报，我儿媳也帮着照看其孩子。乡邻之间互
相交换 技能和劳动。
但比之更重要的是，
你如何来衡量那静谧与安详？
如何来衡量自我价值呢 ？

我无意将小地方的生活理想化。因为有时外面的世界会无情地侵
入：比如汽油价格 上涨，开发商把眼睛盯住尚未开发的农田；那里充
斥着凶残和偏狭，大城市的种种卑劣行径，小地方也一 应俱全。不仅
如此，当人们无法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑恶现象想象成只是小地方的
一小部分或将 它们解释为异乡人的为所欲为，而又不得不承认这一切
是我们的一部分时，就更难以忽视它们。






4
In
addition,
one
class
of
family
reasons
shares
a
border
with
the
following
category,
namely,
having
children
in
order
to
maintain
or
improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or
rejuvenate
the
marriage;
to
increase
the
number
of
children
on
the
assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined
by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is
a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.
Beyond all that
is the profound significance of children to the very
institution of the family
itself. To many people, husband and wife alone
do not seem a proper family
—
they need children to enrich the circle, to
validate
its
family
character,
to
gather
the
redemptive
influence
of
offspring.
Children
need
the
family,
but
the
family
seems
also
to
need
children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle,
for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile,
world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more
than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.
此外，
有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，
这便是：
生儿
育女是为了维 系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事
事；修复或重振婚姻；
多子多孙，以为家庭 幸福惟有此法。
这一点更
可以由其反面得到昭示：
在某些社会中，
无法生儿育 女
（或无法生育
男孩）对婚姻而言是一种威胁，还可作为离婚的现成借口。



后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。
对许多
人来说，
夫妻两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭——夫妻需要
孩子来丰富其两人小天地， 赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质，
并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。
孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要
孩子。家庭作为一种社会机构，以其特有的方式，至少从原则上说，
可在 一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安
全、慰藉、保障，
以及价值取向。
于大多数人而言，
这样的一个家庭
基础，即使从其表层意义上来讲，也需要不止一个人 来维持其存在，
并使其世代相传，生生不息。


5
If people mean anything at all by the expres
sion “untimely death”,
they
must
believe
that
some
deaths
must
be on
a
better
schedule
than
others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely
—
a long life is thought
to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that
the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken.


History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one
recalls
those of
Marilyn
Monroe
and
James
Deans,
whose
lives
seemed
equally
brief
and
complete.
Writers
cannot
bear
the
fact
that
poet
John
Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures
when they pass that year. The id ea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is
illogical because lives are measure d by the impressions they leave on the
world and by their intensity and virtue.
如 果人们藉

英年早逝

这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话，他
们必然相 信某些人的辞世可以算是寿终正寝，而另一些人则

死不逢
时

。死于年 迈很少被冠以

死不逢时

之名，因为能度过漫长的一生
被认为是甚为圆 满的。反之，如果所碰到的是一位年轻人之死，人们
会以为这位年轻人风华正茂，前途无可限量，生命的 倒计时尚未真正
开始。

当然，
历史否定这一切。
在诸多较为著名的

英年早逝

的情形中，
我们会忆起玛丽莲
.
梦露与詹 姆斯
.
迪恩斯之死，其生命的短暂丝毫无
损于其生命的完整性。对于约翰
.< br>济慈年方
26
便溘然长逝这一事实，
文人墨客们皆痛不欲生，但他们中仅有半数 人诙谐地认为，设若他们
也死于这一年龄，其一生可视为失败。视英年早逝为不圆满，这一观
念 有悖于逻辑，因为衡量生命的尺度乃是留给世界的印记，是生命的
力度及其美德。







6