丹东尼-skip是什么意思
初
级
英
语
口
译
姓名:
班级:
学号:
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Introduction of Interpretation
Classification of interpretation:
a.
Alternating interpretation (
交替传译
)
In alternating interpretation, the interpreter offers interpretation in turns for speakers of different languages.
This happens often in conference talks and business talks where there is only one interpreter who offers
interpretation for both parties involved.
b.
Consecutive interpretation (
连续传译
)
Consecutive interpretation is also impromptu interpretation or step by step interpretation. This kind of
interpretation is usually done by meaning groups, for example, sentence by sentence, or paragraph by
paragraph. It is often used in speeches, lectures, high-level conferences, press conferences, etc.
c.
Simultaneous interpretation (
同声传译
)
SI is the most efficient form of interpretation in which the interpreter interprets a speaker’s words (SL) into
his audience’s language (TL) at almost the same spe
ed of the speaker.
The interpreter works in a soundproofed booth with at least one colleague. The speaker in the meeting
room speaks into a microphone, the interpreter receives the sound through a headset and renders the
message into a microphone almost simultaneously. The delegate in the meeting room selects the relevant
channel to hear the interpretation in the language of his/her choice. There are many different possible
configurations of languages or language regimes.
History has it that simultaneous interpretation started after World War II in Nuremburg where the war
criminals received their trial. For all the criminals had to be sent to trial there (the Nuremburg International
War Crime Tribunal )and the number was too big so that it was suggested that simultaneous interpretation
be employed, for otherwise it would take over 20 years to finish all the trials. It was proved very efficient
and time-
saving, but complaints couldn’t be avoided, for example, some war criminals complained that
they should have lived a couple of years longer if it were not for the simultaneous interpretation.
d. Whispering: Simultaneous interpreter whispers his interpretation to his service objects, usu. one- three
persons.
e. Sight interpreting
:
Interpreters are supposed to read a given written material or a visual document and
give interpretation.
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Practice for Sight Interpreting
各种商店名称的翻译
书店
books store
食品杂货店
grocery
日用杂货店
daily-use sundry goods shop
家用器具商店
household utensils shop
酱园
sauce and pickles shop
五金商店
metal products shop
肉店
meat (butcher's) shop
家具店
furniture shop
水产店
aquatic products shop
爆竹鞭炮店
fireworks shop
家禽店
fowl shop
电器商店
electrical appliance shop
烤肉店
roast meat shop
照相馆
photographic studio
卤味店
sauced meat shop
古玩珠宝店
antiques and jewelry shop
小吃店
eating house (snack bar)
香烟店(摊)
cigarette shop (stall)
冷饮店
cold drinks shop
售报亭
newspaper and magazine stand
蔬菜水果店
green grocery (green grocer's)
茶馆
tea house
百货公司
department store
理发店
barber's shop (hairdresser's)
成衣店
ready-made clothes shop
洗澡堂
bath house
药店
drug store
旅店
/
旅馆
inn/ hotel
文具店
stationer's (stationery shop)
世界著名游览胜地英文名称
The Himalayas
喜马拉雅山
Taj Mahal
印度泰姬陵
Forbidden City
北京故宫
Bali, Indonesia
印度尼西亚巴厘岛
Mount Fuji
日本富士山
Suez Canal
印度苏伊士运河
Cape of Good Hope
南非好望角
Effiel Tower
法国艾菲尔铁塔
Sahara Desert
撒哈拉大沙漠
Arch of Triumph
法国凯旋门
Pyramids
埃及金字塔
Elysee Palace
法国爱丽舍宫
The Nile
埃及尼罗河
Louvre
法国卢浮宫
Great Barrier Reef
大堡礁
Leaning Tower of Pisa
意大利比萨斜塔
Notre Dame de Paris
法国巴黎圣母院
Red Square in Moscow
莫斯科红场
Big Ben in London
英国伦敦大笨钟
Buckingham Palace
白金汉宫
Statue of Liberty
自由女神像
Times Square
时代广场
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模糊数字的口译
几个
:
两、三个
:
五、六个
:
十几个
:
三十来个
:
几十个
:
几十年
:
十几岁
:
四十出头
:
五十岁左右
:
百分数、小数、分数的口译
8%
15%
42%
4.35%
0.5%
4.032
71.006
1/2
1/3
1/4
增
/
减倍数的口译
(1) The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
近八十岁了
:
九十好几了
:
五点左右
:
三天左右
:
大约
150
米处
:
好几百
:
成千上万,千千万万
:
几十万
:
几百万
:
亿万
:
3/5
7/8
1/10
1/100
1/1000
14/1000
1/10000
2-1/2
4-2/3
3
(2) Since mid- century, the global economy has nearly quintupled, While the population has
doubled, demand for grain has nearly tripled, and the burning of fossil fuels has increased nearly
fourfold.
(3) Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countryside people in the
world.
(4) Although London covers less than 400,000 acres, it needs nearly 50 million acre-----125
times its area-----to provide it with food, timber, and other resources, and to absorb its pollution.
(5)
去年这个公司手机的销量增长了近一倍(为原来的两倍)
。
(6)
过去
20
年中,中国的国内生产总值增长了近五倍。
(7) 1978
年至
199 7
年,中国人均生产总值增长了
3.4
倍。
(8)
中国城镇居民人均居住面积由
1978
年的
3.6
平方米提高到
1997
年的
8.8
平方米,
增加
1.4倍。
(9) 1949
年至
1998
年
,
中国的粮食总产量由
1.1
亿吨增加到
5.1
亿吨
,
增长
3.5
倍
,
年平
均增长
3.1%,
是人口增长率的
2.5
倍。
(10)
1997
年
,
全国高等学校在校生总数为
608
万人
,
其中研究生
18
万人
,
分别是
1979
年的2.2
倍和
9.6
倍。
由于汉语很少用
“减少了若干倍”
的说法 ,
而多用
“减少了百分之几”
或
“减少了几成”
的说法,因此,减少 多用百分数和分数表示。
例如:
由于水灾,去年的收成减少了三成。
Owing to flood, the crop last year was declined by 30 percent.
4
(11)
该公司的员工裁减了近三分之一,开支减少了四分之一。
(12)
1998
年,政府机构改革目标实现。国务院下设部门从
40
个减少到
29
个,人员减
少了近一半。
增
/
减百分比的口译
“增
/
减了百分之几”英语和汉语的含义一致,都表示净增或净减百分数。英汉增
/
减百分
数的表示法有以下几种:
1)
增
/
减了
……%
increase/rise
/grow…%
decrease/drop/fall/sink …%
例句:
Between 1986 and 1987, Nike's sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank by more
than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok.
与“锐步”鞋业竞争的结果,从
1986
到
1987
年,
耐克(鞋)的销售额下降了
18%
,
利润下降了
40%
多。
(
13
)
By putting out more than one new shoe style everyday on average, in 1995 and 1996,
Nike's
sales
and
profits
grew
71
percent
and
80
percent
respectively
;
meanwhile,
Nike's closest rival Reebok grew just nine percent in the same period.
(
14
)
Procter & Gamble just raised prices on its paper products by as much as 8%.
(
15
)
Spending
on
non-durables----- everything
from
soap
flakes
to
razors
to
tennis
shoes-----rose 30% last year.
(
16
)
In
the
fiscal
year
of
2000,
ending
on
March
30,
export
slumped
11.3
percent
in
Taiwan, 10 percent in Thailand, 9.9 percent in South Korea and 2.4 percent in Hong
Kong. However, the Chinese mainland posted a respectable 7.5 percent rate in the
first quarter.
increase/rise/grow/go up by …%
decrease/drop/fall/go down by …%
5
(
17
)
In
America,
the
number
of
people
engaged
in
farming
as
their
principle
of
occupation fell to 961,560 in 1997, down 8.7 percent from 1992, while the number
between (the age of) 25 to 34 fell 28 percent.
。
2)
与
……
相比,增
/
减了
……%
increase/rise/grow /go up by …% (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to / over…
de
crease/drop/fall/go
down
by
…%
(as)
compared
with
/as
against
/
as
opposed
to
/over…
(
18
)
1999
年,普通高校招 生规模比上年扩大了
47.4%
。
(
19
)同
1997
年相比,
1998
年工业排污减少了
11.6%
;家庭排污增加了
2.6%
。
(
20
)
因受亚洲金融危机的冲击,
1998
年中国进出口总额比上年下降
0.4%
, 其中进
口总额下降
1.5%
;出口总额增长
0.5%
。
3)
增
/
减率
be …% increase/ rise /growth…
be …% decrease/drop /decline…
a decrease / drop / decline of …%
be …% up /down …
be up / down…%
an increase / a rise / a growth rate of …%
(
21
)
1999
年, 中国外贸出口达
1949
亿美元,比上年增长
6.1%
。
(
22
)
1998
年,中国全年海 外游客入境人数
6348
万人次,比上年增长
10.2%,
国际旅
游收入达
126
亿美元
,
增长
4.4%
。
6
4)
增
/
减具体数字的英译也可用
“by” +
具体数字来表示
(
23
)我国水土流失面积每年以
10 ,000
平方公里的速度在扩大。目前,水土流失面
积已达
367
万平方公里
,
占总土地面积将近
38%
。
(
24
)由于低温多雨的影响
,
我国夏粮减产
1460
万吨。
视译练习
World Population
With its two giants, China and India, Asia is the home of the majority of the world’s
6 billion
human inhabitants
,
and Africa the second most popular continent. The UN population fund said in
its 1998 report on population growth, Asia counts
3.5 billion
people. Its most populous countries
are China, with
1.2 billion p
lus another
6.3 million
in Hong Kong and India with
975.8 million,
followed far behind by Indonesia with
125.9 millio
n and Bangladesh with
124 million.
India, which has continued to hold the record for a higher birth rate than China, is expected to
grow in the year 2025 to
1.3 billion
residents.
The projected population for all of Asia in the year 2025 is
4.7 billion.
In Africa, the UN Population Fund reported counted
778.5 million re
sidents, with 1.4 billion
anticipated in 2025.
Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country with
121.8 million
residents. Egypt is next with
65.7
million
,
followed
by
Ethiopia
wit
h
62.1
million
,
the
Democratic
Republic
of
Congo
with
49.2 million
, and South Africa with
44.3 million.
Nigeria, the DRC and Ethiopia are expected to double their population in one generation by
the year 2025.
7
The European continent counts
729.4 million r
esidents, with Russia still the most populous
country at
147.2
million
, though its population growth is declining. Germany
is next with
82.4
million.
Europe,
according
to
the
UN
report
is
the
sole
continent
whose
population
is
expected
to
decline, dropping to
701.1 million
residents in the year 2025.
North America, with the United States and its
273.8 million
residents counts
304.1 million
people, though the number is expected to rise to
369 million
in 2025.
2000
年第五次全国人口普查主要数据
国家统计局今天公布了
2000
年第五次全国人口普查结果:
一、总人口
全国总人口为
129533
万人
。其中:
祖国大陆
31
个省、自治区、直辖市(不包括福建省的金门、马 祖等岛屿,下同)和现
役军人的人口共
126583
万人
。
香港特别行政区人口为
678
万人
。
澳门特别行政区人口为
44
万人
。
台湾省和福建省的金门、马祖等岛屿人口为
2228
万人
。
二、人口增长
祖国大陆
31
个省、自治区、直辖市和现 役军人的人口,同第四次全国人口普查
1990
年
7
月
1
日
0
时的
113368
万人
相比,十年零四个月共增加了
13 215
万
人,增长
11.66%
。平
均每年增加
1279< br>万
人,年平均增长率为
1.07%
。
三、总人口性别构成
祖国大陆
31
个省、
自治区、直辖市 和现役军人的人口中,
男性为
65355
万
人,
占总人< br>口的
51.63%
;女性为
61228
万人
,占总人口的48. 37%
。
性别比(以女性为
100
,男性对
女性的比例)为
106
︰
74
。
8
四、年龄构成
祖国大陆
31
个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人的人口中,0
-14
岁的人口为
28979
万
人。占总人口的
22.89%
;
15-64
岁的人口为
88793
万人
,
占总人口的
70.15%
;
65
岁及以
上的人口为
8811
万 人
,占总人口的
6.96%
。同
1990
年第四次全国人口普查相比 ,0
-14
岁
人口的比重下降了
4.80
个百分点,65岁及以上人 口的比重上升了1
.39
个百分点。
五、民族构成
< br>祖国大陆
31
个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人的人口中,汉族人口为
1159 40
万人,占
总人口的
91.59%
;少数民族人口为
1064万人
,占总人口的
8.41%
。同
1990
年第四次全国
人口普查相比,汉族人口增加了
11692
万人
,增长了
11.22%;各少数民族人口增加了
1523
万人
,增长了
16.70%
。
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1.
英语字母符号,包括首位字母缩略语和缩写词,如:
UNESCO
联合国教科文组织
UNICEF
联合国儿童基金会
IMF
国际货币基金
WTO
世界贸易组织
APEC
亚太经合组织(亚洲太平洋经济合作组织)
OPEC
石油输出国组织
NATO
北约(北大西洋公约组织)
CPC
中国共产党
NPC
全国人民代表大会
CPPCC
中国人民政治协商会议
CAAC
中国民航
CCTV
中央电视台
PLA
中国人民解放军
HKSAR
香港特别行政区
GDP
国民生产总值
NASA
美国宇航局
FBI
美国联邦调查局
GM
美国通用汽车公司
2.
用各种数学符号,如:
∴
所以
∵
因为
=
等于或就是,意味着
≠
不等于,不是
≈
大约,大概,左右
>
大于,多于,比
…
大
<
小于,少于,比
…
小
10
3.
用译员自己创造的各种形象符号,如:
×
不同意,不赞成,错误,不正确
√
同意,赞成,正确
→
从某地到某地,从某时到某时,导致,引起
←
过去,回忆,返回,后退,倒退
↓
下降,降低,减少,向下
↑
上升,提高,增加,向上
□←
来访,进入,进口,引进外资,来华投资
□→
出访,外出,出口,海外投资
☆
杰出,优秀,最佳,突出,标兵,榜样
∽
交换,交流,交替,
互换
3
—
,
—
300,000
5,
—
,
—
5,000,000
4.
较长单词的处理办法
-ism:
m
例如:
socialism Sm
-tion:
n
例如:
standardization (
标准化
)
stdn
-cian:
o
例如:
technician
techo
-ing :
g
例如:
marketing (
市场营销
) MKTg
-ed :
d
例如:
accepted
acptd
-able/ible/ble : bl
例如:
available avbl
-ment : mt
例如:
amendment
amdmt
-ize : z
例如:
recognize regz
-ful : fl
例如:
meaningful mnfl
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丹东尼-skip是什么意思
丹东尼-skip是什么意思
丹东尼-skip是什么意思
丹东尼-skip是什么意思
丹东尼-skip是什么意思
丹东尼-skip是什么意思
丹东尼-skip是什么意思
丹东尼-skip是什么意思
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