resume是什么意思英语阅读练习题 15

2021年1月19日发(作者：rules)
Extra Passage 15




In most countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined, as legislation has not
yet been created to cope with this advance in surgery. The existing framework relating to physical
assault and care of the dead has no provision for organ transplantation. It is customary to ask the
permission of the relatives, but, because organ removal must take place immediately after death, it
may be impossible to reach the relatives in time. It has been suggested that there should be a wide
spread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used for
transplantation. An alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unless removal has
been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. Such laws have been passed in Denmark, France,
Sweden, Italy, and Israel. Compulsory postmortem examination, a far more extensive procedure th
an organ removal for grafting, is required in most countries after unexpected death, and this comp
ulsion is not a matter of public concern and debate.


There would seem to be no reason why organ removal for transplantation purpose should not
also be acceptable to public opinion, provided there is a mechanism by which individuals in their l
ifetime can refuse this permission. This, of course, requires an efficient register of those who indic
ate their refusal: the register would be consulted before any organs would be removed. It is import
ant that there be public reassurance that consideration of transplantation would not impair normal
resuscitative efforts of the potential donor.

Transplantation has obviously raised important ethical considerations concerning the diagnos
is of death, and, particularly, how far resuscitation should be continued. Every effort must be mad
e to restore the heartbeat to someone who has had a sudden cardiac arrest or breathing to someone
who cannot breathe. Artificial respiration and massage of the heart, the standard methods of resusc
itation,are continued until it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physicians consider that beyond th
is point efforts at resuscitation are useless.

1. According to the author, which of the following is NOT true?
countries do not have an effective law on organ transplantation.
B
．
The traditional way of asking for permission of relatives for organ removal does not prove to
be always feasible.
C
．
It is hard to understand why people should remain silent on compulsory postmortem exam afte
r unexpected death.
D
．
In some countries there are laws providing that the permission of organ removal is taken for g
ranted unless it has been refused by the person in his life time.


2.

Which of the follow is NOT a suggestion made in passage?
be encouraged to donate their organ after death
removal should be permitted in course of compulsory postmortem exam
removal for transplantation should be advocated because it benefits the human society