soul是什么意思完整版高中英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解配有例题

2021年1月19日发(作者：奴隶)


高中英语阅读理解解题策略与技巧

高考要求


1.
理解文章主旨和要义；


2.
理解文中具体信息；


3.
根据上下文推断生词词义；


4.
作出简单的推断和判断；


5.
理解文章篇章结构；


6.
理解作者写作意图、观点和态度。





高考题型和解题技巧


通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷，
我们可将 阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型：
主旨
大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等）
，词义猜测题。英语
阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。


主旨大意题
（几乎每年高考都有，
1~3

题）

一、
这类题在设题时常会用到
title,
subject, main idea, topic, theme
等词。


1.

归纳标题题


特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖 全文意思；精确性
强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有：


What's the best title for the text?


The best title for this passage is ___.


Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?


★真题范例



（
2012
安徽卷）


Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?









The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal
experiences. To the

Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for
Muslims, it

means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are
given money

in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a
symbol of

protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to
protect

themselves against evils (
灾祸
).









People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (
反应
)
toward them.



Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax
people both

mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to
have fewer

stomach aches.









Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's
appetites (
食欲
). Many

decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many
commercial

websites will have a red Buy Now button because red is a color that easily catches a
person's eye.









Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose
appetite. So if you

want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.







The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your
room, think

about the color carefully.



63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?

A. Colors and Human Beings






B. The Cultural Meaning of Color




C. Colors and Personal Experiences




D. The Meaning and Function of Color




2.

概括大意题

main idea< br>）
，常见命题形式有：包括寻找段落大意（
topic
）和
文章中心思 想（


What is the general/main idea of the passage
？



Which of the following expresses the main idea
？
What is the subject discussed in
the text?


The writer of the story wants to tell us that_____.





The passage/ text is mainly about_____.





s the article mainly about
？
What'his to leave of Paris and decided 4
★范例

Joshua Bingham studied years at the University


Law Harvard and graduated with honors. to graduation. He transferred the University
of Berlin

School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.
He is presently

a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.


＿＿＿＿
Q: What is the main idea of the passage?


A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.

B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.

D. A good lawyer needs good education.

因此就
(detail)
性的事实。
【解题思路】

此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述
了四个细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个答案本身 看，个个都对。读


者只能将所有的
details
接受教育的情 况，即作者想告诉没有言明的主题思想。
由于文中主要涉及了
Joshua Bingham
Ｃ。
Joshua Bingham
接受过良好的教育，
所以答案是

我们的是：
In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work.
Among these people was a

★范例

man named Alfred Butts. He always
had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a

he so the game, was not completely satisfied with called game which he
“
Lexico
”
.
However, he

made a number of changes to it and changed its name from
“

Lexico
”

to
“
Alph
”

and then to
“
Criss

real have any but he didn't game wanted He to make some money from his new
Cross
”
.

)success.

commercial(
商业性的
Q: The text is mainly about________.

A. Lexico



B. Three men


C . A word game





D. Alfred Butts.

解题技巧
：

< br>阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，
这两种文体的结构可归纳为：
提出问题——
论述问


题——得出结论或者阐明观点。
对于这类文章，
抓主题 句是快速掌握文章大意的
主要方法。

主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具 有简洁性、概括性
的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况：


位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点
出主题，
然后围 绕这一主题作具体的陈述。
判断第一句是否为主题句，
可具体分
析段落的首句与第二，
三句的关系；
如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，
论
述或描述，
那第一句就是主题句。
有些段落，
在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信
号词，如
for example, an example of; first, second,

next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others
等。
在阅读
中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。


★范例


People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a
meal un1ess


Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every

．
they have had steak or other red meat

meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of
spaghetti, eggplant

and fresh fruit
．
0thers could live on what were called fast
—
foods
：
a hamburger or hot
dog
。
French

fries and a soft drink
．


位于段尾
：有些文章会在开头列举事实
,
然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点 。因
此，
如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，
最好快速读一读段落的最后一个< br>句子，
看看它是否具备主题句的特征。
如果它具备主題句的特征，
段落的主题思
想就很容易确定了。
一般说来，
当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。
学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。
如
so< br>，
therefore
，
thus
，
consequentl y
；
in conclusion
，
in short
；
in a word, to sum up
等来
确定主题句的 位置在段尾。
当无明显的此类信号时，
学生可在段落的最后一句话


前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是否是主题句。


★范例

Americans

might

be

embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so
formal


with them
．
Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them
casually
．
Still,

the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others
．
It just happens
that Americans

and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a
different way

of showing respect
．


位于段中：
有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，< br>接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前
面所说的内容或事例，
然后再围绕主题展开对有关问 题的深入讨论。
这种文章的
主题句往往会在段落中间出现。
归纳起来主要有两种情况：
先提出问题，
然后给
予回答
(
主题句
)
，
最后给予解释；
或者，
先提出问题，
然后点出主题思想
(
主题句)
，
最后给予解释。


★范例

In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the
American


market
．
Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever
before
．
The

flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cost American autoworkers their job as some
experts

expected
．
Ford operates as far as Asia , and General Motors is considered Australia's
biggest

employer
．
Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs
hundreds of people

every day to meet the needs of an insatiable society
。


首尾呼应
：
主题句在段落的开头和结 尾两个位置上先后出现，
形成前呼后应的格
局。
这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，< br>但用词不尽相同，
这样不但强调了主题
思想，
而且显得灵活多变。
这两 个句子并非简单重复，
后一个主题句或对该主题
作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申 留给读者去思考。


无明确主题句
：找关键词（出现频率较高）
,
归纳总结。


★范例


Bats are the only animals that truly fly
．
These animals use their leathery
wings


differently from birds. Birds flap their wings up and down, while bats use both their
wings and legs,

which makes them seem as if they are swimming through the air
．
Even though bats
take much

longer
，
stronger strokes than birds, they still can beat their wings as often as twenty
times per

second!



此段落的主题词是：
bats, birds, different, fly
．归纳出段落的中心思想是：
Bats are
different

from birds in flying
．


注意
:
新题型中有一个选项是干扰项，解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误：




（
1
）表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节；


（
2
）表述过于笼统，超出该段的内容；


（
3
）表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据．






二、细节理解题

（高考比例较大）考查 内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事
件、原因、结果、数字等；议论文中例证细节；定义类细节。这类题 目的共同特
点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是
考


文章中的原句，
生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。

事实细节题→寻读法（先
读题，带着题干信息快速浏览全文）
1.

提问，
how
前者常用
who, what, which, when, where, why
和



分为直接理解题和
间接理解题，

或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达 上与原文有差异。常
见命题形式有：
What can we learn from the passage?




.






All the following are mentioned except




Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?


Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about
…
?




★真题范例

)


(2012
江西卷





………
was his curiosity father's equipment. But been Mark had scolded before for
touching his

difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.


………
s warning?

Why did Mark touch the computer against his father'56
．
He wanted to practice his
skill
．
．








He wanted to take a voyage.



















B AHe was
eager to do an experiment.
．
．
He was so much attracted by it.















D








C

2.
排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩
小范围）


常出现在记叙文和说明文中，
一般按事件发生的顺序。
常见命题形式
有：




Which of the following is the correct order of
…
?




Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph
…
?




★真题范例
（
computers. with link the brain have been


2011
山东卷）
searching for ways to scientists Since the 1970s,

to commands disabilities send help interface(BCI) technology could people with
Brain
-
computer

machines.


.
……
The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up
the signals from