选拔考试二语习得复习资料

2021年1月19日发(作者：引桥)
Chapter 2:
capacity: natural ability
tial
bilingualism:
when
a
second
language
is
introduced
after
the
native
language has been aneous bilingualism: when young children acquire
more than one language at the same time.

is
the
initial
state
of
language
development
for
L1
and


L2
respectively?
L1-innate capacity L2-L1,world knowledge,interaction skills,possibly innate capacity.

is
a
necessary
condition
for
language
learning
(L1
or
L2?)



Input
is
necessary for both L1 and L2;social interaction is necessary for L1.
at least two reasons that many scientists believe in some innate capacity for
language.

en begin to learn their L1 at the same age,and in much the same
way,whether it is English,Bengali,Korean,Swahili,or any other language in the world.


children
had
to
actually
learn
the
abstract
rules
of
language,then
only
the
smartest would ever learn to talk,and it would take several years more to learn L1than
it actually does. en master the basic phonological and grammatical operations
in
their
L1
by
age
five
or
six,regardless
of
what
the
language
is.

en
can
understand and create novel utterances;they are not limited to repeating what they
hear around them.

is a cut-off age for L1 acquisition,beyond which it can
never be complete.
sts have taken an internal and /or external focus to the study of language
is the difference between the two?


The internal focus seeks to
account
for
speakers
’

internalized,underlying
knowledge
of

external
focus emphasizes language use,including the functions of language which are realized
in learners
’
production at different stages of development.
r 3
y
explain
how
language
is
systematic,symbolic
and
social.

Systematic:Languages consist of recurrent elements which occur in regular patterns
of ge is created according to rules or principles which speakers
are
usually
unconscious
of
using
if
language
was
acquired
in
early
childhood.

Symbolic:Sequences of sounds or letters do not inherently possess
symbols of language have meaning because of a tacit agreement among the speakers
of a language.

Social:Each language reflects the social requirements of the society
that uses gh humans possess the potential to acquire an L1 because of their
neurological makeup ,that potential can be developed only through interaction with
others in the use language to communicate with others about the human
experience.
n:vocabulary




phonology:sound system

logy:word structure









syntax:grammar

stive
Analysis:
Lado


Error
Analysis:
Corder



Interlanguage:
Selinker

Universal Grammar: Chomsky
interlanguage
development stop
before
a
learner reaches
target
language
norms,it is called fossilization.
石化

they can be understood in Chomsky
’
s theory of universal grammar
,what is the
difference between linguistic performance and linguistic competence? Performance is
actual use of language in a specific instance,whereas competence is the underlying
knowledge of language we possess.
ing to a Functionalist perspective,what is the primary purpose of language?
communication
8.
A. My manger say i get raise--Infinite Utterance Organization


have eaten---Finite Utterance Organization


nice but she not pretty--Nominal Utterance Organization
we talked-- Finite Utterance Organization
call his mother
,say
”
come over
”
--Infinite Utterance Organization
F
.man wife restaurant --Nominal Utterance Organization

Chapter 4:
1.

Learning
process:studies
the
stages
and
sequences
of
language
acquisition,addressing how acquisition happens.

Neurolinguistics: studies how the
location and organization of language might differ in the heads of monolingual versus
multilingual speakers,addressing what is added and changed in people
’
s brains when
they
learn
another
language.

Learner
differences:considers
aptitude
in
learning
,how
learning
is
linked
to
age
and
sex,and
addresses
why
some
second
language learners are more successful than others.
2.

Broca
‘
s
area
is
responsible
for
the
ability
to
speak,whereas
Wernick
’
s
area
is
responsible for processing audio input.
3.

Coordinate
bilingualism:Ursula
speaks
French
and
German
fluently,but
cannot
switch
readily
between
the

must
speak
all
German
with
you,or
all
Morpheme
Order
Studies:
Dulay
and
Burt




Monitor
Model:
Krashen