gnarliterary terms韵律 RHYME

2021年1月19日发(作者：强壮的)
Poetry

Poetry
is
one
of
the
three
major
types
or
genres
of
literature,
the
others
being
prose
and
drama.
Poems
are
often
divided
into
lines
and
stanzas.
Many
poems
employ
regular
rhythmical patterns or metres. However, some are written in free
verse.
Most
poems
make
use
of
highly
concise,
musical
and
emotionally
charged
language.
Many
also
use
imagery,
figurative language and devices of sound like rhyme.
Types of
poetry
include
narrative
poetry

such
as
ballads,
epics,
metrical
romances
;
dramatic
poetry

like
dramatic
monologues
and
dramatic
dialogues
;
lyrics

such
as
sonnets,
odes,
elegies
and
love poems
.

Sonnet
十四行诗

A
sonnet

is
a
fourteen- line
lyric
poem
with
a
single
theme,
usually written in iambic pentameter.
2 kinds of sonnet:
The
Petrarchan

or
Italian
sonnet
:an
8-line
octave
and
6-line
sestet with the
octave
rhyming
abba abba
, the
sestet
cde cde
.
The
octave
raises
a
question,
states
a
problem
and
the
sestet
answers the question, solves the problem.
The
Shakespearean
or
English

sonnet
:
3 4-line quatrains
and
a 2-line couplet
rhyming
abab cdcd efef gg
. Each of the three
quatrains
usually
explores
a
different
variation
of
the
main
theme.
The
couplet
presents
a
summarizing
or
concluding
statement.

Ode
颂词


A lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing
or a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. The
English odes are of three types.

Ode
to
the
West
Wind

is
of
the
horatian
type:
with
stanza
of
uniform
length
and
arrangement.
It
consists
of
five
14-lined
stanzas of iambic pentameter, each of the stanza containing four
tercets and a closing couplet.
The rhyme scheme is

aba, bcb,
cdc, ded, ee.

史诗
Epic

A.

An extended narrative poem with a heroic or superhuman
protagonist engaged in an action of great significance in a
vast setting (often including the underworld and engaging
the gods).
B.

Examples:
Edmund
Spenser's
The
Faerie
Queene
,
John
Milton's
Paradise Lost
, William Wordsworth's
The Prelude
,
and T. S. Eliot's
The Waste Land.
Elements of poetry
Poetry stresses on rhythm, imagery, emotion and imagination.
1. Meter
韵律

A fixed arrangement of accented and unaccented syllables in a
foot
。
主要有
The iamb
抑扬格
/trochee
扬抑格
, anapest
抑抑扬
格
, dactyl
扬抑抑格


Foot
音步

指诗歌保持节奏的不断重复的音节组合。

The number of feet:
Monometer

1 foot
Dimeter




2 feet
Trimeter




3 feet
Tetrameter


4 feet
Pentameter


5 feet
Hexameter


6 feet
Heptameter


7 feet
Octameter



8 feet

五步抑扬格
Iambic pentameter
Iambic pentameter is a meter in poetry. It has an unrhymed line
with 5 iambs or feet. Iambic means the stress is on the second