decline什么意思2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套)

2021年1月19日发(作者：缺口)
2018
年
6
月四级考试真题（第三套）

Part
Ⅰ



















Writing


















(30 minutes)
Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on
the importance of
speaking ability and how to develop it
. You should write at least 120 words but no more
than 180 words.

Part
Ⅱ










Listening Comprehension

说明：
2018
年
6
月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第 二套
的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。


Part
Ⅲ


Section A











Reading Comprehension










(40 minutes)

I
n this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for
Directions:
each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage
through
carefully
before
making
your
choices.
Each
choice
in
the
bank
is
identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on
Answer Sheet
2

with
a
single line
through
the
centre.
You
may
not
use
any
of
the
words
in
the
bank
more than once.
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are
used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first

26


in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem
for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was


27

.
During
this
renovation
the
building’s
owners,
CIS,


28


the
solar
panel
company,
Solarcentury.
They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels.
In 2004, the completed CIS tower became
Europe’s largest


29


of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large


30


has
never been repeated since.
Covering
a
skyscraper
with
solar
panels
had
never
been
done
before,
and
the
CIS
tower
was
chosen as one of
the “
10
best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project,
it
was
the
tallest
building
in
the
United
Kingdom,
but
it
was


31


overtaken
by
the
Millbank

Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t


32


cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much
less pollution than that caused by energy


33


through fossil fuels. As solar panels get


34

,
the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees
do. Imagine a world where
building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of


35

, but rather one to
collect the most solar energy.

A) cheaper

B) cleaner


C) collection

D) competed

E) constructed

F) consulted

G) dimension

H) discovered














I) eventually
J) height
K) necessarily
L) production
M) range
N) scale
O) undertaken

Section B
Directions:
In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement
contains
information
given
in
one
of
the
paragraphs.
Identify
the
paragraph
from
which
the
information
is
derived.
You
may
choose
a
paragraph
more
than
once.
Each
paragraph
is
marked
with
a
letter.
Answer
the
questions
by
marking
the
corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
.


Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework

A)
Digital
learning
systems
now
charge
students
for
access
codes
needed
to
complete
coursework,
take quizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new
hit to their finances that’s replacing
—
and sometimes joining
—
expensive textbooks: pricey online
access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.

B)
The
codes
—
which
typically
range
in
price
from
$$80
to
$$155
per
course
—
give
students
online
access
to
systems
developed
by
education
companies
like
McGraw
Hill
and
Pearson.
These
companies,
which
long
reaped
big
profits
as
textbook
publishers,
have
boasted
that
their
new
online
offerings,
when
pushed
to
students
through
universities
they
partner
with,
represent
the
future of the industry.

C)
But
critics
say
the
digital
access
codes
represent
the
same
profit-seeking
ethos

(
观念
)
of
the
textbook
business,
and
are
even
harder
for
students
to
opt
out
of.
While
they
could
once
buy
second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible
to avoid.

D)
“
When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook
monopoly
(
垄断
), a
new way to lock students around this system,” said Ethan Senack, the higher education
advocate
for
the
U.S.
Public
Interest
Research
Group,
to
BuzzFeed
News.
“Rather
than
$$250

(for
a
print
textbook)
you’re
paying
$$
1
20,”
said
Senack.
“But
because
it’s
all
digital
it
eliminates
the
used
book market
and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests
are through
an access
code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”


E) Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she
first
started
college
in
2015
—
pay
rent
or
pay
to
turn
in
her
chemistry
homework.
She
told
BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided
by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the
code to access the program cost $$120
—
a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $$450 for
textbooks, and had rent day approaching.

F) She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $$150-$$200, to pay for
the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It’s a

balancing act,” she
said. “Can I really afford these access codes now?” She didn’t
hand in her first two assignments for
chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.

G)
The
access
codes
may
be
another
financial
headache
for
students,
but
for
textbook
businesses,
they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21%
of the higher education market, reported in
March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company
said that 45% of its $$140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”


H) A Pearson spokesperson
told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a
good
investment” that offer new features,
like audio
texts,
personalized knowledge
checks and

expert
videos.
Its
digital
course
materials
save
students
up
to
60%
compared
to
traditional
printed
textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment,
but its CEO
David Levin told the
Financial Times

in August that “in higher education, the era of
the printed
textbook is now over.”


I) The textbook industry insists
the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These
digital
products aren’t just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds

of features,”
David
Anderson,
the
executive
director
of
higher
education
with
the
Association
of
American
Publishers,
told
BuzzFeed
News.
“It
helps
students
understand
in
a
way
that
you

can’t
do
with
print homework assignments.”


J) David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital
textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands
the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his
students to buy
access
to
a
learning
program
that
controls
the
class
assignments.
“I
try
to

make
things
as
inexpensive as possible,” said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his
classes but designs his
own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but

I feel like I’m giving up
control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit
the students most.”


K) A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends
$$500-
$$600 on access
codes for class.
In one case, the professor didn’t
require students
to
buy a
textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This
year she said she spent $$900 on access
codes to books and programs. “That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You

can’t sell any of it back.
With
a
traditional
textbook
you
can
sell
it
for
$$30-$$50
and
that
helps
to
pay
for
your
new
semester’s books. With an access code, you’re out of that money.”


L)
Benjamin
Wolverton,
a
19-year-old
student
at
the
University
of
South
Carolina,
told
BuzzFeed
News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have t
o pay for all these
access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have
been required
simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in

class,” he said.