5368-pickup是什么意思
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2014
年
6
月英语
四级仔细阅读真题（第一套）及答案
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just
one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it.
All
the
traditional
reasons
put
forward
to
interpret
the
pay
gap-that
women
fall
behind
when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don't seek as many
management roles- failed to justify this one. These young women didn't have kids yet. And
because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these
women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.
But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that
no
matter
how
many
women
may
be
getting
college
degrees,
the
university
experience
is
still
an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus
on the economic consequences of our students' years on campus.
Now
that
women
are
the
majority
of
college
students
and
surpass
men
in
both
the
number
of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a
pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high
school,
they
start
to
trail
off
during
their
college
years.
They
enroll
in
different
kinds
of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (
非常严格的
) subjects, and generally head off
with less ambitious plans.
As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the
workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat
confused, still stumbling
(
栽倒
)
over the
dilemmas
their grandmothers' generation sought
to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (
性感的
) All their
lives,
today's
young
women
have
been
pushed
to
embrace
both
perfection
and
passion-to
pursue
science
and
sports,
math
and
theater-and
do
it
all
as
well
as
they
possibly
can.
No
wonder
they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are
too exhausted, and too scared of failing.
56. Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because ______.
A) they have failed to take as many rigorous courses
B) they do not feel as fit for management roles
C) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home
D) they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities
57. What does the author say about America's higher education system?
A) It does not offer specific career counseling to women.
B) It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.
C) It does not take care of women students' special needs.
D) It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.
58. What does the author say about today's college experience?
A) It is different for male and female students.
B) It is not the same as that of earlier generations.
C) It is more exhausting than most women expect.
D) It is not so satisfying to many American students.
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59. What does the author say about women students in college?
A) They have no idea how to bring out their best.
B) They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.
C) They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.
D) They don't perform as well as they did in high school.
60. How
does the author explain the
pay gap between
men
and
women fresh from
college?
A) Women are too worn out to be ambitious.
B) Women are not ready to take management roles.
C) Women are caught between career and family.
D) Women are not good at negotiating salaries.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Heading leadership literature, you'd
sometimes
think that
everyone has the potential
to be an effective leader.
I
don't
believe
that
to
be
true.
In
fact,
I
see
way
fewer
truly
effective
leaders
than
I see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously
misguided about their own abilities.
Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire
to (
追求
) leadership in the first place.
We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a
decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing
the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural
born leaders.
Truth
is,
they're
nothing
of
the
sort.
True
leaders
don't
assume
that
it's
their
divine
(
神圣的
)
right,
to
take
charge
every
time
two
or
more
people
get
together.
Quite
the
opposite.
A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when
their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it.
Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant
motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can't
be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their
one leadership tool is volume: if they think you aren't working as hard as they think you
should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher.
True
leaders understand the value of
action, of course,
but
it isn't their only
tool.
In
fact,
it
isn't
even
their
primary
tool.
Great
leaders
see
more
than
everyone
else:
answers,
solutions,
patterns,
problems,
opportunities.
They
know
it's
vitally
important
to
do,
but
they also know that thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally
important.
If
you're
too
concerned
with
outcomes
to
the
extent
that
you
manipulate
and
intimidate
others
to
achieve
those
outcomes,
then
you
aren't
leading
at
all,
you're
dictating.
A
true
leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets
and achieve their goals.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
61. What does the author think of the leaders he knows?
A) Many of them are used to taking charge.
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B) Few of them are equal to their positions.
C) Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.
D) Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.
62. Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?
A) They believe they have the natural gift to lead.
B) They believe in what leadership literature says.
C) They have proved competent in many situations.
D) They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.
63. What characterizes a great leader according to the author?
A) Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves.
B) Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.
C) Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.
D) Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.
64. How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate
action?
A) They reassess the situation at hand.
B) They become impatient and rude.
C) They resort to any tool available.
D) They blame their team members.
65. What is the author's advice to leaders?
A) Concentrate on one specific task at a time.
B) Use different tools to achieve different, goals.
C) Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.
D) Show determination when faced with tough tasks.
第三套
Passage
One
Questions
56
to
60
are
based
on
the
following
passage
.
Hospitals,
hoping
to
curb
medical
error,
have
invested
heavily
to
put
computers,
smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access
to patient data, drug information and case studies.
But
like
many
cures,
this
solution
has
come
with
an
unintended
side
effect;
doctors
and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments
of
critical
care.
A
poll
showed
that
half
of
medical
technicians
had
admitted
texting
during a procedure.
This
phenomenon
has
set
off
an
intensifying
discussion
at
hospitals
and
medical
schools about a problem perhaps best described as
response, some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devices in
critical settings, while schools have started reminding medical students to focus
on patients instead of devices.
you can
surf the Internet or do Facebook,
and sometimes Facebook is more tempting,
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本能的感觉
) is lives are in danger,
A
survey
of
439
medical
technicians
found
that
55
percent
of
technicians
who
monitor
bypass
machines
acknowledged
that
they
had
talked
on
cellphones
during
heart
surgery. Half said they had texted while in surgery. The study concluded,
distractions have the potential to be disastrous.
Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones, and
multitasking is simply a fact of life for many medical jobs.
What has changed, say
doctors,
especially
younger
ones,
is
that
they
face
increasing
pressure
to
interact
with their devices.
The
pressure
stems
from
a
mantra(
信条
)
of
modem
medicine
that
patient
care
must
be
By many accounts, the technology has helped reduce medical error by providing
instant access to patient data or prescription details.
Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology
great
potential
in
health
care,
but
he
added
that
doctors'
first
priority
should be with the patient.
注意：
此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
56.
Why
do
hospitals
equip
their
staff
with
computers,
smartphones
and
other
devices?
A) To reduce medical error.
B) To cope with emergencies.
C) To facilitate administration.
D) To simplify medical procedures.
57. What does the author refer to by
A) The disservice done by modem devices to doctors, nurses, as well as patients.
B) The tendency of medical institutions encouraging the use of modem devices.
C) The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.
D) The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working.
does Dr. Peter Papadakos worry about?
A) Medical students are not adequately trained to use modem technology.
B) Doctors' interaction with their devices may endanger patients' lives.
C) octors are relying too heavily on modem electronic technology.
D) Pressures on the medical profession may become overwhelming.
59. Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to use modem devices?
A) Patients trust doctors who use modem technology.
B) Use of modem devices adds to hospitals' revenues.
C) Data is given too much importance in patient care.
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D) Patients' data has to be revised from time to time.
60. What is Peter Carmel's advice to doctors?
A) They follow closely the advances in medical science.
B) They focus their attention on the patient's condition.
C) They observe hospital rules and regulations.
D) They make the best use of modem devices.
Passage
Two
Questions
61
to
65
are
based
on
the
following
passage
.
I
have
closely
watched
my
generation,
known
as
The
Millennials,
for
29
years
now. Joel Stein wrote an extensive piece on Millennials and he remains rather
optimistic about our potential.
I hesitate to share his optimism because of a paradox (
矛盾的现象
) we seem
to exhibit,
namely, that there are
more avenues
for us to entertain ourselves than
ever before, yet we are more bored than ever before.
Entertainment has never been more varied. We have more cable channels, television
shows, and movies than ever before. Internet providers allow instant viewing of
almost any movie or television program ever created. Social drinking and partying
are also widely available for Millennials. Every generation develops these habits
at a certain age, but Millennials seem to be extending this phase of life as they
postpone marriage.
Some
of
this
is
undoubtedly
due
to
The
Great
Recession.
Millennials
are
having
a
difficult
time
finding
jobs;
only
47
percent
of
16-to-24-year-olds
are
employed,
the smallest share since government started recording data in 1948.
But do Millennials respond to these economic troubles by doing whatever it takes
to make ends meet? Hardly. In fact, of the four generations Pew Research has data
for, the Millennial generation does not cite work ethic (
勤奋工作
) as distinctive
of itself. Millennials want to save the world, but they sit and wait for that
world-changing opportunity to be handed to them. Instead of working 2 -3 jobs,
launching
a
business,
or
doing
what
it
takes
to
succeed,
they
retreat.
Millennials
may be the first generation to have a lower standard of living than their parents,
but with this response to adversity (
逆境
), perhaps deservingly so.
Much ink has been spilled in management books discussing how to get the most out
of these youths in the workplace. Largely, they come to the same conclusion;
Millennials
are
entitled,
over-confident,
and
expect
too
much
too
quickly.
We
should
not
be
surprised.
Today's
young
adults
were
raised
by
parents
who
made
sure
to
boost
their
self- esteem
at
every
turn,
telling
them
they
could
achieve
whatever
they
set
their minds to, and handing out prizes for the sixth place.
61. What does the author of the passage think of Millennials?
A) They show little interest in entertainment.
B) They are not confident about their ability.
C)They enjoy an easy life due to high technology.
D)They may not have bright prospects for success.
5368-pickup是什么意思
5368-pickup是什么意思
5368-pickup是什么意思
5368-pickup是什么意思
5368-pickup是什么意思
5368-pickup是什么意思
5368-pickup是什么意思
5368-pickup是什么意思
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