honey中文意思2015年6月英语四级考试真题及答案(精编版)

2021年1月19日发(作者：story)
















2015
年
6
月大学英语四级考试真题

Part
Ⅲ


Reading Comprehension

( 40 minutes)
Section A

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access
to a quality education. Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The
initiative
will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need
them most.

It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students
reach their full 39 ,
and
deep
40
of
our
nation's
teachers
and
principals,
students
in
high-poverty,
high-
minority
schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators
will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better
recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who
need them most.
Today's
announcement
is
another
important
step
forward
in
improving
access
to
a
quality
education,
a
44
of President
Obama's
year
of
action .Later
today,
Secretary
Duncan
will
lead
a
roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of
working in high- need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators
in these schools.
A.
Announcing



B. beneficial



C. challenges



D. commitment

E. component




F. contests





G
. critically



H. develop
I. distributing

J. enhance






K. entitled





L. potential

M. properly





N. qualified




O. retain

Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which
the
information
is
derived.
You
may
choose
a
paragraph
more
than
once.
Each
paragraph
is
marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
2.
The Changes Facing Fast Food
A
）

Fast-food
firms
have
to
be
a
thick-skinned
bunch.
Health
experts
regularly
criticize
them
severely
for
selling
food
that
makes
people
fat.
Critics
even
complain
that
McDonald's,
whose
logo symbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These
are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The burger
business faces more pressure from regulators at a time
when it is already adapting strategies in
response to shifts in the global economy.
B)
Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, the
logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such
down”
proved

true
for
much
of
the
latest
recession,
when
fast-food
companies
picked
up
customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America,
















the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $$1 menus and cheap combination
meals.
C)

As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive
competitors. In 2009 sales at full- service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total
sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.
In some
markets, such as Japan,
France and
Britain,
total
spending
on
fast
food
increased.
Same-store
sales
in
America
at
McDonald's,
the
world's
largest
fast-food
company,
did
not
decline
throughout
the
downturn.
Pan
era
Bread,
an
American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers
higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.
D)

But
not
all
fast-food
companies
have
been
as
fortunate.
Many,
such
as
Burger
King,
have
seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat
at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller
fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard
in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased
spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.
E
）

Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better
value.
During
the
recession
companies
set
prices
low,
hoping
that
once
they
had
tempted
customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many
cases that strategy did not work. Last year Burger King franchisees (
特许经营人
)sued (
起诉
)the
company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required
to sell these for $$1 when they cost$$1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favor of Burger King.
Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more
expensive ones because items on its
up
from 12% last October.
F
）


Analysts
expect
the
fast-food
industry
to
grow
modestly
this
year.
But
the
downturn
is
making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice
(
引诱
)consumers away from $$1 , a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco
Bell
and Pizza
Hut,
has
launched
a chicken
sandwich
that
costs
around $$
in May
Burger
King introduced barbecue (
烧烤
)pork ribs at $$7 for eight.
G
）
Companies
are
also
trying
to
get
customers
to
buy
new
and
more
items,
including
drinks.
McDonald’s

started
selling
better
coffee
as
a
challenge
to
Starbucks.
Its

Mc
Cafe
line
now
accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best
coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.
H)

As fast-food companies shift from
traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food.
McDonald’s
will start selling porridge (
粥
)in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be
very profitable, says Sara Senator of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.
Fast-food
companies
are
also
adding
midday
and
late-night
snacks,
such
as
blended
drinks
and
wraps. The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu,
products they want all day,
I)


But
what
about
those
growing
waistlines?
So
far,
fast-food
firms
have
cleverly
avoided
government regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they
have
at
least
given
the
impression
of
doing
something
about
helping
to
fight
obesity
(
肥胖
症
).These
offerings
are
not
necessarily
loss-leaders,
as
they
broaden
the
appeal
of
outlets
to
















groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be
forced to order salads instead of fries.
J)
In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough.
and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now,
America’s
health- reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20
or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A study by the National
Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting
law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and
revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunlin Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it is
said, that menu-labeling could favor chains that have more healthy offerings.
K)
In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to
continue innovating (
创新
).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menu
means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago.
more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world,
recent
proposal
by
a
county
in
California
to
ban
McDonald's
from
including
toys
in
its
high-
calorie”
Happy

Meals
because
legislators
believe
it
attracts
children
to
unhealthy
food,
suggests there isa lot more left to do.
people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials
for children.
47. Fast-food fins may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.
48. Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.
49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the
obesity problem.
50.
During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.
51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.
52. During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often
proved ineffective.
53. Fast- food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.
54. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced
items.
55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve
on the menu.

Section C
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

If
you
think
a
high-factor
sunscreen
(
防晒霜
)keeps
you
safe
from
harmful
rays,
you
may
be
wrong.
Research
in
this
week's
Nature
shows
that
while
factor
50
reduces
the
number
of
melanomas(
黑瘤
)and
delays
their
occurrence,
it
can't
prevent
them.
Melanomas
are
the
most
aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or
green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if
you
have
periodic
intense
exposure
to
the
sun.
Other
skin
cancers
are
increasingly
likely
with
long-term exposure.
There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas

the evidence
















is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin
cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621
people
found
that
people
randomly
selected
to
apply
sunscreen
daily
had
half
the
rate
of
melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with
melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside
other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This
study
said
other
forms
of
sun
protection

not
sunscreen

seemed
most
beneficial.
The
study
relied
on
people
remembering
what
they
had
done
over
each
decade
of
their
lives,
so
it's
not
entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security
in the sun.
Many people also don't use sunscreen properly

applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply
after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying

recent
research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as
shown
by
Australian
figures
from
their
slip-slop-slap
campaign.
So
if
there
is
a
heat
wave
this
summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (
抹上
)sunscreen and slap on a hat.
56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?
A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
B. It will protect them from sunburn.
C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.
D. It will work for people of any skin color.
57. What does the research in Nature say about a high- factor sunscreen?
A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.
B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.
C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure.
D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin.
58.

What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?
A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.
B

High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.
C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.
D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
59.

What does the author say about the second Australian study?
A. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.
B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.
C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.
D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.
60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?
A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.
B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.
C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.
D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Across
the
rich
world,
well-educated
people
increasingly
work
longer
than
the
65%
of
American
men
aged
62
-74
with
a
professional
degree
are
in
the
















workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a
deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological
advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The
consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.
The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than
ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost
double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity
(
长寿
)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many
observers
that
this
shift
will
lead
to
slower
economic
growth,
while
the
swelling
ranks
of
pensioners will create government budget problems.
But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend,
the
growing
gap
between
the
skilled
and
the
unskilled.
Employment
rates
are
falling
among
younger
unskilled
people,
whereas
older
skilled
folk
are
working
longer.
The
divide
is
most
extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (
二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人
)are
putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.
Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to
encourage
people
to
retire
early.
Rising
life
expectancy
(
预期寿命
),
combined
with
the
replacement
of
generous
defamed-benefit
pension
plans
with
less
generous defined-contribution
ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the
changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and
those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are
more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift:
the
skills
that
complement
computers,
from
management
knowhow
to
creativity,
do
not
necessarily decline with age.
61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?
A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.
B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.
C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year.
D. People with no college degree do not easily find work.
62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?
A. Longer life expectancies.
B. A rapid technological advance.
C. Profound changes in the workforce.
D. A growing number of the well-educated.
63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?
A. Economic growth will slow down.
B

Government budgets will increase.
C. More people will try to pursue higher education.
D. There will be more competition in the job market.
64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?
A.

Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
B. More people have to receive in-service training.
C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
















65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
A. Computers will do more complicated work.
B. More will be taken by the educated young.
C. Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.
D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.
Part
Ⅳ



Translation


( 30 minutes)
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
translate
a
passage
from
Chinese
into
English. You should write your answer on
Answer Sheet 2.

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。
构成现 代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。
中国现在拥
有世界上发展最快的经济，
并正经历 着一次新的工业革命。
中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探
索计划，其中包括到
2020< br>年建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界最大的出口国之一，并正
在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也 在海外投资数十亿美元。
2011
年，中国超越日本成为世
界第二大经济体。

2015
年
6
月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解

Part
Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension
美 国教育部正在努力确保所有学生享有接受高质量教育的乎等权利：今天，它
(36)
宣布开始< br>实施
“为所有学生提供优秀教育工作者”
的活动方案。
这一方案将帮助各州和各 学区为那些
有最迫切需要的学生提供优秀教育工锋者的支持
.
“所有的孩子
.
不分种族、
居住地及家庭收入，
都应
(37)
有权利接受高质量的 教育。
为教师和
校长们提供帮助学生发挥全部
(39)
潜力所需的支持是(38)
至关重要的，
”美国教育部部长阿
恩·邓肯说。
“尽管我们国家 的教师和校长们工作出色且全情
(40)
投入，全国各地那些极为
贫困及少数民族聚集 的学校的学生仍然受到不公正的对待：
我们必须努力做到更好。
地方官
员和教育工作者 都将
(41)
形成他们自己的创造性解决方案，但是我们必须共同努力，
(42)增
强我们对于如何更好地为所有学生招募、支持和
(43)
留住优秀教师和校长的 关注，特别是那
些最需要他们的孩子们。
”

今天的公告是改善获得高质量教 育权利的又一重要步骤，
是奥巴马总统行动年的一个
(44)
组
成部分。今天晚些时候，
邓肯部长将带领召开与来自全国各地的校长和学校教师展开的圆桌
会议，< br>讨论有关在高需求的学校工作面临的
(45)
挑战以及如何采取有前途的举措以支持在这
些学校的教育工作者：

名词：
C)challenges
挑战；< br>D)commitment
投入，
承诺；
E)component
组成 部分，
部件；
F)contests
比赛；
L)potential
潜力，可能性

动词：
A)announcing
宣布，
宣称；H)develop
形成，
发展；
I)distributing
分发，
散布；
J)enhance
增强，提高；
K)entitled
使< br>(
某人
)
有权利；
O)retain
留用

形容词：
B)beneficial
有利的，有益的；
N)qualified
胜任的，合格的

副词：
G)critically
很大程度上，极为重要 地；
M)properly
合理地，正确地

36.A) announcing
。

动词辨析题。句首出现时间状语
today
，空格位于系动词
is
和名词短语
the
launch
of< br>?之间，因此空格处需要填人动词的现在分词形式，构成现在进行时。前一句
提到，
美国 教育部正在努力确保所有学生享有接受高质量教育的平等权利。
因此，
空格处需
要填人 一个能够与名词
launch
构成动宾搭配的动词，
表示
“宣布开始实施一项 方案或活动”
。
由此确定
announcing
为本题答案，意思是“宣布”
。备选词中，
distributing
意思是“分发，
散布”
，与 此处文意不符，且无法与
launch
构成动宾搭配，故排除。

37.K
)entitled
。

动词辨析题。空格前面是系动词
are，后面是介词
to
及其宾语，因此空格
处需要填入形容词作表语或者动词的被动语 态，并与介词
to
搭配。上文提到，美国教育部
















今天宣布开始实施为所有学生提供优秀教育工作者的活动方案，
本句解释 了实施此方案的原
因，即所有孩子都应有权利接受高质量的教育。因此，空格处需要填人一个表示“有权 利”
或“有资格”的形容词，且能够与介词
to
搭配，备选形容词中只有
en titled
同时符合这两项
要求，由此确定其为本题答案。
be
entitled
to
意思是“有??资格”
。备选词中，
ben eficial
意思是“有利的，有益的”
，与此处文意不符，排除；
qualifi ed
意思是“有资格的”
，但不能
与介词
to
搭配使用，因此也可以排除。

38.G)critically
。

副词辨析题。空格前面是系动词
is
，后面是形容词
important，因此空格处
需要填入一个副词，用来修饰形容词
important
。上句提到 ，所有的孩子，不分种族、居住
地及家庭收入，
都应有权利接受高质量的教育，
本句承 接上句，
表明为教师和校长们提供帮
助学生发挥全部潜力所需支持的重要性。
因此，< br>空格处需要填入一个表示
“非常，
相当，
很”
的副词，与
im portant
表达“至关重要”的意义，由此确定副词
critically
为本题 答案，意思
是“很大程度上，极为重要地”
。备选词中，
properly
意 思是“合理地，正确地”
，与此处文
意不符，因此可以排除。

39.L)potential
。

名词辨析题。空格前面为形容词性物主代 词
their
及形容词
hill
，因此空格
处需要填人一个名词。< br>本句提到要为教师和校长们提供支持，
而这些支持是为了帮助学生发
挥其全部潜力。因此 ，空格处需要填入一个能与动词
reach
相搭配的名词，且表达“潜力，
能力”的意 义，由此确定名词
potential
为本题答案，意思是“潜力”
。备选词中，challenges
意思是“挑战”
，
commitment
意思是“ 投入，承诺”
，
component
意思是“组成部分，部件”
，
c ontests
意思是“比赛”
，均与此处文意不符，且不能与动词
reach
搭配，可以排除。

40.D)commitment
。

名词辨 析题。空格前面为形容词
deep
，后面为介词
of
，因此空格处需
要填人名词。
根据连词
and
可以判断，
该名词与
and
前 面的
excellentwork
在意义上应该是并
列的，
且根据上下文，此 处要表达的意义是教师和校长们工作出色且努力。
因此，
空格处的
名词表达的是
“努力”
或
“投入”
的意思，
且为不可数的抽象名词，
备选词中只 有
commitment
一词符合要求，由此确定其为本题答案。备选词中的
chal lenges
和
contests
均为可数名词复
数形式，
可以排除 ；
component
意思是
“组成部分，
部件”
，
与此处 文意不符，
且不能用
deep
进行修饰，可以排除；
potential已经用过，直接排除。

41.H)develop
。

动词辨析题。空格前面为助动词
will
，后面为名词短语
their
own
creative
Solutions
，因此空格处需要填入动词 原形，与
will
构成一般将来时态，并与名词
Solutions
构成动宾 短语。
Solutions
意思是“解决方案”
，因此填入的动词应该表达“想出，找 到”或
“研究出，制定出”的意义。由此可以确定，动词
develop
为本题答案， 意思是“形成”
。
备选词中，
enhance
意思是“增强，提高”
，
retain
意思是“留用”
，均不能与
Solutions
搭配 ，
且与此处文意不符，因此可以排除。

42.J)enhance
。

动词辨析题。空格前面是动词短语
work
together
及动词不定式 符号
to
，后
面是名词短语
our focus
，因此空格处需要填入动词原形，且与
Our focus
构成动宾搭配。 根
据上下文，
教育部长认为我们必须共同努力增强对于某些问题的关注。
因此，
空格处填人的
动词应该表达
“增强，
增加”
的意义，
由此可以确定 ，
动词
enhance
为本题答案，
意思是
“增
强，提高”
。备选词中，
develop
已经用过，直接排除；
retain
意 思是“留用”
，与此处文意不
符，也可以排除。

43.O)retain
。

动词辨析题。根据
and
前面 的两个动词
recruit
和
support
及其形式可以判断，
空 格处需要填入的是动词原形，
且与
recruit
和
support
构成并列关系，
recruit
意思是
“招募”
，
support< br>意思是“支持，配备”
，宾语都是空格后的
effective teachers and principals
，由此可以
确定，动词
retain
为本题答 案。

44.E)component
。

名词辨析题。空格前面是 不定冠词
a
，后面是介词
of
，因此空格处需要
















填入可数名词的单数形式。
前面讲到，
今 天的公告是改善获得高质量教育权利的又一重要步
骤，而介词
of
后面又提到了奥巴马 总统行动年，因此可以判断今天的公告内容是奥巴马总
统行动年的行动内容之一，空格处应填入表示“内 容，组成部分”的名词。由此可以确定名
词
component
为本题答案，意思是“ 组成部分”
。备选词中，
commitment
和
potential
已经用
过，直接排除；
challenges
和
contests
均为可数名词的复数形式，也可以排除。

45.C)challenges
。名词辨 析题。
空格前面是定冠词
the
，后面是介词
of
，
因此空 格处应填入名
词形式。
本句介绍的是邓肯部长将带领召开与来自全国各地的校长和学校教师展开 的圆桌会
议内容，根据上下文，在高需求的学校工作必将面临更多的挑战或困难。因此，空格处填入的名词可能表达“困难，问题”或“挑战”的意义，由此可以判断，名词
challenges为本题
答案，意思是“挑战”
。备选词中，
commitment
，potential
和
component
均用过，直接排除；
cont ests
意思是“比赛”
，与此处文意不符，也可以排除。


快餐业面临的改变

A)
快餐业不得不成为一个厚着脸皮生存的群体。健康专 家因其向人们兜售令人肥胖的食品
而不断对其进行猛烈抨击。
评论家们甚至抱怨说商标代表超高 热量的麦当劳不应该获准赞助
世界杯。
(47)
这些是快餐业已经学会去处理的一些事 情。但是，可能撑不了多久。当汉堡企
业准备采取策略来对全球经济的变化做出回应时
,
还面临着来自监管部门更多的压力。

B)
快餐曾经被认为可以抵抗经济衰退。(50)
逻辑上，当消费者要削减开支时，巨无霸和皇堡
等便宜的食物会变得更有吸引力。
在最近的经济衰退中，
当快餐商家留住了那些在休闲餐馆
也付不起钱的消费者时，这样 的“降级消费”得以证明。在美国，这个快餐的发源地，伴随
着快餐业的打折活动以及促销活动，
例如推出
l
美元菜单和便宜的什锦饭，快餐店客流也变
得兴旺起来。
C)
结果，快餐连锁企业比那些贵一点的同行们更好地度过了这次经济危机。在
2009< br>年美国
提供全方位服务的餐馆的营业额与以前同期相比有超过
6
％的降幅，但是快餐连锁企业的营
业额却依然保持不变。其他国家的市场，
如日本、
法国和英 国，在快餐上的整体消费呈增长
态势。
在美国同行业的营业额中，
世界上最大的快餐企 业麦当劳在没有下滑的情况下度过了
经济衰退期。
以其新鲜原料闻名的美国快餐连锁店帕尼罗面 包同样表现良好，
因为它以比饭
店低廉的价格提供了更高质量的食品。

D)
但并非所有的快餐企业都如此幸运。诸如汉堡王等许多企业的营业额就有所下滑。
(51)在经济衰退的严峻时期，
尽管一些人降级消费转向快餐，
但许多人为了省钱而更频繁地在家
里吃饭。瑞士联合银行的分析师大卫·帕尔曼表示，在美国，一些小型的快餐连锁店，如玩
偶匣 和卡乐星，
在这次经济衰退中受到了特别严重的冲击，
因为它们要与麦当劳这样的全球
性快餐巨头进行竞争。
去年，
在其他企业都减少广告投入的情况下，
麦当劳在广告宣传 土的
投入却增加了
7
％多。

E)
一些快餐企业还不惜牺牲 自己的利润试图给顾客们更好的优惠。
(52)
在经济衰退期间，很
多商家采取低价策 略，
他们期望一旦吸引顾客进门，
就能够劝说他们购买稍贵的产品。
但在
多数 情况下，
这种策略并不奏效。
去年，
汉堡王的特许经销商就因为双层奶酪汉堡的促销活
动而起诉该公司，声称以
l
美元出售这些成本价为
1.10
美元的产 品对他们来说是不公平的。
五月份法官裁决表示支持汉堡王。
尽管如此，
这家公司可能 还是要咒骂其做出的促销便宜菜
品而不是更高价菜品的决定，
因为这些
“实惠菜单”< br>上的菜品在销售总额中所占的比例从去
年
lo
月的
l2
％上升 到了现在的
20
％。

F)(54)
分析人士对今年快餐业的适度增 长有所期待。但是衰退的形势促使商家重新考虑他们
的策略。
现在许多商家推出一些价格稍高的 商品试图将消费者从
1
美元的特价商品中吸引回
来。
拥有塔可钟和必胜客的百 胜餐饮集团的旗下品牌肯德基已经推出了一款售价约
5
美元的
















鸡肉三明治。五月份汉堡王推出了
7
美元八个的烤猪排。

G)许多快餐企业也试图让消费者购买包括饮料在内的更多新产品。麦当劳开始销售更优质
的咖啡作为对 星巴克的挑战。它的“麦克咖啡”系列在美国本土的销售量约占
6
％。
(48)
星
巴克已经将它的西雅图最好咖啡的品牌版权出售给了汉堡王，
该咖啡将在今年晚些时候开始
销售。

H)
因为销售策略从
“大尺寸”
向
“更多 买家”
转变，
快餐商家需要维持一天的高客流量。
(53)
许多商家看到了早 餐市场的巨大商机，
而不是仅仅出售高脂肪的食物。
麦当劳明年将在美国
销售粥类食物 。
伯恩斯坦调查公司的分析师莎拉·
塞纳托尔表示，
早餐市场具有很好的赚钱
潜力，
因为其利润相当高。
快餐商家也在增加中午和夜晚小吃的种类，
例如混合型饮料 及包
装食品。其想法是，通过在菜单上涵盖更广的范围，
“我们可以卖给消费者他们一整天都需
要的食物，
”百胜集团首席财务官瑞克·卡如茨说道。

I)
但是那 些越长越粗的腰围怎么办呢
?
到目前为止，快餐企业已经聪明地避开了政府的监管。
( 49)
通过提供一些健康的选择，像沙拉和低热量的三明治，这些企业至少给人们留下了采取
行 动帮助对抗肥胖的印象。
提供的这些东西未必是亏本特卖品，
因为它们增强了廉价食品店
对食客群体，包括不想吃汉堡的人们的吸引力。但是消费者不能被强制点沙拉来代替薯条。

J)
在未来，简单提供一些健康的可供选择的食品可能是不够的。
“每一个我所了解的包装食< br>品和餐馆企业现在都在关心法律规定，
”瑞银集团的帕尔曼先生表示。
(55)
今年美国国会通
过的健康改革法案要求拥有
20
家及以上连锁店的餐馆将它们所供应的 食品卡路里含量印制
在菜单上。一项由美国国家经济研究局开展的对
2007
年在纽约 推出的相似热量张贴法案对
星巴克的影响跟踪调查发现，
在旁边有唐恩都乐连锁店的情况下，< br>星巴克每次交易中的平均
热量值减少了
6
％，而收益增长了
3
％——也就是说，这些菜单标签有助于这些连锁企业提
供更健康的菜品。

K)
为了避免与美国和其他地方的法规起冲突，快餐企业将不得不继续创新。麦当劳的沃
特·
瑞克 宣称其公司已经对菜单进行了改良，
这意味着麦当劳与几年前相比会提供更多健康
的食品。“与世界上的其他餐饮企业相比，我们可能会销售更多的蔬菜、更多的牛奶、更多
的沙拉以及更多的 苹果，
”他说道。
(46)
但是加利福尼亚州的一个小镇最近提出一项议案，
即禁止麦当劳在其高热量的
“快乐套餐”
中附赠玩具，
因为立法者们认为这会引诱孩子 们去
吃不健康的食物，这表明还有更多事情等着快餐企业去做。

people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials
for children.

有些人提议立法来禁止麦当劳将玩具附赠到为孩子提供的特价食品上。


由题干中的
propose laws
和
toys
定位到文章
K)
段画线处。

K) In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to
continue innovating (
创新
).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menu
means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago.
more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world,
recent
proposal
by
a
county
in
California
to
ban
McDonald's
from
including
toys
in
its
high-calorie

Happy
Meals

because
legislators
believe
it
attracts
children
to
unhealthy
food,
suggests there is a lot more left to do.