档案的英语词汇学复习资料

2021年1月19日发(作者：managerial)
1.
A
word
is _______ of
a
language
that
has
a
given
sound
and
meaning
and
syntactic
function.

A.
a minimal free form

B.
a smallest meaningful unit

C. an element which can not be further analyzed

D. a grammatically minimal form

2. Which of the following statements is Not correct?













A.





A word can be formed by two free morphemes

B.





A word can be formed by a free morpheme and a bound morpheme

C.





A word can be formed by two bound morphemes

D.





A word can be formed by any two affixes.

3.
The
symbolic
connection
of
a
word
to
a
particular
thing
is
almost
always
_______________.

A. logical
B. arbitrary
C. inherent
D. automatic








4.
In
different
languages,
the
same
concepts
can
be
represented
by
different
sounds,
which shows __________.

A.





the relationship between sound and meaning can not be established.

B.





there are different logical relations between sound and meaning

C.





the relation between sound and meaning is a matter of convention


D.





the concepts are not really the same












5. The pronunciation of a language has changed more ______ than spelling over the
years.

A.

systematically B. arbitrarily C. logically D. rapidly












1. The Indo- European language family consists of________.



A.



all the languages in Europe and India

B.



all the languages in India and some languages in Europe.

C.



most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.

D.



Some of
the
languages of Europe and
all the
languages of the Near East

2. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be ______.


A.



A highly inflected language.
B.



A highly developed language.

C.




A
very
difficult
language.




D.




A
language
of
leveled
endings.

3.
The
Eastern
set
of
Indo-European
language
family
includes
such
languages
as
_____.

A.



Polish, Welsh and Hindi B.



English, French and Russian

C.




German,
Persian
and
Irish



D.




Armenian,
Albanian
and
Bulgarian

4. The Germanic family consists of the four European languages: __________.

A.



Slovenian,
Czech,
Romany
and
Italic
B.



Norwegian,
Icelandic,
Danish and Swedish

C.



Scottish, Irish, Welsh and Breton
D.




Portuguese,
Italian, English and German

5. _________ only made a small contribution to the English vocabulary.

A. Latin
B. Celtic
C. Danish D. Spanish


6. The first peoples known to inhabit what is now England are ________.


A. Anglo-Saxons

B. French speaking Normans

C. Celts

D. Jutes

7. English is more closely related to ____________.



A. German than French.
B. French than German

C. Welsh than German D. Irish than Dutch

8.
The
most
important
mode
of
vocabulary
development
in
present-day
English
is
the
creation of new words by means of _______.


A. translation-loans B. semantic loans


C. word formation
D. borrowings


9. Old English vocabulary was in essence ________ with a small quantity of words
borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.


A. Celtic
B. Germanic
C. Roman D. Irish


10. English has evolved from ___________.


A.



an analytic language to a synthetic language

B.



a Celtic language to a British language

C.



analytic language to a less inflectional language

D.



a synthetic language to an analytic language

1. The relationship between the word-form and meaning is ____. Most words can be
said to be___.

A. prescriptive, motivated B. prescriptive, non-motivated

C. arbitrary, motivated


D. arbitrary, non-motivated

of the following is incorrect?

A. “airmail” means “mail by air”


B. “reading
-
lamp” means
“lamp for reading”

C. “green horn” is the horn green in color


D. “hopeless” is “without
hope”

3. ____ explains the connection between the literal sense and triturative sense
of the word.

A. Etymological motivation

B. Onomatopoetic motivation

C. Morphological motivation
D. Semantic motivation

4.
Now
people
use
“pen”
for
any
writing
tool
though
it
originally
denotes
“feature”
. This phenomenon can be explained by____ .

A. etymological motivation


B. onomatopoetic motivation

C. morphological motivation D. semantic motivation

is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.

A. Grammatical meaning
B. Denotative meaning


C. Associative meaning
D. Connotative meaning

6. When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded of
their family, friends, warmth, safety, love. That is because of the “home” has
______.

A. collocations
B. connotations
C. denotations

D.
perorations

7.
“Domicile,
residence,
abode,
home”
are
almost
the
same
in
conceptual
meaning,
but differ mainly in___.

A. connotative meaning B. affective meaning C. collocative meaning
D. stylistic
meaning

8.
____
vary
from
individual
to
individual,
from
culture
to
culture,
from
generation
to generation, from society to society.

A. Connotative and affection meanings
B. Connotative and collcational
meanings

C. Affective and collocational meanings D. Affective and stylistic
meanings

9. “Pretty and handsome”, “tremble and quiver” differ mainly in their

_____
meanings.

A. affective

B. collocative


C. stylistic
D. denotative


word
“
treacle
”
has the following senses: (1)wild beast; (2)remedy for bites of
venomous beasts; (3)antidote for poison or remedy for poison; (4)any effective
remedy; (5)(BrE)molasses. What semantic process has
“
treacle
”
undergone?



A. centralization
B. radiation
C. concatenation

D. narrowing

group of the following are perfect homonyms?



A. dear (a loved person)
—
deer (a kind of animal)

B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)
—
bow(the device used for shooting)

C. bank(the edge of the river)
—
bank (an establishment for money business)

D. right (correct)
—
write (put down on paper with a pen)

following are the main sources of homonyms except
____.



A. change in meaning

B. change in sound C .change in spelling D. borrowing

4.
“
Charm
and
glamour
”
，
“
ranch
and
ran
”
are
two pairs of synonyms
resulting
from___.



A. borrowing

B. dialects and regional English

C. figurative and euphemistic use of words D. with idiomatic expressions

5.
“
win
”
and
“
gain the upper hand
”
，
“
hesitate
”
and
“
be in two minds
”
are two
pairs of synonyms resulting from ____.




A.
coincidence
with
idiomatic
expressions.
B.
figurative
and
euphemistic
use
of words.

C. dialects and regional English. D. borrowing

1. The part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps to
explain its meaning is called _____.

A.





Linguistic context
B.





Grammatical context

C.





Extra- linguistic context D.





Para-linguistic context

2. In a broad sense, extra-linguistic context includes________.

A.





stress
B.





time
C.





intonation D.





word order

3.
From
the
phrase
“
a
white
paper”,
we
know
that
the
meaning
of
the
word
“paper”
here is “document”. This shows that the _______ context can define the meaning
of a word.

A. extra-linguistic B. grammatical
C. lexical
D. situational

4. The meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs.
The
structure
in
which
the
word
in
question
appears
can
be
called
____D____
context.

A.





situational B.





morphological C.





lexical


5. In a narrow sense, context refers to ________ in which a word appears.

A. the words B clauses C. sentences
D. All of the above

6. The extra-linguistic context many extend to embrace _______.

A.
grammatical
context B.
lexical
context
C.
cultural
context
D.
linguistic
context.

7. In different countries, “trade union” can be interpreted in different ways.
This
means
that
_______
may
have
a
defining
influence
on
the
meaning
of
an
expression.

A. linguistic context B. collocation of words

C. a compound word or a phrase
D. cultural background

8.
The
words
that
occur
together
with
the
word
in
question
are
often
termed
as____.

A. grammatical context B. compound words


C. lexical context
D. situational context

than one variant, which can realize some morphemes according to the position in
a word, are termed .

A. phonemes

B. allomorphs

C. morphs

D. phones

2.
In
the
words

idealistic,
and
ex- prisoner

-ion,
-ist,
-ic,
ex-, and -er

A. prefixes
B. suffixes
C. free morphemes

D. bound morphemes

3. is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning but has to be
used in combination with other morphemes to make words.


A. Free root

B. Bound root

C. Morpheme
D. Bound morpheme

4. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are
known as .


A. morphemes B. derivational morphemes
C. inflectional morphemes
D.
suffixes

5. is
the basic
form of a word, which
can't be further analyzed without total
loss of identity.


A. Stem


B. Root




C. Morpheme

D. Affix

6. A may consist of a single morpheme as in
morphemes as in a compound like


A. stem, root, root

B. root, stem, stem
C.
stem,
stem,
root

D.
root,
root, stem

1. The new words produced from shortening including clipping and acronyms amount
to of all the new words.


A. 30% to 40%


B. 28% to 30%

C. 8% to 10%


D. 1% to 5%



2. is
defined
as
the
formation
of
words
by
adding
word-forming
or
derivational
affixes to stem. This process is also known as .

A. derivation, affixation




B. affixation, derivation

C. derivative, affixation




D. affixation, derivative


3.

A. pejorative prefixes




B. negative prefixes

C. reservative prefixes




D. miscellaneous prefixes


4.