奥鹏教师教育网高一英语初高中衔接专题十一 主谓一致的考点集汇 讲解和训练

2021年1月19日发(作者：论美)


专题十一：主谓一致的考点集汇，讲解和训练

【名师点睛】
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵
循三条原 则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则
（1）以单数名 词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，
谓语用复数，例如：
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
（2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例
如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
（3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用
单数形式。例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍
用单数。例如：
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
（5） 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动
词要用复数。例如：
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
（6）由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：


Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作
主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往
往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
2. 意义一致的原则
（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
（2）有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用
单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
（3）不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意
义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表 复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；
如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
（4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两 种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用
复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
（5）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组 作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而
定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词 用单数。例如：
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
（6）half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；
如果所指为单数 意义，动词用单数。例如：
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.