寒蝉2020年中考英语基本时态语法知识讲解

2021年1月18日发(作者：探索的近义词)
2020年中考英语基本时态语法知识
(名师总结必考语法知识点，值得下载)
一． 概念：
英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的
动 词形式称为时态。
二．种类：（基本时态）
一般现在时
现在进行时
一般将来时
现在完成时
三．用法：
1．一般现在时：
（1）一般现在时表示经常发生或习 惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。
一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时， 动词词尾加
（2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.（包括be动词）＋宾语＋…
She is an engineer.
He has breakfast at 6:00every day.
（3）注意：
1）一般现在时通常与always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等
时间状语连用。
I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .
They go home once a week .
We usually do our homework at home .
2）表客观现实或普遍真理。
-s或- es。
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去将来时
过去完成时
The sun always rises in the east .
The light travels faster than the sound .
3）表永远性的动作或状态。
He lives in the country .
（4）否定句和疑问句。
1）-----He is an engineer.
-----He isn’t an engineer.
-----Is he an engineer?
-----Yes, he is ./ No, he isn’t.
2）----We get up at 7:30 in the morning .
-----We don’t get up at 7:30 in the morning .
-----Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?
-----Yes, we do. / No, we don
3）----He likes music.
-----He doesn’t like music.
-----Does he like music?
-----Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn
2．一般过去时
（1）一般过去时表示发生 在过去的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状
语yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等连用。
I was a student 6years ago.
I went to Beijing last year.
They saw a film last night .
（2 ）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.过去时＋宾语＋…
例句：昨天他很忙。
去年他抽烟了。
两年前 他去参军了。
他在1990年去世了。
’t .
’t.
（3）否定句和疑问句。
a)----He was busy yesterday.
-----He wasn’t busy.
-----Was he busy?
-----Yes, he was./ No, he wasn
b)----He smoked last year.
-----He didn’t smoke last year.
-----Did he smoke last year?
-----Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn’t.
’t.
c)----He joined the army in 1990.
-----He didn’t joined the army in 1990.
-----Did he join the army in 1990?
-----Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn
（4）动词不规则变化：
do----did
begin---- began
make----made
cut----cut
3．一般将来时< br>（1）表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow, the day
go----went
drink----drank
lie----lay
set----set
come----came
keep----kept
dig----dug
let----let
run----ran
leave----left
eat----ate
read----read
write----wrote
sleep----slept
know---- knew
hurt----hurt
’t.
after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等连用。
（2）句型结构：主语 ＋will/shall＋V.原形＋…（第一人称用shall）
I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.
They will have a meeting next week.
----She will be 20 years old.
----Will she be 20 years old?
----Yes, she will./ No, she won
（3）主语＋will/shall＋V.原形＋…
be(am, is, are)going to
They will have a meeting next Sunday.
(will=are going to )
----What will they do next Sunday ?
’t .