考研时间公布高级英语下册的课文中英文翻译

2021年1月17日发(作者：中年女人)
（下）
Lesson One The Company in Which I work
我工作的公司
*In the company in which I work , each
of us is afraid of at least one person . 我
工作的公司里，每个人都至少害怕一个
人。*The lower your position is , the
more people you are afraid of . 职位越
低，所惧怕的人越多。
*And all the people are afraid of the
twelve men at the top who helped found
and build the company and now own
and direct it .
所有的人都害怕那十二位顶层上司，他们
帮助创 建了这个公司，而且现在仍然大权
在握。 *All these twelve men are elderly
now and drained by time 歲月滄桑and
success of energy and ambition . 所有这
十二位都已经上了年纪，而且岁月的沧桑
和对成功的执著追求使他们心力交瘁。
*Many have spent their whole lives
here .They seem friendly ,slow , and
content when I come upon them in the
halls and always courteous(有禮貌的)
and mute 沉默不語的）when they ride
with others in the public elevators . 他们
中很 多人在这儿干了一辈子。当我在大厅
里遇见他们时，他们看上去非常友善、沉
稳而心满意足，而 且他们与别人一起乘坐
公共电梯时又总是彬彬有礼、沉默不语
*Nobody is sure anymore who really
runs the company ( not even the people
who are credited with running it ) , but
the company does run . 没有人知道谁真
正 经营这家公司（甚至连人们认为现在经
营着这家公司的那些人都不知道），然而
公司的确在运转 。
*He makes it clear to me every now and
then that he wishes to see everything
coming out of my department before it is
shown to other departments 他有时会向
我表示他希望我的部门的每一项工作在
其他部门知道前要先让他知道。
*and I will bypass him on most of our
assignments rather than take up his time
and delay their delivery to people who
have an immediate need for them . 我会
将大部分工作绕过格林并直接交给需要
它们的人，而不愿意占他的时间。
*Most of the work we do in my
department is , in the long run, trivial
(鎖事). 毕竟我们部门绝大部分工作只是
微不足道的。
*He turns scarlet with rage and
embarrassment(惱羞成怒) is he has not
seen or heard of it . 如果他从未看见或
听到过的话，就更是恼羞成怒。
*The people in the company who are
most afraid of most people are the
salesmen . They live and work under
pressure that is extraordinary . When
things are bad , they are worse for the
salesmen when things are good , they
are not much better . 公司里非常惧怕大
多数人的人是销售人员，他们都生活和工作在极大压力之下，当情况不好时，对销
售人员来说就会更糟。而当情况较好时，
他们也不 会好到哪儿去。
*They are always on trial , always on the
verge of failure , collectively and
individually .They strain even the most
secure and self assured of them , to look
good on paper They strain工作努力
even the most secure and self assured of
them , to look good on paper and there
is much paper for them to look good on .
Each week , for example , a record of the
sales results of the preceding week for
each sales office and for the Sales
Department as a whole for each division
of the company is kept and compared to
the sales results for the corresponding
week of the year before . 不论是从整体
上还是个人，他们总是在接受检查，总是
处于不合格的边缘。 他们工作非常努力
（就连他们中那些很有保障的和充满自
信的人都是这样）以使在书面评语上看上
去好一 些， 况且要让他们看上去好的表
格多得很。 比如每星期为各部门准备的
每个销售办事处及 销售部所作的前一星
期的销售业绩总记录加以保存并且与前
一年同期的销售业绩相比较。
*The figures are photocopied and
distributed throughout the company to
all the people and departments whose
work is related to selling . 这些数字被复
印后发到公司的每位员工和与销售有ce
of each division of the company are
doing at any关的部门。* The result of
the photocopying and distributing is that
there is almost continuous public
scrutiny 公開審查and discussion
throughout the company of how well or
poorly the salesmen in each sales offi
given time . 这样做的结果是公司几乎一
直在对每一个分公司的销售办事处中的
销售人员在某一既定时间内的工作业绩
进行公开审查和评论。
*When salesmen are doing well , there is
pressure upon them to begin doing
better , for fear they may start doing
worse . When they are doing poorly ,
they are doing terribly . When a
salesman lands a large order or brings in
an important new account , his elation is
brief , for there is danger he might lose
that large order or important new
account to a salesman from a competing
company the next time around . 当销售
人员业绩好时，他们因为要开始使工作做
得更 好，以免不如以前，从而感到压力重
重。 当他们的业绩不佳时，他们就会做
得一塌糊涂` 当一个销售人员争取到了
一份大订单或者得到了一笔大的应收的
账款，他的兴奋也是短暂的，` 因为很可
能他的那份大订单或者大笔的进账下一
次有被竞争对手的公司拿去的危险，
*They are vigorous(精力旺盛) ,
fun-loving bunch愛說愛笑 when they
are not suffering abdominal cramps(消
化不良)or brooding miserably about the
future 在没有消化不良的困扰或不再
苦苦为未来忧虑时，他们是一群充满活
力、爱说爱笑的人。* on the other hand ,
they often turn cranky without warning
and complain a lot另一方面他们会突然
之间变得任性并且牢骚满腹，
*Each of them can name at least one
superior in the company who he feels has
a grudge(怨恨)against him and is
determined to wreck(毀) his career . 他
们每 个人都至少能说出公司的一个上层
人物是令他极度不满并且觉得这个人会
毁了他的前程的。
*The salesmen work hard and earn big
salaries , with large personal expense
accounts that they squander(浪費， 揮
霍)generously on other people in and out
of the company , including me . 销售人
员工作努力，薪 金丰厚，还有个人经费，
他们会把这笔个人经费挥霍在进出公司
的其他人的身上，其中包括我本 人。
*They own good houses in good
communities and play good games of golf
on good private golf courses . 他们在豪
宅区拥有自己的房子，在高级的私人高尔
夫球场打球。
*The company encourages this . The
company , in fact , will pay for their
country club membership and all
charges they incur(開支) there , and
rewards salesmen who make a good
impression on the golf course . 公司鼓励
这种做法。实 际上，公司为他们支付乡村
俱乐部会员费以及他们在那里的所有开
支，并且对那些在高尔夫球上 给人留下深
刻印象的销售人员给予奖励。
*Unmarried men are not wanted in the
Sales Department , not even widowers ,
销售部不要未婚男士，甚至连丧偶的也不
要，
*for the company has learned from
experience that it is difficult and
dangerous for unmarried salesmen to
mix socially with與社交來往 prominent
executives and their wives or participate
with them in responsible civic affairs .
因 为公司根据以往的经验得出，对未婚销
售人员来说与前程似锦的高级管理人员
以及他们的太太们 进行社交来往或者参
与重大的活动不仅很困难而且危险。
*If a salesman’s wife dies and he is not
ready to remarry , he is usually moved
into an administrative position after
several months of mourning . 如果一位
销售人员的妻子去世了，而他又没有准备
再婚，那么通 常在丧期后的几个月内他就
会调去做行政管理工作。 *They thrive
on explicit guidance toward clear
objectives . 他们在上司的点拨下获得成
功，业绩蒸蒸日上。
There must be something in the makeup
of a man that enables him not only to be
a salesman , but to want to be one .一个
人一定是具备某种特殊的性格和气质才
使他不但从事销售工作而且想做一 名销
售人员。
* I am very good at these techniques of
deception(欺騙), although I am not
always able anymore to deceive myself .
In fact , I am continuously astonished by
people in the company who fall victim to
their own propaganda .There are so
many now who actually believe that
what we do is really important . 虽然我
不是总能欺骗我自己，但是却很擅长这些
骗人的把戏。宣傳实际上，我经常为公司
的人们被自己的宣传所欺骗而吃惊 ，现
在有很多人相信我们所做的工作是非常
重要的。
*And it’s a dumb person who’s
convinced he is wise . 只有愚蠢的人才会
自作聪明。
*It‘s a real problem to decide whether
it’s more boring to do something boring
than to pass along everything boring that
comes in to somebody else and then have
nothing to do at all . 要判断究 竟是干令
人生厌的工作更加烦人，还是将令人生厌
的工作交给他人处理，然后无所事事更烦人，这真是一个问题。
*Actually , I enjoy my work when the
assignments are large and urgent and
somewhat frightening and will come to
the attention of many people . I get
scared , and am unable to sleep at night ,
but I usually perform at my best under
this stimulating (刺激)kind of pressure
and enjoy my job the most . I handle all
of these important projects myself , and I
rejoice with tremendous pride and
vanity in the compliments I receive when
I do them wel，l But between such peaks
of challenge and elation興奮 there is
monotony and despair . 实际上，当任务
又大又紧而且有些令人生畏还会引起很
多人的注意时，我 就非常喜欢我的工作。
我变得惴惴不安，而且夜不能寐。但在这
种极有刺激的压力下，我的表现 最佳，也
最喜欢我的工作。 我独自处理所有这些
重大的项目，并且当我成功地完成时，我会因受到赞扬而沉浸在极大的自豪与虚
荣之中。 但在这些挑战与兴奋的巅峰之
间是单调与绝望。
Lesson Two Eveline伊芙林
*She sat at the window watching the
evening invade the avenue大街. 她坐在
窗前看着黄昏涌上大街。 *Her head was
leaned against the window curtains , and
in her nostrils鼻孔 was the odour 氣味
of dusty cretonne（印花棉布） . She was
tired . 她的头靠在窗帘上，鼻孔里满是提
花窗帘布上的尘土气味。她累了。
*Home ! She looked round the room ,
reviewing all its familiar objects which
she had dusted once a week for so many
years , wondering where on earth all the
dust came from . 家!她环顾屋内，审视着
这么多年来她每周都要掸擦一遍的一切
熟悉的物品，心里奇怪究竟哪来的这么多
灰尘。
She had consented to go away , to leave
her home . Was what wise ? She tried to
weigh each side of the question .In her
home anyway she had shelter and food
she had those whom she had known all
her life about her . Of course she had to
work hard , both in the house and at
business . What would they say of her in
the stores when they found out that she
had run away with a fellow ? Say she
was a fool , perhaps; and her place
would be filled up by advertisement。
Miss Gavan would be glad . She had
always had an edge on her , especially
whenever there were people listening .
她已经答应离开，离开自己的家。 这样
做明智吗？她试着权衡这个问题的每一
个方面。 在家里不管怎么说她有吃有住；
有她认识了一辈子的人在她身边。 当然
她得拼命干活，不论是在家里还是在商店
里。 如果商店里的人知道她和一个男人
跑了，她们会怎么说她呢？也许说她是一
个傻瓜；她们会登广告找别人代替她的位
置。 加文小姐会很高兴。她总是要压她
一头，尤其是有旁人听着的时候。
*She knew it was that that had given her
the palpitations (心驚肉跳). 她知道正是
因为这种担心才使她心惊肉跳。
*When they were growing up he had
never gone for her , like he used to go for
Harry and Ernest , because she was a
girl but latterly he had begun to
threaten her and say what he would do
to her only for her dead mother’s sake .
她们长大以后，他还没有像他曾经打哈利
和欧内斯特那样打过她，因为她是个女
孩； 但最近他开始威胁地，说要不是因
为她死去的母亲的缘故，他会怎样对待
她。
Lesson Three What’s Wrong With Our
Press? 我们的报纸问题何在？
*Newspapers have two great advantages
over television 报纸与电视相比具有两
大优越性。 They can be used by men as
barriers against their wives . 男人可以
把报纸作为阻隔妻子的屏障，
*The fact is that although network
television still allots分配 too little time
to the vital service of informing the
public , it does a better job in that little
time than the nation’s press as a whole .
And when I speak of the nation’s press
as a whole , I am not speaking of the five
or six splendid newspapers ----and the
one great newspaper -----which serve the
world as models of responsible public
information . 事实的，尽管电视节目在
为人众提供信息方面，安排的时间很少，
但总的来 说就在这有限的时间内，它在
全国新闻界中做得是最出色的。 这里我
提到的全国新闻界，不包 括那五、六家尊
贵的报社——其中一家重要的报社——
一被当作是 全世界提供可靠消息的楷
模。
*I am speaking of the local press which
in hundreds of American communities is
the only news available , aside from
those recitals(復述) of ticker tape電訊稿
that pass for radio news . 我指的是那些
当地报纸。在美国的 几百个社区中，除了
那些把电讯稿复述一遍充当新闻广播之
外，大众惟一能得到的新闻就来自这 些
报纸了，而它们并没有履行对大众的义
务。
*Television lives on advertising to an
even greater extent than newspapers ,
and since advertising is big business ,
advertising is by nature Republican .yet
nowhere in network newscasts or
network commentaries on current events
have I encountered the intense
partisanship , the often rabid bias that
colors the editorial pages of the majority
of newspapers in this country . 电视比报
纸依靠广告的 程度甚至还要大，既然广告
是笔大生意，广告从本质上就是亲共和党
的。 然而无论在电视网的 新闻节目中还
是时事评论中，我都未遇到这个国家大多
数报纸的社论版上所反映出的那强烈的< br>党派性甚至常常是狂热无理的偏见。
*Fortunately for the American public ,
television does not tolerate the kind of
distortion of fact , the kind of partisan
virulence(惡毒攻擊) and personal peeve
（怨恨） ,many newspapers not only
welcome but encourage . 幸运的是对美
国公众来说，电视不允许那 种对事实的歪
曲，那种党派间的恶毒攻击和个人怨恨的
发泄，而这是许多报纸不仅欢迎而且鼓励
的。
*A newspaper has the right ----the duty
even ----to assume an attitude , to take a
position . But it has an equally sacred(神
聖的)right to explain that position in the
light of the opposing one , to document
that position , and to bolster(証實) it ,
not with emotion but with fact . 报纸有
权利甚至有责 任具有某种态度、采取某一
立场，但它也有同样神圣的权利参照对立
的观点来解释自己的立场， 通过翔实的材
料来证实这一立场，并运用事实而不是感
情来支持这一立场。
*One of the greatest and most justified
criticisms of television has been that in
appealing to the largest audience
possible , it neglects minority audiences
and minority tastes . 对电视最强烈也是
最有道理的批评历来就是：它为了吸引最
大数量的观众， 忽视了少数观众以及少数
人的爱好
*This is still largely true . But there is ,
perhaps , one program a day and many ,
of course , on Sunday which an
intelligent man or woman can enjoy and
derive interest from . 这一批评在很大程
度上仍是正确的。但是也 许一天会有一个
节目，当然星期日会有许多个节目，是能
令聪明智慧的男女喜欢并产生兴趣的。
*In my trips east or west or north or
south , I pick up the local paper to find
this enjoyment or interest ---in vain(都未
能如願) . Now , surely there’s something
wrong here . 在我走南闯北的旅行中，每
次拿起当地的报纸寻找我喜欢并感兴趣
的东西，都未能如愿，显然这里存在着某
种问题。
*They have held their franchise(特權) so
long that change has become
inadmissible (不許可的). 报纸如此长期
地享有特权，已经无法接受改变了。
Four 美国的养老政策
*Though we have begun to examine the
socially taboo(忌諱) subjects of dying
and death , we have leaped over that that
long period of time preceding death , we
have leaped over that long period of time
preceding death known as old age . 虽然
我们已开始研究有关临终和死亡这个为社会所忌讳的题目，但是我们却跳过了死
亡来临之前、称为老年的那一段漫长的时
间。
*Death is a dramatic one-time crisis
while old age is a day-by –day and year
–by –year confrontation with (對
抗)powerful external and internal forces ,
a bittersweet coming to terms with one’s
own personality and one’s life .。 死亡
是富有戏剧性的一次性危机，而老年则一
天天一年年都在与强大的内外力 量抗争，
是一种苦乐参半的逐渐适应自己的个性
和生活的过程
*Our popular attitudes could be summed
up as a combination of wishful thinking
and stark terror . 可以把流行在我们之
中的态度归纳为痴心妄想和赤裸裸的恐
惧的结合。
*We base our feelings on primitive fears ,
prejudice(偏見) and stereotypes(墨守成
規) rather than on knowledge and
insight . 我们将感情建筑在原始的恐惧、
偏见和墨守成规上而不是建筑在知识和
远见之上。
*Old age is neither inherently miserable
(痛苦的)nor inherently sublime(卓越
的)---like every stage of life
老年既不是天生就是痛苦的，也不是天生
就是美满的，正如生命中每一阶段一样，
*The process of aging and eventual
death must ultimately be accepted as the
natural progression of the life cycle , the
old completing their prescribed life
spans and making way for the young .
Much that is unique in old age in fact
derives from the reality of aging and the
imminence (迫近)of death . 年老的过程及最后的死亡必须最终作为生命周期的
自然进程被人们所接受，老人结束他们各
自的寿数， 为年轻人让路。 事实上，老
年独特之处多是由于衰老这一现实及死
亡之逼近。
*For many elderly Americans old age is
a tragedy, a period of quiet despair ,
deprivation desolation and muted rage .
对 许多美国老年人来说，老年是个悲剧，
是沉默绝望，各方面被剥夺、凄凉孤寂、
无言的愤怒的时 期，
*This can be a consequence of the kind
of life a person has led in younger years
and the problems in his or her
relationships with others . 这种情况可能
是一个人过去某种生活和他或她人际关
系上存在的问题造成的后果，
*There are also inevitable personal and
physical losses to be sustained , some of
which can become overwhelming and
unbearable 同时还要承受无法避免的失
去亲人或丧失身体机能的痛苦，有些可能< br>会使人难以自拔，无法忍受。
*The tragedy of old age is not the fact
that each of us must grow old and die
but that the process of doing so has been
made unnecessarily and at times
excruciatingly painful , humiliating ,
debilitating and isolating through
insensitivity , ignorance and poverty . 老
龄 的悲剧并不是在于我们每个人正常变
老和死亡，而是在于这过程被冷漠、愚昧
和贫困搞得充满了 不必要的，有时是难忍
的痛苦屈辱、虚弱与孤独。
*The potentials for satisfactions and
even triumphs in late life are real and
vastly underexplored 晚年生活中取得满
足甚至成功的可能性是确实存在的，而且
还远远没有发掘出来。
*Poverty or drastically lowered income
and old age go hand in hand . 贫困或收
入的大幅度下降与老年携手而至，
*People who are poor all their lives
remain poor as they grow old . Most of
us realize this . 一生贫困的人们老后仍
然贫困，我们大多数人都认识到这一点。
Savings can be wiped out by a single
unexpected catastrophe .只要一个意想不
到的灾祸就可以将积蓄化为乌有。
*When Social Security becomes the sole
o r primary income , it means
subsistence –level styles for many , and
recent increases do not keep up with
soaring costs of living . 当社会福利成为
仅有的、主要的收入 时，这对许多人就意
味着仅能勉强维持生活，而且新增加的福
利金赶不上高涨的生活费用。`
*Private pension plans often do not pay
off , and pension payments that do come
in are not tied to inflationary彌補
decreases in buying power. 各种非官方
的养老金制度经常不能支付全部应付金
额，而得到的养老金数 目又不能弥补由
于通货膨胀而造成的购买力下降。
*Many more must deprive themselves of
essentials to keep their homes in repair .
更多的人为了保持房子适于居住进行维
修而不得不牺牲一些必需品。
*The American dream promised older
people that if they worked hard enough
all their lives , things would turn out well
for them . Today’s elderly were brought
up to believe in pride , self-reliance and
independence . Many are tough ,
determined individuals who manage to
survive against adversity . But even the
tough ones reach a point where help
should be available to them . 美国梦给
老人这样的期望，只要他们一生努力工
作，一切终会好的。 今天的老人在成长
过程中受到的教育是信奉自尊、自立、自
主。 许多都是能在逆境中生存下来 的坚
韧不拔而又有主见的人物，但即使是坚韧
不拔的人们也会需要得到帮助。
*Medicare pays for only 45 per cent of
older people’s health expenses the
balance must come from their own
incomes and savings , or from Medicaid ,
which requires a humiliating (羞恥
的)means test . 国家医疗制 度只支付老
年人医疗费用的45％，余下部分得从他
们自己的收入或积蓄中支付，或由医疗补< br>贴计划来支付，但为此必须接受令人羞辱
的家庭经济情况调查。
*A serious illness can mean instant
poverty . 一场重病可能意味着顷刻之间
变得一贫如洗。
*Because of loneliness , confusion ,
hearing and visual difficulties they are
prime victims of dishonest door –to –
door salesmen and fraudulent
advertising , and buy defective hearing
aids , dance lessons , useless “ Medicare
insurance supplements “ , and quack
health remedies 由于寂寞、糊涂、耳聋
眼花，他们是狡诈的挨门挨户推销 商品的
人和骗人的广告的主要受害者，买下有毛
病的助听器，报名上舞蹈课，参加毫无 用
处的“国家医疗保障制度补充保险”，还
购买骗人的假药。
Lesson Five Trifles (Part One ) 琐事
*They are followed by two women ---the
sheriff ‘s wife first she is a slight wiry
瘦长却很结实 woman , with a thin
nervous face .Mrs. Hale is larger and
would ordinarily be called more
comfortable looking , but she is
disturbed now and looks fearfully about
as she enters . The women have come in
slowly , and stand close together near the
door . 琐事（第一部分）
他 们的身后跟着两个女人——前面的司
法官夫人，她身材略显瘦长却很结实，面
庞消瘦，而且紧张 不安。后面是黑尔夫人，
她身材高大，模样平时还称得上令人愉
快，但现在却心烦意乱，一进屋 就惊恐地
四处张望。两个女人缓缓地走进房间，紧
挨在一起站在门边。 *She moved from
that chair to this one over here .
( pointing to a small chair in the corner . )
and just sat there with her hands held
together and looking down .I got a
feeling that I ought to make some
conversation , so I said I had come in to
see if John wanted to put in a telephone ,
and at that she started to laugh , and
then she stopped an looked at me
-----scared . ( The county attorney , who
has had his notebook out , makes a
note . ) 她从那把椅子上移到这边的这把
上（指着屋角的一把小椅子）。坐在那里
双手握在一起，两 眼看着下边。 我有种
感觉应该说点儿什么，于是我说我来是看
看约翰是否愿意装一部电话，她 听后大笑
起来，然后停下来注视着我——神色惊
慌。（县法官早已掏出记事本，现在做了
个记录）
*I guess before we’re through she may
have something more serious than
preserves to worry about . 我猜想在我
们干完之前她可能还有比水果更重要的
东西要担心。
*The sheriff follows the county attorney
into the other room . Then Mrs. Hale

rises , hands tight together , looking
intensely at Mrs. Peters , whose eyes
make a slow turn , finally meeting Mrs.
Hale’s. A moment Mrs. Hale holds her ,
then her own eyes point the way to
where the box is concealed . Suddenly
Mrs. Peters throws back quilt pieces and
tries to put the box in the bag she is
wearing . it is too big . She opens the box ,
starts to take bird out, cannot touch it ,
goes to pieces , stands there helpless . 黑
尔走了出去。治安官跟着县检察官进了另
一个房间，然后黑尔太太站起身，手紧紧
地握在一起，紧张地看了看彼得斯太太，
彼得斯太太 的眼睛缓慢转过来,最终同黑
尔太太的目光相对。黑尔太太注视了她一
会，然后目光转向藏盒子 的地方。 突然，
彼得斯太太把布片扔了回去，试着将盒子
放进她背包里。盒子太大了。她打开 盒子，
想把鸟拿出来,却不敢碰它,很沮丧,无助
地站在那儿。
Lesson Seven Ace in the Hole埃斯身陷
困境
*No sooner did his car touch the
boulevard heading home than Ace
flicked on the radio . 车子刚开上通向家
的大街，埃斯便啪的一声打开收音机。
*His voice , though familiar , irked him
it sounded thin and scratchy . 他的声音
尽管熟悉，却让他感到厌烦；声音听起来
尖细刺耳。`
*The five Kings were doing “ Blueberry
Hill “ to hear them made Ace feel so
sure inside that from the pack pinched
between the car roof and the sun shield
he plucked a cigarette , hung it on his
lower lip , snapped a match across the
rusty place on the dash . 五王乐团正在
演唱《紫浆果山》； 听到他们的演唱使埃
斯感到心里十分踏实，他从塞在车顶和 遮
阳板中间的烟盒中抽出一根烟叼在下嘴
唇上，在仪表盘的生锈处擦着一根火柴。
*He beat time on the accelerator . The
car jerked crazily . 他用脚在加速器上打
拍子。汽车疯了一样一冲一冲地前进着。

*At the door of his car , it seemed stupid
to him to drive the measly half block
home . 在车门旁，他觉得只有半条街这
点短的可怜的路还开车回家很愚蠢。
*Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My
Supper科 学 毁 了 我 的 晚 餐 I am
a fan for Science .My education is
scientific and I have , in one field ,
contributed a monograph to a scientific
journal . 我是个科学迷。我是学科学的，
曾为一份科学刊物写过某个领域的一篇
专题 文章。 Science , to my mind , is
applied honesty , the one reliable means
we have to find out truth . 在我看来，科
学需运用诚实，是我们发现真理的唯一可
靠的手段。 That is why , when error is
committed in the name of science , I feel
the way a man would if his favorite uncle
had taken to drink . 因此在 以科学的名
义做错事时，我的感觉就像一个人最喜欢
的叔叔染上酒瘾后的心情一样。 Over
the years , I have come to feel that way
about what science has done to food . 多
年以来，我感觉到科学给食品带来这样的
影响。
*I agree that our food is nutritious (有營
養成分)and that the diet of most of us is
well-balanced . 承认我们的食物富有营
养，我们多数人的饮食中营养均衡。
*A grocer used to be very fussy about his
cheese . Cheddar was made and sold by
hundreds of little factories .
Representatives of the factories had
particular customers , and cheese was
prepared by hand to suit the grocers ,
who knew precisely what their patrons
wanted . Some liked them sharper some
liked them yellower some liked anise
seed in cheese ,or caraway . 过去食品
杂货商对自己出售的奶酪很挑剔。 切达
奶酪是由成百的小工厂生产和销售的，
工厂的营销人员有各自的客户。奶酪都是
按食品商的要求手工制造的，他们清楚地
知道自己的老主顾想要什么样的奶酪。
有的喜欢味道重一些，有的喜欢颜色黄一
些，有的喜欢在奶酪里加或芷茴香。
*It is not possible to make the very best
cheese in vast quantities at a low average
cost . 要在平均成本低的情况下大量生
产出最上等的奶酪是不可能的。
* It is only lately that I have found how
much science of genetics is involved .
Agronomists and the like have taken to
breeding all sorts of vegetables and fruits
----changing their original nature . This
sounds wonderful and often is insane .
For the scientists have not as a rule
taken any interest whatsoever in the
taste of the things they’ve tampered
with ! 只是在最近一段时间我才发现遗
传科学在这里起了多大的作用。 农学家
之类 的人物搞起了各种蔬菜和水果的培
育一一改变它们原有的特性。 这听起来
妙不可言而常常是极 其愚蠢的。因为通常
这些科学家在鼓捣这些东西的时候对它
们的味道会变得如何丝毫不感兴趣。
*What they have done is to develop
“ improved “ strains of things for
every purpose but eating . 他们为了各
种目的培育“改良”品种，却不考虑吃。
It is extremely profitable because it is
efficient . What matters if such peas taste
like boiled paper wads ? 由于效率高，这
种做法极其有利可图。至于这种豌豆吃起
来像煮纸团，又有什么关系呢？
Geneticists have gone crazy over such
“ opportunities “. They ‘ve developed
string beans that are straight instead of
curved , and all one length . 遗传学家对
于这一类的“机会”简直着了迷，培育出
直的而不是弯的菜豆，而且全都一样长。
Ripening time and identity of size and
shape are , nowadays , more important
in carrots than the fact that they taste
like carrots . 现在胡萝卜的成熟时间和
大小形状一样比吃起来有胡萝卜味这一
事实更为重要。
*“ Institutes “ exist to experiment and
tell housewives how to cook attractive
meals and how to turn leftovers into
works of art . The food thus pictured
looks like famous paintings of still life .
The only trouble is it’s tasteless . 有“训
练班”专门试验，教给主妇们如何烹制一
餐好看的食物，如何把剩菜变成艺术品。
这样，拍成照片 的食物看上去就像一幅
著名的静物画。唯一不尽人意的问题是吃
起来没有味道。
*I wonder if this blandness of our diet
doesn’t explain why so many of us are
overweight and even dangerously so . 我
在想不知 道我们饮食的这种淡而无味的
状况，是不是造成我们之中这么多人过于
肥胖的原因，有的甚至胖 到了危险的程度
`
*It is merely a hypothesis , so far , and
my own . But people have been eating
according to flavor for upwards of a
billion years . *The need to satisfy the
sense of taste may be innate and
important . 迄今为止，这仅仅是一种假
设。而且是我个人的假设。` 但是人们已
经根据滋味来吃东西吃了十亿年以上了。
满足味觉的需要很可能是人天生的重要
需求。
*When food has the flavor of library
paste , it may be the instinct of mankind
to go on eating in the unconscious hope
of finally satisfying the frustrated taste
buds . 当食物吃起来像图书馆里的浆糊，
也许人 类的本能会使他不断地吃下去，不
知不觉地希望最终能满足灰心失望的味
蕾的渴望。
Lesson Nine I’ll Never Escape the Ghetto
我 永 不 脱 离 黑 人 区

*A college venture in Watts terms is a
fateful act 在瓦茨人心目中，上大学是件
有关命运的冒险行为。 There are no
retractionsor future deliverance 没有退
路，也没有未来的解 脱。 Watts , like
other black ghettos across the country ,
is , for ambitious youths , a transient
status .(暫留之地) 像全国各地的黑人区
一样，对充满雄抱负的年青人来说，瓦茨
只是个暂留之 地。 Once they have left ,
there is no returning . 他们一旦离开便
不再回来。 In this sense , my
credentials(証明) are unsatisfactory . 从
这个意义上说，我的那些证明不能令人满
意。
*The Watts-as- a-way-station mentality
has a firm hold on both those who
remain and those who leave . Such as it
is , the ghetto is regarded as no place to
make a career for those who have a
future Without exception, the prime
American values underscore the notion .
Negroes , inside it or out , and whites too ,
behave toward the ghetto like travelers .
Accordingly , I was considered one of the
lucky ones .把瓦茨视为中转站的心态在
留下的及离去的人身上都有牢固的影响。
在这种情况下，人们认为黑人区不是有前
途的人成就一番事业的地方。. 美国的基
本价值 观念也毫无例外地强调了这个看
法。 黑人区内外的黑人以及白人就像游
客一样把 黑人区当做旅途上的暂留之
处。 因此，我被看做是个幸运儿。
*Rumors spread quickly that I was a
FBI agent . I was suspect because I was
not supposed to returned . Some people
said I was either a federal agent or a
fool , for no reasonable man , they said ,
returns to Watts by choice . 流言很快传
开，说我是联邦调查局的人。我遭到怀疑，
因 为没人想到会回去。 有人说我不是个
密探就是个傻瓜，因为他们说没有一个有
理 性的人会自愿回到瓦茨来。
*I was especially intrigued by a career
in Watts because it was supposed to be
impossible . 我对在瓦茨做一番事业特别
感兴趣，因为人们认为这是件不可能的
事， I wanted to demonstrate that it
could be done more than anything else .
我想证明这是能够做到的，而且可以做得
更好。
*It never occurred to me at the time
what I was doing . I thought of it only as
being practical . 在当时我根本没有想到
自己在干些什么。我只是认为这是出于实
际的需要。 It was important to me to do
well in college . Community identity was
secondary , if a consideration at all . 在
大学里干得好对我来说很重要，即使我考
虑到社区身份，那也只是次要的。
*the typical European response was
unlike anything I had seen before . They
had no homes or businesses to worry
about protecting . They wanted to know
why Negroes did not riot more often . As
the only Negro in the summer session I
felt awkward for a time . 欧洲人典型的
反应是我过去从未见到过的。他们无需为
保护自己的家庭和 企业操心。他们想要
知道为什么黑人不经常发动暴乱。 作为
暑期班里唯一的黑人学生，我一度觉到十
分尴尬。
*In one sense，I was the archetype of the
ghetto child who through hard work and
initiative was pulling himself toward a
better life. 我是通过勤奋努力和主动精
神使自己的生活得以改善的黑人区后代
的典范。 I was the example ,the
exception . It was my life that was held
up to Watts youth to emulate . 我是个
榜样，也是个例外。我的生活成为瓦茨青
年仿效的榜样。 In another sense ,
however , my feelings toward the rioting
were predictable . 然而，在另一方面，
我对暴乱的感受是在意料之中的。 I had
always been bothered by the passivity of
the ghetto . 黑人区的消极顺从向 来使
我不安。
*Earlier I had thought the success I had
won satisfied an obligation I had to all
Negroes . 过去我认为我取得的成功使我
能履 行自己对所有黑人的责任， It is
part of the lip service every successful
Negro is obliged to pay to the notion(觀
念)of race progress whenever he
achieves . 这是每一个有成就的黑人在取
得成功后不得不对种族 进步的观念在口
头上作出表示的一部分。
*I suspected at the time and now realize
that the riots were perhaps the most
significant massive action taken by
Northern Negroes . It was a watershed in
the ghetto’s history . Before the riots ,
the reach of the Negro movement in
America seemed within the province of a
small civil rights leadership . Now Watts ,
and places like Watts , were redefining
the role of black men in their city’s life .
当时我猜想，现在则更加认识到暴乱也许
是北方黑人采取的最有意义的大规 模行
动，是黑人区历史的分水岭。
在此之前美国黑人运动的规模似乎只局
限于狭 小的民权运动领导范围之内。现
在瓦茨以及像瓦茨这样的地方正在重新
界定黑人在他们城市生活 中的角色
*The problem of the poor and of the city
in America , simplified , is the problem
of the ghetto Negro. 美国的贫困问题与
城市问题简单来看就是居住在黑人区的
黑人问题。There is a difference between
my schooling and the wisdom of the
street corner . 我受的学校教育和街头文
化之间存在差别。
Lesson Ten How Market Leaders Keep
their Edge领先市场的公司怎样保持竞争
优势
*The first value discipline we call
operational excellence 第一种价值类型