金莎巧克力保质期第三单元节日和传说(英语译文)

2021年1月17日发(作者：赖名汤)
第三单元



节日和传说

本单元内容：
1
、清明节
, 1
篇；

2
、端午节，
1
篇、

3
、龙文化
, 4
篇；

4
、酒文化
, 2
篇；

5
、茶文化，
1
篇

I.
清明节

The legend goes that in the 7th century BC during the Spring and Autumn Period,
Chong Er

was one of the princes of the king of State Jin. In deciding who would succeed the future throne,
the king believed the ill words about
Chong
by some bad ministers and planned to kill him, but

Chong

got
the
wind
and
fled.
Then
for
19
years,
Chong

and
his
loyal
followers
wandered
homeless, tired, cold and hungry. One day when
Chong
almost starved to death, one of his most
faithful followers,
Jie Zitui
, cut a slice of flesh from his own leg, cooked it and served it to his
master, thereby saving his life. Finally
Chong
managed to rightfully take over the throne, became
the king and rewarded those who loyally followed him through the exile. But he forgot about
Jie
who had sacrificed the flesh of his leg to save him. Heartbroken and said nothing,
Jie
went home
and waited on his old mother. Later
Chong
remembered
Jie
and went in person to apologize and
ask
him
to
return
to
the
royal
court.
But
Jie
rejected
and
hid
deep
into
the
mountains
with
his
mother. Then someone advised
Chong
to set fire to force
Jie
into the open. Unfortunately, the fire
failed to work and
Jie
was found leaning against a large willow tree, dead with his old mother on
his back. Deeply saddened by this tragedy,
Chong
ordered that a temple be built in memory of his
most loyal follower. He also ordered that no fires be allowed and all people eat cold food on the
anniversary of
Jie
’s d
eath, besides visiting
Jie
’s tomb to pay the respect.


Thus began the “cold feast”, usually occurring on the eve of
Qing Ming
and often considered
a
part
of
the
Qing
Ming
festival.
As
time
passes,
the
“cold
food”
festival
was
integrated
into
Qingming
Festival, which had now become an important occasion for people to offer sacrifices to
their ancestors.
译文

1
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9
传说在公园前
7
世纪 的春秋战国时期，
重耳是晋国国王的王子之一。
在决定由谁来继承
王位时，
国 王听信了一些佞臣关于重耳的谗言，
并准备杀掉重耳，
但重耳事先得到了风声并
出逃。 在之后的
19
年中，重耳和他忠实的追随者们流浪在外、无家可归、饥寒交迫。有一
天 ，
重耳快要饿死了，
他最为忠实的追随者之一介子推从自己的腿上割下一块肉，
煮了之 后
端给重耳吃，救了重耳一命。最后，
重耳终于正当地得到了王位并做了国王，并对流浪期间< br>忠实追随自己的人们进行犒赏，
但是他却忘记了割股奉君的介子推。
介子推对此很伤心，
一
句话都没说，便回家伺奉老母。
后来，重耳想起了介子推，便亲自去向他致歉并请他 回到王
宫。
但介子推拒绝了，
并带老母躲进了深山。
此时有人建议重耳放火烧 山，
逼迫介子推出山。

但不幸的是，
放火并没起到作用，
找到介子 推时，
已发现他身背老母依靠在一棵大柳树上双
双被烧死了。
这一悲剧使重耳非常伤心 ，
他下令建造一座寺庙来纪念他最忠实的追随者，
并
下令，每年的介子推死亡纪念日， 全国所有人等都要祭拜介子推，并只进寒食，不得生火。


由此便有了寒食节。寒食节通常在清明节前夕，
被当作清明节的一部分。
随着时间的推
移，寒食节和清 明节变成了一个节日，成为人们向先祖献祭的一个重要节日。


II.
端午节

Dragon Boat Festival falls on fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It has a profound history of
more
than
two
thousand
years.
Some
foreigners
refer
to
this
traditional
Chinese
festival
as
Dragon
Boat
Festival
because
of
the
exciting
dragon
boat
racing
while
Chinese
people
call
it
“
Duanwu

Festival” because
Duan
means the beginning of May and
Wu
is pronounced the same as
“five”,
indicating
the
fe
stival
is
on
the
5
th

day
of
the
Lunar
month,
so
this
day
is
also
named
Double-Fifth Festival.

Although
there
are
a
lot
of
versions
of
the
origin
of
Dragon
Boat
Festival,
it
is
generally
believed that the Festival is related to a historical figure:
Qu Yuan
.

Qu

was
an
official
and
patriotic
poet
of
the
state
of
Chu

in
the
Warring
States
Period
(475-221 BC).
In order to make the state stronger so as to defy the invasion by the most powerful
Qin
State,
Qu
advocated that
Chu
should enrich the country and strengthen its military forces, but
he was strongly opposed by some influential fellow officials who spoke ill of him in front of the
king
Huaiwang
. Being biased, the king consequently became estranged from
Qu
and banished him
from the capital.

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/
9
In his days of exile, Qu still cared much for his country and the people and composed some
immortal
poems
including
Li
Sao

(The
Lament),
Tian
Wen

(Heavenly
Questions)
and
Jiu
Ge

(Nine Songs), which had far- reaching influences. In 278 BC, he was even more depressed at the
news
that
the
Qin

army
had
conquered
Chu
’s
capital,
so
he
finished
his
last
piece
Huai
Sha

(Embracing Sand) and desperately committed suicide by jumping into
Miluo
River. That day was
the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.

After his death, the people of
Chu
crowded to the bank of the river to pay their respects to
him. The fishermen sailed their boats up and down the river to look for his body, others threw into
the
water
zongzi

(pyramid-shaped
glutinous
rice
dumplings
wrapped
in
reed
or bamboo
leaves)
and eggs to divert fish or shrimp that might attack at his body, and an old doctor poured a jug of
realgar
wine
into
the
water,
hoping
to
turn
all
aquatic
beasts
drunk,
thus
began
the
custom
of
racing
dragon boats,
eating
zongzi
,
and
drinking
realgar
wine
on
this
day
to
commemorate
this
great patriotic poet.

译文

农历五月初五是龙舟节，
历史已有二千多年。
一些 外国人将这一天称为龙舟节，
主要原
因是这一天要举行激动人心的龙舟赛。
中国人则把 这一天称为端午节，
“端”
指五月的开始，
“午”
与数字
“五”谐音，
表明节日是在农历五月的第五天，
因此这一天也被称为五月端午。

关于龙舟节的起源有许多版本，但是人们一般都相信这一天与历史人物屈原有关。

屈 原是战国时期（
475-221BC
）楚国的官员和爱国诗人。为使楚国强大，抵御当时最为< br>强大的秦国的侵犯，
屈原主张富国强兵，
但却遭到一些有实力同僚的反对，
并在 楚怀王面前
诽谤屈原。怀王昏庸，最后疏远了屈原并将屈原流放于外。

在被流放的日 子里，
屈原仍然心系国家和人民，
创作了一些不朽的诗篇，
包括
《离骚》、
《天问》和《九歌》，这些诗歌影响深远。公元前
278
年，屈原得到消息，说 秦国的军队已
经占领了楚国的首都，屈原因此更为抑郁，在完成了绝笔《怀沙》之后，他在绝望之中投汨
罗江自杀身亡。那一天正是农历的五月初五。

屈原死后，
楚国人都拥到河边 进行祭奠。
渔人们驾船沿江反复寻找屈原的尸体，
其他人
则向江中投粽子
（用 苇子叶或竹子叶包着的呈金字塔形状的带馅的糯米团）
和鸡蛋来引诱鱼
虾不要吞噬屈原的尸体，
一位老郎中则向江中倒入一罐雄黄酒，
期望能醉倒水中万物。
由此
便出现了这 一天举行龙舟赛、
吃粽子、
喝雄黄酒这一习俗，
以此来纪念屈原这位伟大的爱国
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诗人。


III.
龙文化

Passage 1
Dragon as the totem symbol in ancient China is deeply rooted in the national tradition. Due to
the strong beliefs, people in ancient times, the royal families in particular, all showed great respect
for any dragons in pictures, carvings and writings. Dragons were regarded as the symbols of the
heaven,
the
supreme
power,
dignity,
holiness,
wisdom
and
auspiciousness,
thus
all
emperors
thought they were the real
dragons and the sons of heaven, so the symbol was reserved for the
emperors: the beds they slept on were called dragon beds, the throne called the dragon chair, and
the emperor’s ceremonial dresses called the dragon
robes. In the late Qing Dynasty, dragons were
even adopted as the patterns on both the national flags and the carvings on the steps of imperial
palaces and tombs, such as those in the Forbidden City of Beijing.


译文

在中国古代，龙作为图腾象征根植于民族传统。

由于信仰强烈，古人尤其是皇室都对
图像、雕刻和文字中的龙极为尊敬。

龙 象征着天、象征着至高无上的权力、象征着高贵、
神圣，智慧和吉祥，所有的帝王都把自己看成真龙天子 ，因此，龙这一符号仅限皇帝所有：
皇帝睡觉的床叫龙床，皇座叫龙椅，
皇帝的正式服装叫龙袍 。
在清朝后期，
龙甚至被用作国
旗图案，还被雕刻在皇宫及墓室的台阶上，例如，紫禁 城里的台阶上就雕刻有龙的图案。


Passage 2
It is said that the dragon is a large-scaled reptile, which can become dark or bright, large or
small, long or short, and can move on land, fly into the sky and swim in the sea. With this magic
power, the dragon is capable of doing almost anything.

According to the old beliefs, dragons are the governors of rainfalls. They have the power to
decide when and where to rain. As the rulers of water and weather and with human wisdom, the
king dragons are often pictured as beings in human’s shape with dragon’s head. This is why many
pre-modern
villages
(especially
those
close
to
rivers
and
seas)
had
temples
built
for
their
local
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