嘉宾入场音乐广东广东实验中学高中英语阅读理解专题(有答案)doc

2021年1月17日发(作者：中年美女的桃花日记)


一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解

A famous Anglican Church stands in a quiet corner of Dunedin in New Zealand's South Island.
Built in 1865, it is the city's oldest church still in use. Countless couples have gathered here to
marry. It's where morning tears are shared, friendships formed and comfort given during times of
loss.

As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows.
Known as the
who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.

John was the son of Sir James Allen, who as Minister of Defense, helped plan and administer
New Zealand's World War I strategy, which saw 100,000 troops sent to fight. With the war over
and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family
had strong ties.

Divided into two parts, one depicts (描绘) St. George, the patron saint (守护神) of soldiers,
while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom, Hugh All
Gallipoli, 6th June, 1915
at the bottom- reminders that John was a lover of birds.

are many war memorials in the church,says the church. the 'John Allen
window' stands out; it touches people because of the beautiful design, the New Zealand birds
and because John's story, of a life so full of promise ending tragically in the war, reflects the lives
and stories of so many others involved in World War I.

（1）What does the word

A. Starts. B. Changes. C. Treasures. D. Represents.

（2）Sir James Allen built the

ate the end of World War I

the troops in the Gallipoli campaign

er his son's sacrifice to the country

the family's close ties with the church

（3）What might be the main theme of the pictures on the window?

m and equality.

and war.

and nature.

ge and family.

（4）What might be the best title for the text?

A.A Brave Soldier

on a Life

y of the War

D.A Grand Church

【答案】 （1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一所教堂中一个被称为 约翰·艾伦之窗的窗
户，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命。这是约翰的父亲为了纪念他的儿 子为国
家做出的牺牲而绘制的，主题体现了战争与和平。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in
1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.可知被称为“John Allen window”的一扇窗户描绘了当
地男子John Allen短暂的一生，他于1915年在土耳其 的加里波利战役中牺牲。可知
portrays意思为“描绘”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to
install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.”随着战争的结束和他
儿子的去世，Sir James选择在教堂里安装了一扇窗户，艾伦家族与这扇窗户有着密切的联
系。可知Sir James Allen建造了“John Allen window”，以纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲。
故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Divided into two parts, one depicts St. George,
the patron saint of soldiers，while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the
bottom,“ John Hugh All Gallipoli,6th June,1915”.”绘画分为两部分，一部分描绘了士兵的守护< br>神圣乔治，另一部分描绘了和平天使，最下面写着“John Hugh All Gallipoli， 1915年6月6
日”。可推知窗里的画的主题应当为战争与和平。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段“As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection
of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the “John Allen window”, one window portrays the
short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.”与许多
教堂一样，它的墙壁上装饰着 一系列美丽的彩色玻璃窗。一个窗子被称为约翰·艾伦之窗
，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生 命，他于1915年在土耳其的加利波利战役中
去世。）以及文章主要内容为描述这个玻璃窗画背后的故 事，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的 考查，是一
篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。






2．阅读理解

If you love eating and drinking for free and are looking to make some pocket money, there's a
job in China with your name on it. A new type of online service allows people to hire others to
eat or drink their favorite treats, either to cure their boredom or satisfy their appetite without
the calories that usually come with it.

Chinese media recently reported on an increasingly popular service on online platform Taobao
that's as startling as it is appealing. People can now go online and hire others to consume certain
foods and drinks, and ask them to provide video evidence of them eating or drinking the said
treats.

Fees usually range from two to nine yuan ($$0.30 - $$1.35) plus the cost of the food. It's not
exactly a get-rich-quick job, but there are quite a rot of people willing to do it for the free treats
alone.

木薯粉)balls and
popping drink is all the rage in Asia these days, but there are also ads from people willing to eat
fried chicken or hot pot for anyone willing to pay for them.

Advertised as being
the full experience, which includes a 360-degree video of the drink, photos, and a detailed
description. Prices of the service are based on the drink's sweetness level, its price, and
popularity. Some clients even require a short written review to be sure that the person they hired
actually does what they are supposed to.

Sellers explained that most customers buy their
they're trying to shake off desires while they're on a diet. Drinking bubble tea by proxy may help
customers avoid high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and other health problems that the sugar-
laden drink may cause.

So why would anyone pay a total stranger to enjoy a treat rather than consume it themselves?
Well, apparently, the online service is so cheap that some people simply do it out of boredom,
while others get satisfaction from watching others indulge in their favorite treats.

This indulging-by-proxy service(代享受服务)has received a lot of attention on social media in
China, with some people describing it as the job of their dreams.

（1）What kind of people may buy the new type of online service?

A. Those who are boring.

B. Those who are trying to lose weight.

C. Those who love eating and drinking for free.

D. Those who are looking to make some pocket money.

（2）Which is the reason for many people being willing to be hired for the new job?

A. That they can make a fortune. B. That the foods and drinks are cheap.

C. That they can consume the treats for free. D. That they can realize their dreams.

（3）Why does the author mention

A. To prove that the new type of service online is popular.

B. To list an example of the new type of service online

C. To show bubble tea is greatly welcome in Asia.

D. To promote the new type of service online.

（4）What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Indulging-by-proxy service online helps lose weight.

B. Boredom leads to indulging-by- proxy service online.

C. People hold different opinions on indulging-by-proxy service online.

D. Indulging-by-proxy service online is getting increasingly popular.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种代享受服务在中国 的社交媒体上引起了
很多关注，网上代享受服务越来越受欢迎。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A new type of online service allows people to hire
others to eat or drink their favorite treats, either to cure their boredom or satisfy their appetite
without the calories that usually come with it.”一种新型的在线服务允许人们雇 佣他人来吃或
喝他们最喜欢的食物，既可以治愈他们的无聊，也可以满足他们的胃口，而不需要那些通< br>常伴随而来的卡路里。可知，那些试图减肥的人可能会购买这种新型的在线服务，故选
B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It's not exactly a get- rich-quick job, but there are quite
a rot of people willing to do it for the free treats alone. ”这并不是一个快速致富的工作，但有相
当一部分人愿意为了免费的款待而去做。可知，许多人愿意接受 这份新工作的原因是他们
可以免费享用美食，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的 “Bubble tea drinking
as the chewy tapioca(木薯粉)balls and popping drink is all the rage in Asia these days, but there
are also ads from people willing to eat fried chicken or hot pot for anyone willing to pay for
them. ““泡茶喝”是一项特别受欢迎的服务，因为这种耐嚼的木薯球和弹出式饮料最近在亚
洲风靡一时，但是 也有一些广告是关于愿意吃炸鸡或火锅的人的。由此推断出，作者在第
四段中提到“泡茶喝”是举出了一 个新的网上服务的例子，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。最后一段”This indulging-by-proxy service（代享受服务）has received a
lot of attention on social media in China, with some people describing it as the job of their
dreams.“这种代享受服务在中国的社交媒体上引起了很多关注，一些人把它描述为他们梦
想中的工作，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了网上代享受服务越
来越受欢迎， 故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社 会现象
类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，
推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。


3．阅读理解

When you live in total messiness—cookies in your pants draws, and some old New Yorkers or
apple seeds in your bed—it's hard to know where to look for when you lose your keys. The other
day, after two weeks of searching, I found my keys in the refrigerator. I can't say I was surprised.
But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD(多动症), when I was a junior at Yale.

According to a new study, 11% of school-age children have received an ADHD diagnosis, a 16%
increase since 2007. And rising diagnoses mean rising treatments—drugs like Adderall are more
accessible than ever. However, the consequences of misuse and abuse of these drugs are
dangerous.

Yet also harmful are the consequences of ADHD undiagnosed, an all- too-common story for
women like me, who have symptoms, like disorganization and forgetfulness, which look different
from those typically expressed in males.

Dr. Ellen, author of Understanding Girls with ADHD, has found around 4 million females with
ADHD are not diagnosed.
on those hyperactive（过度活跃）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be
diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys.

Besides, the idea that young women actually have ADHD often causes skepticism. As a top
student, I didn't believe my diagnosis at first. My friends were also confused, and rather certain
my doctor was misguided.


will hide their inability to meet social expectations. They see their trouble organizing, and
concentrating as character flaws(缺陷).

These years, I am both embarrassed and exhausted by my struggles to keep track of objects,
but drug has helped it and made it more bearable.

（1）The writer presents the first paragraph to .

A. air her view with an example B. bring up the topic of the passage

C. show young people's messiness D. prove Yale also has ADHD students

（2）Many female with ADHD are not diagnosed mainly because .

diagnostic criteria are made according to male ADHD

are smart enough to mask their ADHD symptoms

don't view their trouble as symptoms of ADHD

ADHD are more hyperactive than young boys

（3）What does the word

.

rnness.

.

.

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?

female ADHD patients develop the disease.

many female ADHD patients are undiagnosed.

young ADHD patients are cured of the disease.

much help ADHD patients can get from medication.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章借由作者的亲身经历讲述女性多动症不容易被诊断出来的原因。

（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段的结构和But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with
ADHD（多动症）,when I was a junior at Yale.以及下文关于多动症的内容可知，作者讲述第
一段的目的是为了引出下 文关于多动症的话题，故选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第四段的The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were
developed based on those hyperactive（过度活跃）young boys taken to clinics, making it
difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys.可知诊断多动症的标
准是基于过度活跃的年轻男孩来制定的，所以很难诊断出女孩，除非她们的行为像过度活
跃的男 孩，故选A项。

（3）词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的As a top student, I didn't believe my diagnosis at
friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was misguided.可知作者一开
始不相信多动症的诊断结果，她的朋友也很 困惑，认为是医生诊断错误，即她们都怀疑医
生的诊断，故推测画线部分的意思是怀疑，故选D项。
（4）主旨大意题。文章第三段主要讲述女性多动症的症状和男性不同；第四段主要讲述
女孩很难被诊断出多动症，因为诊断标准是按男性制定的；第五段主要讲述女性自己会怀
疑诊断结果； 第六段主要讲述女性会把多动症症状隐藏起来。综上所述，本文主要讲述女
性不容易被诊断出多动症的原 因，故选B项。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和 主旨大意题，
细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词< br>义猜测题要结合划线词所在语境，推测词义；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找
出中心思 想


4．阅读理解

A story posted by The New York Post Monday tells the tale of Katrina Holte, a Hillsboro woman
who quit her job to cosplay a 1950s housewife.

Let me start by expressing admiration to Holte for using her 2019 freedoms to follow her 1950s
dreams. Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what they wear and how they spend
their time. That's the future our foremothers fought for.

But as much fun as I am sure she is having living a vintage (复古的) life, which literally includes
watching shows like Love Lucyand listening to vinyl recordings (刻录碟片), I think it's
important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something
our grandmothers and mothers fought against.

For example, once I called my grandma and asked her for her recipe for Cloud Biscuits, these
delicious biscuits she used to make that we would cover with butter and homemade raspberry
jam on Thanksgiving.


pre-made biscuits and put them in the oven.

She straight-up refused to give me the recipe, because it was hard and took a long time to
make. In her mind, it was a waste of time.

Getting off the phone, it occurred to me that spending every day of your life serving a husband
and five children wasn't fun at all. And then there are the grandchildren who eventually come
along demanding Cloud Biscuits, a whole new expanded set of people to feed.

She was basically a slave to those hungry mouths, cooking scratch meals three times a day.

When she wasn't trapped in the kitchen, she had to keep the house clean, make sure she
looked good enough to be socially acceptable, and make sure her kids and husband looked good
enough to be socially acceptable. And she had no days off.

I know my grandma loves her kids and her grandkids, her husband and the life she led, but man,
it must have been a lot of thankless, mindless labor.

No wonder everyone went all-in on processed foods when they came around. Imagine the nice
break something like a microwave dinner would give a woman working, unpaid, for her family
every single day?

I also had another grandma. She was a scholar who helped found the Center for the Study of
Women in Society at University of Oregon. She was a pioneering second-wave feminist who
wrote books, gave lectures and traveled the world.

But, she did all of that after divorcing my grandpa, when most of her kids were out of the
house. Back then, in the 1950s and the 1960s, there was no illusion about women
How could that even possibly happen? If you were taking care of a family, waiting on your
husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream.

A lot of women took that approach. We call it Stockholm Syndrome now.

And of course, these women I am talking about are upper-middle-class white women.
Romanticizing the 1950s is especially disgusting when you think about how women of color and
poor women were treated back then, and the lack of education and choices available to them.

Because the women in this country demanded something approaching equality, Holte has the
chance to live out her fantasy. Not every woman in America is so lucky.

We still don't have pay equality and in many states, we still don't have autonomy over our own
bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the opportunities of their wealthy and white
peers.

And while it's getting better, women are still expected to be responsible for the emotional
labor of running a household and raising the children.

But at least we can get jobs. At least we don't have to sew our own clothes, wear a full face of
makeup every day and spend hours making Cloud Biscuits some ungrateful kid will wolf down,
barely remembering to say thank you.

（1）According to the author, what is the future our foremothers fought for?

A. Watching shows like

B. Having the freedom to make choices in their daily life.

C. Making Cloud Biscuits for their kids and husbands.

D. Making sure their kids and husbands socially acceptable.

（2）What does the underlined word

A. Writing books, giving lectures and traveling the world.

B. Divorcing husband when kids were out of house.

C. Taking care of a family and waiting on husband.

D. Women's illusion about

（3）What does the

A. Women have been used to the unfair treatment at home

B. Women nowadays like the way of life in the 1950s.

C. Victims end up sympathizing with the abusers.

D. Women have the chance to live out their dreams.

（4）The author thinks of the life of a 1950s housewife as ________.

A. fantastic B. admirable C. awful D. unforgettable

（5）What can we learn from the passage?

A. It was a waste of time to give grandchildren the recipe.

B. All women are not lucky to follow their own dreams in America now.

C. Housewives received recognition for their efforts from family members.

D. The upper-middle-class white women did a better job in running the household.

（6）What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?

A. To show great appreciation to her grandmas.

B. To call on housewives to claim the pay for the housework they undertake.

C. To draw readers' attention to the situations women face, especially those poor and of color.

D. To arouse women's awareness of equal pay at work.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

（5）B

（6）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 作者认为在日常生活中拥有选择的自由是我们的祖
先为之奋斗的未来，同时想让读者注意到女性所面临的 处境，尤其是那些贫穷的有色人
种。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what
they wear and how they spend their time. That's the future our foremothers fought for.”每个人
都应该很幸运，能够决定自己穿什么，如何 度过时间。这就是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未
来，可知，作者认为在日常生活中拥有选择的自由是我们的祖 先为之奋斗的未来。故选
B。

（2）考查代词指代。根据第十三段中的“If you were taking care of a family, waiting on your
husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream.”如果你要照
顾一个家庭，服侍你的丈夫，你就没有时间去追求你的梦想，除非你把它当成你的梦想，
可知，that 指代的其实是前面的内容，也就是taking care of a family, waiting on your
husband。故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第十四段中的“A lot of women took that approach. We call it
Stockholm Syndrome now.”很多女性采取了这种方式。我们现在称之为Stockholm
Syndrome，可知， 我们现在把1950s很多女性接受了这个方式生活下去的这个现象称作
Stockholm Synd rome。根据上文可知，1950s很多女性的生活方式则是——照顾家庭、服侍
丈夫、没有时间去追 求自己的梦想，这对女性来讲是不公平的，故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I think it's important to remember that being a 1950s
housewife was actually totally awful, and something our grandmothers and mothers fought
against.”我认为重要 的是要记住，作为一个50年代的家庭主妇实际上是非常糟糕的，这是
我们的祖母和母亲所反对的。可知 ，作者认为20世纪50年代家庭主妇的生活很糟糕。故
选C。

（5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段中的“ Holte has the chance to live out her fantasy. Not
every woman in America is so lucky.”霍尔特有机会实现她的梦想。不是每个美国女人都这么
幸运。可推知，在美国，并 不是所有的女性都有机会追逐自己的梦想。故选B。

（6）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段“We still don't have pay equality and in many states, we
still don't have autonomy over our own bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the
opportunities of their wealthy and white peers.”我们仍然没有薪酬平等，在许多州，我们仍然
没 有对自己身体的自主权。贫困妇女和有色人种妇女仍然缺乏与富裕和白人妇女同等的机
会。由可知，作者 写这篇文章的主要目的是让读者注意到女性所面临的情况，尤其是那些
贫穷和有色人种的情况。。故选C 。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，词义猜测和推理判断四个题型的考查，是一
篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析， 推理，从而选出正确答案。


5．阅读理解

FaceApp has taken the world by storm, giving users the chance to see themselves age through
its algorithm. 12.7 million people—some three million more than the population of New York
City—reportedly downloaded it in one seven-day period last month.

Although the Russian app has become known for its privacy issues, the more interesting lesson
of our FaceApp fling (尽情玩乐)is what it tells us about our society—and our future lives. It turns
out we are more interested in aging than we realized. I'm surprised by this. Most younger people
are in denial (否认)about old age, doing almost nothing to prepare for it. We rarely have a chance
to plan for the future, with increasing time and financial pressures. Those pressures bring
sacrifices that we may not always want to make: we can no longer afford to spend the time or the
money needed to look after our elderly parents.

As a family doctor, I can see the loneliness epidemic developing. Elderly patients come to see
me with no particular illness, no clear medical issue. After a few minutes of the consultation, I
understand why: they're not sick, and often they don't feel sick. They just need someone—
anyone-to talk to.

Although loneliness has no medical classification, the health effects are real: the result of
loneliness and isolation can be as harmful to our health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, and is
more damaging than obesity. But loneliness does not come with nearly enough health warnings.

So what next? Since 1980, we are living on average 10 years longer. At the same time, people
are having fewer and fewer children, and they are having them much later in life. The snake of a
world class health service is eating its own tail; its care is prolonging (延长) people's lives, but as
the ratio of pensioners(退休人员)to working -age people increases, there are fewer taxpayers to
fund that very health service.

Into this void have stepped NGOs, charities and volunteers. But in the long term, the only way
to truly help the oldest meters of our society is to go back to the traditional values of
intergenerational(两代间的) cooperation—often under same roof. Ultimately, we will need to
evolve towards a culture where elderly care is treated the same as childcare, where employers
recognize the duty of someone with an elderly parent the same way they recognize those of
someone with a newborn child.

（1）The example of FaceApp is used to _____.

A. prove the popularity of it B. explain the function of it

C. show the progress of technology D. introduce the topic of aging and loneliness

（2）What makes elderly people without illness go to see their family doctors?

A. Desire to have the consultation. B. Strong feeling of loneliness.

C. Unclear medical issues. D. Questions to ask doctors.

（3）How can the oldest members be truly helped?

A. By being treated as children. B. By going back to the traditional society.

C. By providing family care. D. By living with other elderly people under the same roof.

（4）What can we learn from the passage?

A. The loneliness of elderly people needs more attention.

B. FaceApp's popularity proves it has no security problems.

C. Health service lacks fund because of prolonged peopled lives.

D. FaceApp is helpful in dealing with elderly peopled loneliness.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文， 作者由FaceApp话题谈到当今的社会现象——老人
感到孤独，他们需要关注。作者认为孤独虽不是 病，但它能影响人的健康，所以他呼吁人
们像关注新生儿那样关注老人。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段has taken the world by storm, giving users the
chance to see themselves age through its algorithm. 12.7 million people—some three million
more than the population of New York City—reportedly downloaded it in one seven- day period
last month. “；第二段中的”...the more interesting lesson of our FaceApp fling (尽情玩乐）is
what it tells us about our society—and our future lives. It turns out we are more interested in
aging than we realized.“可知，FaceApp已经风靡全球，用户 有机会通过它的算法看到自己的
年龄。据报道，在上个月的七天时间里，有1270万人下载了这本书， 比纽约市的人口多了
300万。它告诉了我们关于我们的社会和我们未来的生活。事实证明，我们对衰老 的兴趣
比我们意识到的更大。作为一名家庭医生，我可以看到孤独感的蔓延。所以FaceApp主要< br>的功能是通过它的算法使用户看到自己的年龄，接着讲述老人所面临的问题—孤独和衰
老。故判断 出FaceApp的例子是用来介绍衰老和孤独的话题。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”As a family doctor, I can see the loneliness epidemic
developing. Elderly patients come to see me with no particular illness, no clear medical issue. “可
知老人经常去看家庭医生是因为孤独，他们没有生病，只想找人聊聊。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”But in the long term, the only way to truly help the
oldest members of our society is to go back to the traditional values of intergenerational（两代
间的） cooperation—often under same roof. Ultimately, we will need to evolve towards a culture
where elderly care is treated the same as childcare“,可知从长期来看我们帮助老年成员的方法< br>是和他们一起居住，并且给予他们婴儿般的关爱。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”But loneliness does not come with nearly enough
health warnings.“可知老人孤独并没有带 来足够的健康警示，故推断人们孤独的老人应该得
到更多的关注，选A。

【点评】 本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考
生需要准确掌握细节信息 ，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


6．阅读理解

When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding
the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached
adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better
marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.

These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from
Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more
productive lives than those who had not.
competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society, George
Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.
themselves, others felt good about them.

Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31
and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their
boyhood -activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school,
and ability to deal with problems.

The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was
surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have
warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less
likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and
economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.

Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility,
independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health.
They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The
most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy
once said,
work for the person one loves and to love one's work.

（1）What do we know about John?

A. He enjoyed his career and marriage. B. He had few childhood playmates.

C. He received little love from his family. D. He was envied by others in his childhood.

（2）Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as ________.

A. a description of personal values and social values

B. an analysis of how work was related to competence

C. an example for parents' expectations of their children

D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men

（3）Vaillant's team obtained their findings by ________.

A. recording the boys' effort in school B. evaluating the men's mental health

C. comparing different sets of scores D. measuring the men's problem solving ability

（4）What does the underlined word

A. Quick to react. B. Having a thin edge. C. Clear and definite. D. Sudden and rapid.

【答案】 （1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作
过的人生活得更快乐、更有成效。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and
was healthier.”他的工作满意度更高，婚 姻更美满，身体也更健康。可知，约翰享受他的事
业和婚姻，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，‘said George
Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.’And because they felt good about
themselves, others felt good about them. ‘发现这一现象的心理学家Vaillant说:在家庭或社区
工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己 是社会中有价值的成员。因为他们对自己感觉
良好，别人也对他们感觉良好。可推知，Vaillant 在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成
长为快乐的人，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's
menta l?health scores with their boyhood ?activity scores.”可知Vaillant的研究小组通过比 较不
同的分数得到了他们的发现，故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Those who had done the most boyhood activities were
twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be
well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.” 那些在童年时期参加过最多活动的
人，与各种各样的人保持亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪 的可能性是其他人
的五倍，失业的不可能性是其他人的16倍。可知，The link between what the men had done
as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. 的意思是男性在孩童时期的
行为和成年后的表现之间的联系是惊人的明确。的意思明确，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选
出正确答案。< br>

7．阅读理解

In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount
Everest (珠穆朗玛). It was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—
named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high.

The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face
masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and
metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模拟)10w-,
medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face
masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.

Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And
researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe
more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.

The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-
like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese's heart rate and
frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the
birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature dropped so it could
take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in eLife. This cooling likely helps compensate
for the very thin air, the team says.

Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when
wearing their backpacks and flying at 6ihighaltitudes. So it's not clear whether these
adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount
Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.

（1）Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?

A. To test the flying height and speed of them.

B. To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.

C. To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.

D. To see how many calories they burned per hour.

（2）What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?

A. It was carried out at very high altitude.

B. The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.

C. The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.

D. It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.

（3）What still puzzles scientists about the geese?

A. Whether they have super hearts and lungs.

B. Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.

C. Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.

D. Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.

（4）Where does the text most probably come from?

A. A science fiction. B. A climbing guide. C. A travel brochure. D. A science report.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的
顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅 ，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果
发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟， 因此能否飞过珠峰尚
不明确。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-
headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible.报道说，一名登
山者看到 一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们认为这是不可能的；以及
raised 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the
birds really fly so high.现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。再根据
最后一段中的
t he 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese
really could fly over the top of Mount Everest .但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚
不清楚。由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这 种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的wind tunnel experiments showed that when the
concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same
even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely
helps comp可知 风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频 率保持不变，
即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可 能
有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的
in the air a few minutes- or less ...尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。这两
处综合推断出，鹅可以 在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.可 知，目前尚不
清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶
峰。 为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果
发现这种鹅可以在 氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚
不明确。由此可知本文属于科普文 章。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根 据上下文进
行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


8．阅读理解

A typical child plays many roles, such as friend, neighbor, son or daughter. Simply reminding
children of that fact can lead to better problem-solving and more flexible thinking, according to
new research from Duke University.

Better problem-solving was just one positive finding of the study, said lead author Sarah
Gaither, an assistant professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke. After thinking about their
own various identities, children also showed more flexible thinking about race and other social
groupings—a behavior that could be valuable in an increasingly diverse society.

In a series of experiments, Gaither and her colleagues looked at 196 children, ages 6 and 7. In