爱在日出日落时大学英语四级考试作文指导

2021年1月17日发(作者：对偶)
大学英语四级考试作文指导
第一篇四六级考试作文简介
1
基本要求
《大学英语教学大纲》规定：大学英语教学的目的之一是 培养学生 具有一定的
英语写作能力。大学英语四级统考 作文部分占
15
分
,
要求 学生
,
根据规定的题目或提示，在
30
分钟内写出
120
字以上的短文
。
请参看下面四级写作评分原则和评分标准。
评分原则
四六级考试从内容和语言两方面 对作文进行综合评估。内容和语 言是一个统一
体。内容要求思想正确，主题突出。 内容要考虑是否用
英语清楚而准确地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解 上的障碍，用词
和造句是否清楚而准确地表达思想 。
评分标准
2
条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句 子均有错
分
误，且多数为严重错误。
5
分
基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较 多的严重
语言错误。
8
分
基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯，但 语言错误
较多，其中有少量的严重错误。
切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言 错误。
简
分
切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基 本上无语
分
言错误。
［
注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只要几个孤立的词而思想无法表
达，则给
0
分。
］

此外，为引起教师和学生对作文部分的重视， 全国四级考试中心还 实行作文最低
分制度，最 低为
6
分。如作文为
0
分，总分高于
60
分， 成绩报导时 一律报
59
分不及
格处理；若作文分大于
0
分小于
6
分时， 最后报导分
=
原计总分
--6
分
+
实得作文分。
14
2
作文命题形式及常考题型分析
纵览历年的作文试题，我们可以发现 论说文占绝大多数，但近年应用 文有上升的势头
（
01.6
、
02.1是书信体，
91.6
、
02.6
是图表作文）。就 话题而言，主要有三大类：社
会热闹话题、校园话题和日常生活话题。 以下是历年作文题的汇总与统计，建议大家研
究一下它的出题规律并写 写看。
一、历年四级考试作文题统计
社会热门话题
(87.9) Women in Modern World

(90.6) Make Our Cities Greener
(91.1) Bicycle -An Importa nt Means of Tran sport in Chi na
(91.6) Changes in People
'
s Diet
(94.1) The world Is Getting Smaller and Smaller.
(96.1) The Two-day Weekend
(96.6) Global Shortage of Fresh Water
(98.1) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities.
校园话题
(88.6) An Early Morning Walk (
记叙文
)
(92.6) How I overcome My Difficulties in Learning English
(94.6) My Ideal Job
(95.6) Advantage of Job Interview.
(97.6) Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus.
(99.6) Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
(00.1) How I Finance My College Education.
(00.6) Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?
(01.1) How to Succeed in a Job Interview?
(01.6) A letter to a Schoolmate
(02.1) A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on
Campus.
(02.6) Student Use of Computers.
日常生活话题
(89. 1) The Tape Recorder
(90. 1) What Would Happen If There Were No Power
(92.1) Is Failure a Bad Thing?
(93.1) Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport.
(95.1) Can Money Buy Happiness?
(97.1) Practice Makes Perfect .
(98.6) Do
(99.1) Don ' t Hesitate to Say
(03.1) It Pays to Be Honest
我们知道
,
四六级考试是一项大规模的考试，为提高其客观性，以利评 分，考试对作文
的命题形式是这样限制的： 给出题目作文、 规定情景作 文、给出段首句续写、书信作
文、给出关键词作文、看图作文或根据 所给文章写出摘要或大意 等。下面分析主要的
几种类型：
1
)提纲作文
这类题型是四六级作文考试到目前为止最常见的。 它给出 作文的英
文题目以及较为详细的提纲，提纲有时是英文的，但多数是用中文给 出的。每段的提纲
规定了文章每段的主旨， 它要求考生围绕这个中心制
定主题句，再顺着主题句展开段落，最后用一句总结句回应主题句。 例
1999
年
6
月全
国四六级考试作文题同为一个提纲类作文， 题目要求
完全一样，只是字数要求不一样(四级为
120
字，六级为
150
字)。
Directions : For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a
composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should
write at least 120 (150) words, and base your composition on the outline (give
n in Chin ese) below:
1
有人认为读书要有选择
2
有人认为应该博览群书
3
我的看法
2)
主题句作文
In troductio n
This is the most com mon compositi on practiced in CET-4
.
Usually the
title and the topic sentences of each paragraph are given You are required to
write exactly according to the title
.
You must use the given topic senten ces
作文题例：
Directions
:
For this part
,
you are allowed 30 minutes to write a
composition about “Television
”
in three paragraphs.
You are given the first sentence of each paragraph to develop the idea in
completing the paragraph
.
Your composition should be about 120words not
including the words given. Remember to write clearly.
Televisi on
1) Television presents a vivid world in front of us.
2) Television can also play an educational role in our daily life .
3) However
,
television can also be harmfu
l
3)
图表作文
图表作文是四六级作文考试常考题型之一，也是考生觉得较难对付 的作文形式。
图表形式：
图表题型主要分类：
(1)
曲线图题型
(
Line chart)
；
(2)
饼状图题型
(Pie chart);
(3)
柱状图题型
(Bar chart)
；
(4)
表格图题型仃
able)
。
要求考生
:
通常还给出作文的标题和一些提示
(
1)
用文字来描述图表，客观解 释图表中所传递
的信息并找出某种规律或趋势； ⑵就图表中所反
映出某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。
(
3)
根据前面的分析得出
你的结论或发表你的看法。 一般要求写成论说文。
例
11991
年
6
月四级考试作文为统计表格题：
Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition
about Changes in People
'
Diet according to the following outline in three
paragraphs. Your part of the composition should be no less than 120 words,
not in cludi ng the words give n. Remember to write clearly. You should quote
as few figures as possible.
Changes in People
'
s Diet
1 state the changes in people
'
s diet in the past five years
2 give possible reas ons for the cha nges
3 draw your own con clusi on
K
Yea
「
Food X
Grain
Milk
Meat
Fruit and
Vegetable
Total
1986
49%
10%
17%
24%
1987 1988
47%
11%
20%
22%
1989 1990
45%
13%
21%
21%
46.5% 45%
11% 12%
22.5% 23%
20% 20%
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
看图表作文一般可分三段写。第一段说明该图表反映的总情况，选 择能充分说明主题的
典型数据进行概述。 第二段对数字进行仔细分析
比较，归纳出增减速率，找出产生变化的原因。 第三段写读图表后的
想法或评论，得出自己的结论。
Gen eral in troductio n

An alysis Con clusi on
概要介绍一分析图表和变化的原因一评论或总结
例
12
以下再举一个曲线坐标图
(
Graph)
作文题例：
Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition
based on the following graph showing the growth of the world s population. The
opening sentence is given and you are required to develop it into a full
composition. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words. Some
useful words and phrases are provided, but you do not have to in clude all of
them.
Graph showing the growth of the world
'
s population. (Suggested wo
and phrases: birth control, death rate, population explosion, food shortage).

The Problem of Huma n Populati on
It has been estimated that a thousand years ago there were less than
400 milli on people on
earth. _______________________________________ ________________
从曲线坐标图可以看到，过去人口增长速度的缓慢同现在人口的急 剧增长形成了鲜
明的对照。图中文字表明，
In dustrial and Agricultural
Revolution
和
Emergenceof Modern Medicine
与人口的急剧增长不无关 系。根据
题目所提供的信息可制定以下提纲：
1）
人口增长的情况；
a.
过去人口增长的情况；
b
现在人口增长的情况；
c
未来人口增长情况的预测。
2）
人口爆炸的原因；
3）
人口爆炸带来的问题。

最后表达自己的看法。
4
） 情景作文
题中给定一个情景，要求考生在这个范围内充分发挥想象力，精心 构思出一篇符合
情景要求、意思连贯的短文。 这类作文限定条件比较
少，考生自由发挥程度较大，我们预测以后会考这类题型的作文。 例如
题中说某国大学生代表团要来你班交流联欢，请你写一篇欢迎辞在联欢 会上宣读，这就
要求写篇情景作文。
例
Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a
composition of about 120 words. Your composition should be based on the
following situation. Remember to write clearly.
Situati on:
Imagi ne that you are required to write a Want Ad for the Dea n
係主任
）.
You are supposed to base this ad on the outl ine show n below:
Wan ted: Stude nt Con sulta nt to the Dean
Duties: meeting with students; presenting oral and written reports;
atte nding sessi ons
Requirements: full-time student with one year of student experienee; a strong
sense of duty
Salary: $$3,000 an academic year
Time Commitme nt: 15 h. Weekly
Deadl in e: December 15, 2000; to Elmer Borden 800-2817
5）
标题作文
标题作文是一种常见的传统式命题作文。它只给出一个标题，不附
带任何要求和说明，考生可取不同的角度确立主题并作阐述，文体类
型也可根据自己审题和构思写成不同类型的作文。其优点是考生可以
充分发挥想象，考出水平；其缺点是由于它没有限制，考生容易写成
“千人千面”的作文，不利评分。写这类作文时首先要对标题进行审
视，限制写作范围，选取某一个面来写，再确定文章的体裁、主题和 论述或描写的角
度。
Directions
:
Write a composition on the topic
“
Shoud Firecrackers Be
Banned
？ ”
Your composition should be at least 120words
.
Remember to support the
main idea with details and make your conclusion
.
Coherence is also important
.
6)
关键词作文
Key Words Composition
In this kind of composition
，
a series of key words are given together

with the title
．
It requires students' imagination and
association in connecting the words logically without going astray from the
main topic
．
范例：
指示：在
30
分钟内以“
City and Countryside
”为题，写一篇
120
词 左右的短
文，必需包括下列关键词及表达方式，要求使用正确、恰当。
Key Words and Expressions
：
similarities differences environment
transportation education entertainment
colorful boring public health service
reduce the gap
1) The city and the countryside are similar in some ways.
2) But there still exist great differences in the fields of
environment
，
transportation
，
public health service
，
education and
entertainment
．
3) We will try to reduce the gap between The
city and the
countryside.

第二篇 四级作文对策
准备的三个阶段：
1
）写好句子（练熟基本句型和常用句型，请看巅峰训练的
的写作常用句型和英语作文和翻译经典句型
100
句）。
58-60
页
2
）写好一个段落（英语段落的扩展、衔接与连贯）
3
）写好一篇完整四级作文（尽量利用巅峰训练的
33-47
页的各种作 文模板和范
文）
在写四级作文的四个步骤：
1
审题和构思
审题有两个目的：
1
）确定写作要求，明确要表达的观点；
2
）确定用什 么方式表
达主题，是叙述文、描写文还是论说文？ 审好题后，就要开 始构思，精心选材。选
材要典型、具体、生动、有趣，要有利于阐发主 题。
2
列提纲
审题和构思完后， 就要根据其结果列出提纲， 它好象为你写作路上 插上路
标，以免丢掉要点。由于四六级考试时间仅
30
分钟，又是写一 篇
120/150
字的短
文，所以 提纲应尽可能简单些，片言只语都行，以自 己看得懂为准 。
3.
选材
确定了文章的主题和轮廓之后， 我们就开始 考虑要选择哪些要点来 阐明主
题。选材一定要围绕主题句进行， 同时要考虑到全面性。
4
．动笔 列好提纲后，就可以开始动笔写作了。一般来说， 首段为立意段 ， 只要写
出三四个句子来即可 （大约
40
个单词），任务是亮出主题， 不宜 太过细，否则接
下来的主体段再重复一次就多余了。 接下来是 全文的主 体段，是这篇文章的精华
段， 一般写七八个句子为宜 （大约
60-70
个单 词）。最后 为总结段，也以三四个
句子为好（大约
40
个单词），总结重 申一下主题思想或阐发自己的观点。 在遣词
造句方面，要尽可能用你 有把握的词语和你熟悉的句型来表达思想。 如果碰见单词
不会拼写， 意 思不会用英语表达，应设法绕开，不要生拼硬凑。
修改
修改的主要任务是检查一下 有无拼写和语法方面的错误，同时注意是 否用词有过多
的重复。
第三篇
如何写好一个段落
亠?英语段落的衔接与连贯

1.
内容上的连贯：
这里所说的连贯有两两层含义。一是指 文章在内容上是连贯、统一 的，文章中
所有的句子都是为全文的中心服务的。 就各段而言，其 中的每一句话都要紧紧
围绕看该段的主题句进行， 不能说与主题句 无关的东西。
Sports ben efit us in many respects .
⑴
Whe n taki ng part in
sports, we get the chanee to tr ain almost all parts of our body. There is no
doubt that properly balaneed physical activities keep us physically fit. (2)
Furthermore, sports can enrich our life and maintain our psychological
health. (3) Through participati on, every one can learn that on the playing
field he not only competes for himself but also for his team. Sports teach us
about consideration, cooperation
and optimism, and how to cope with difficulties.
第一句是本段的主题句，接下来作者从体育运动对身体的好处说了两 句，第四句讲述
体育运动对心理方面的益处， 第五句从团队的方面加以
论述，最后一句既是论据，同时也是对前面三点的概括。全段没有一句 话脱离主题
句。
2.
连贯的第二层含义指的是表达上
的连贯。 文章的段落之间、段落中
各句子之间要有一定的衔接
。
段落结构和句与句之间的衔接应遵照一 定的顺序
；
段
落之间的连接也应符合逻辑。这样使文章连贯紧凑，自然 流畅，层次分明，脉络清
晰。
The weather has bee n cha ngeable. On Sun day we had a high wind that
blew dow n some trees. Mon day _was so cold that we had to tur n on the
heat and wear win ter coats. And it rema ined gloomy the n ext day. To our
pleasure, by Wednesday the weather cleared and the sun came out. But
Thursday tuned out to be as hot and humid as an August day. Worse still, it
began to rain this morning, and it looks as if we' ll l have a cold, steady wind
for a few days.
时间上的连接（时间顺序） 为蓝色部分引导；
表达上和意义上的连贯为红色部分引导。表达上的连贯常用代词或有 意地重复手段和
是使用关联词语（或叫语义连接语） 或一些修辞上的
手法
（
如排比句或比喻等
）
。

段落的展开方法
1.
列举法和举例法
列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想
,
是简单易行、具有说服力的 写作方法。

Communi cati ng with other people by teleph one is very convenient,
especially whe n you have someth ing urge nt. For example, if one of your
family members is seriously ill at night, and you do n
'
t know how to deal
with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the
answer. Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon.
列举的模式通常是
主题句
——example 1
——example 2
——example 3
? ? ?
举例常用表达方式：
for example, for instanee, such as, like, as proof, thus,
take
…
as a good example, a case in point is that …
；
to illustrate
列举：
first(ly)
,
sec on d(1y)
,
third(1y)
,
the n
,
next
,
last(1y)
,
fin ally
,
for
one thi ng --for ano ther
表示添加：
and
,
aga in
,
also
,
besides
,
moreover
,
furthermore, what
'
s more, in addition
等词 语
.
Non verbal com muni cati on or
“
body Ian guage
”
can be just as
importa nt to un dersta nding as words are. Because
Misunderstandings often amusing but sometimes serious ——can arise
between people from different culture if they misinterpret non verbal sig
nals. Take for example, the differe nces in meaning of gesture very com
mon in the Un ited States: a circle made with the thumb and in dex fin ger
食扌旨
.To an America n, it means that everything is ok. To a Japanese , it
means that you are talking about money. In France, it means that
something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore ,
an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular
hand
sig nal.
2.
分类法
一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个 方面。然后，选
用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具 体地说明或解释。
There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good
library. First, there are books on all subjects, both in English and in many
other Ianguages. These books are organized according to subject, title,
and author in a central the card catalog. Books can gen erally be
checked out of the library and take n home for a period of two to four
weeks. Second, there are referenee works. which in clude en
cyclopedias, dicti on aries, bibliography, atlases, etc., and which gen
erally must be used in the library itself. Third, there are periodicals
—
magazines, newspapers, pamphlets
—
which are filed alphabetically in