climate大学英语图表作文写作方法和模板非常全

2021年1月16日发(作者：樊哲祥)
大学英语--图表作文--写作方法--和--模板(非常全)

图表作文（一）
第一节 图表作文的类型
图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。
表作文
表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题(Title )、表头(Boxhead)(表
格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Bo dy)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分组成。
如下表：
用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且 表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找
出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的 变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的数字说明，
和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而 小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化
规律也就读懂了表格的内容。
图作文
图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。
(1) 圆形图作文
圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大
小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块
表示分量。 有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：
This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see
from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for
25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing,
which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up
10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to
62% of the total expenditure.
(2) 曲线图作文
曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过
程和趋势。一般来说 ，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴
和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的 数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线
条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：
这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线
图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39)，此后一
直呈 下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点(16)。可见，1990年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降
的趋势 。
(3) 条形图作文
条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条 形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的
量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形 图主要用来表示：1)同一项目在不
同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图 例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什
么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及 各长条间的相互关
系。例如：
左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命(Life Expectancy)，这一条形图想要体现
的是同一项目(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。右边的条形 图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是代表婴
儿的死亡率(Infant Mortality)，这一条形图 想要体现的也是同一项目(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间
的量。左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿 命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20岁，而1990
年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了 50%。
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第二节 图表作文的出题形式
例1 题目：Changes in People’s Diet
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given
in the table. Write three paragraphs to :
1. state the changes in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
You should quote as few figures as possible.

例2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;
1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.
Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as
possible.

例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in
Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your
composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):
1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)
的变化情况
2. 说明引起变化的各种原因
从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或 几个统计表格、圆形图、
曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：
1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;
2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。

第三节 图表作文的写作要领
图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析 、比较，对
某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用
议论文体的写作方法。
写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信 息间的联系，用准确流
畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。
图表作文的写作步骤
写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：
1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;
2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;
3)编列文章的提纲;
4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成 文章，注意段与
段之间的衔接与过渡;
5)检查与修改。
图表作文的篇章结构
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写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往
往分 析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭
示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原 因。第三段则
展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以
简单地表述为：
第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想
第二段：分析产生的原因
第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议


图表作文常用的句型
(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法)
① According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can
see/conclude that … 根据该表/图，我们可知 ……
② The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/
represents/points out) that … 该表/图表明……
③ As we can see from the table …
As can be seen from the line/bar graph …
As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart …
如表/图所示，……
(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型
① Compared with … is still increased by …
② The number of … grew/rose from … to …
③ An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …
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大学英语--图表作文--写作方法--和--模板(非常全)
④ In … the number remains the same/drops to …
⑤ There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.
⑥There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop
(decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).
下面是根据例2的题目要求写的范文。
⑴From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during
the year of 1990. ⑵The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. ⑶The rate rose to 32 in
March but fell to 26 in June. ⑷From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39
in August. ⑸After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest
point 16 at the end of the year. ⑹Therefore, it’s obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in
1990.⑴主题句/概述表格反映的内容⑵—(5)反映交通事故的变化情 况(6)小结：总结表格数据反
映的总趋势
⑺There are several reasons for the decline. ⑻First, a new traffic law was made and came into
force. ⑼It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. ⑽As a result, the highest rate
in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car
accidents, dropped steadily. ⑾Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened,
which quickened the flow of traffic. ⑿Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten
people’s awareness of observing traffic rules. ⑺主题句⑻原因/措施一⑼解释措施一/次要辅助⑽采
取措施一后的结果⑾原因/措施二⑿原因/措施三
⒀With all these new measures, I’m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on
falling this year.⒀总结：展望未来的情况

第四节、 图表作文练习及其参考范文
下面是写作练习，在写作的过程中注意审题，考虑文章的结构、采用的 扩展方法、开头的
结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。
练习1：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less
than 120 words on Changes in People’s Diet. Study the following table carefully and your
composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
1. state the changes in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
⑴As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in people's diet between 1986 and 1990.
⑵From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese people, is now
playing a less important role in people's diet. ⑶And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. ⑷On the
other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly.
⑸What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (主题句). (6) First, people are
much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can afford to buy nutritious foods. (8)
Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain
amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally, owing to the economic
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大学英语--图表作文-- 写作方法--和--模板(非常全)
reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.
(11) Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too much rich food may result
in obesity and may other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat,
but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.


图表作文（二）
一、图表作文写作常识
1、图形种类及概述法：
泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table
饼图：pie chart
直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram
趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram
表格图：table
流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram
程序图：processing/procedures diagram
2、常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As （is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，
figures/statistics shows （that）……
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures （that） ……
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how……
3、图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法
数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time
在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time
持续变化的data在不同情况下：
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ……
减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ……
波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ……
稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ……
最常用的两种表达法：
动词+副词形式（Verb+Adverb form）
形容词+名词形式（Adjective+Noun form）

二、相关常用词组
1、主章开头
图表类型：table、chart、diagramgraph、column chart、pie graph
描述：show、describe、illustrate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represent
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内容：figure、s tatistic、number、percentage、proportion
2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组
rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的
dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的
significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的
steep/steeply 急剧升降的
steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的
gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的
slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的
slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地
stable/stably 稳定的
3、其它在描述中的常用到的词
significant changes 图中一些较大变化
noticeable trend 明显趋势
during the same period 在同一时期
grow/grew 增长
distribute 分布，区别
unequally 不相等地
in the case of adv. 在……的情况下
in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在……方面
in contrast 相反，大不相同
government policy 政府政策
market forces 市场规率
measure n.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节
forecast n.先见，预见v.预测

三、英语图表写作套句精选
table shows the changes in the number of……over the period from……to……
该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
bar chart illustrates that…… 该柱状图展示了……
graph provides some interesting data regarding……
该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。
diagram shows （that）…… 该图向我们展示了……
pie graph depicts （that）…… 该圆形图揭示了……
is a cure graph which describes the trend of……这个曲线图描述了……的趋势。
figures/statistics show （that）…… 数据（字）表明……
tree diagram reveals how…… 该树型图向我们揭示了如何……
data/statistics show （that）…… 该数据（字）可以这样理解……
data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……
这些数据资料令我们得出结论……
is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table…如图所示…
ing to the chart/figures…… 根据这些表（数字）……
is shown in the table…… 如表格所示……
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大学英语--图表作文-- 写作方法--和--模板(非常全)
can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in……
从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化。
the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly that……or it is clear/apparent from the
chart that…… 从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到……
is a graph which illustrates…… 这个图表向我们展示了……
table shows the changing proportion of a & b from……to……
该表格描述了……年到……年间a与b的比例关系。
graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in……
该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势。
is a column chart showing…… 这是个柱型图，描述了……
can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuation of……
如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。
the period from…to…the…remained level. 在…至…期间，…基本不变。
the year between……and…… 在……年到……期间……
the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998…… 1995年至1998三年里……
then on/from this time onwards…… 从那时起……
number of……remained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。
……月（年）至……月（年）……的数量基本不变。
number sharply went up to…… 数字急剧上升至……
percentage of…stayed the same between…and……至…期间…的比率维持不变。
figures peaked at……in（month/year）……的数目在……月（年）达到顶点，为……
percentage remained steady at…… 比率维持在……
percentage of…is slightly larger/smaller than that of比例比…的比例略高（低）。
is not a great deal of difference between……and………与……的区别不大。
graphs show a threefold increase in the number of……
该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍。
33……decreased year by year while……increased steadily.
……逐年减少，而……逐步上升。
situation reached a peak（a high point at） of[%].
……的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为……百分点。
figures/situation bottomed out in…… 数字（情况）在……达到底部。
figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。
37.a is ……times as much/many as b. a是b的……倍。
38.a increased by…… a增长了……
39.a increased to…… a增长到……
/low/great/small/ percentage. 比低高（低）
is an upward trend in the number of…… ……数字呈上升趋势。
42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to………到……发生急剧上升。
……to……the rate of decrease slow down. 从……到……，下降速率减慢。
this year on，there was a gradual declinel reduction in the……，reaching a figure of……
从这年起，……逐渐下降至……
similar to…… 与……相似
the same as…… 与……相同
are a lot similarities/differences between……and……
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大学英语--图表作文--写作方法--和--模板(非常全)
……与……之间有许多相似（不同）之处
48.a has something in common with b a于b有共同之处。
difference between a and b lies in…… a与b之间的差别在于……
50……（year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in…… ……年……急剧上升

开头段转述题目常用句型
The line graph describes/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ summarizes/ outlines/ shows…
后面跟名词或者从句
开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型
According to/ As shown in/ As can be seen from… 后面跟图表的类型
It can be seen from …后面跟图表的类型… that
It is manifest from…后面跟图表的类型… that
表示上升的动词
Go up(went up) /rise(rose)/ grow(grew)/ increase(increased)/ ascend(ascended) , 其中
rise和increase 也经常作名词, grow-growth
表示急剧上升的动词
Jump(jumped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up (shot up)/ soar(soared) 其中surge也可以做名词
表示下降的动词
Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend, 其中decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease也经常
做名词
表示急剧下降的动词
Plummet/ plunge
表示速度快的形容词
Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep 副词加 -ly
表示幅度大的形容词
Marked/ substantial / significant, 副词加 -ly
表示缓慢,逐渐的形容词
Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow, 副词加 -ly
表示小幅度的形容词
Modest/ moderate/ slight, 副词加 -ly
表示波动的动词
Fluctuate, 不及物动词,名词fluctuation
表示稳定在一个水平上的动词
Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at
表示达到最高的动词
Peak at/ reach the highest point at , peak 也可以做名词
表示达到最低的动词
Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at, bottom 也可以做名词
表示经历了某种变化的及物动词
Experience/ witness/ see
表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组
Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at
表示占…(后面跟百分数或数字)的及物动词或词组
Account for/ represent / constitute / make up
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大学英语--图表作文--写作方法--和--模板(非常全)
表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组
A is composed of/comprise/ is made up of/ consists of B,C and D. 注意和include 区别
表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词
Project/ predict / forecast
表示分别的副词
Respectively—in the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals
respectively.
表示大约的副词或者词组
About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just under

图表作文（三）

作文1
DIRECTIONS: A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. B.
Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your essay should cover these
three points:
1. effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife
2. possible reason for the effect
3. your suggestion for wildlife protection

【段落类型分析】
第一段 第二段 第三段
图画/图表描述段 原因阐释段 建议措施段
【参考范文一】
From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number
of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet.
There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the
most important ones here. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing number of
people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to
other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition,
although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch
a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Consequently, the natural balance and
the ecologic environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some
of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.
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