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一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Spacewalk!
Most people don't know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration
occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to
complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human
was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure,
but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.
________ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to
breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. ________ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes
firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after
returning to their spacecraft.
Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They
have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EVAs.
________ On July 20
th
, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the
first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity—about 17 percent of Earth's,
which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon's surface. Suits for the moon are
equipped for exploration far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from
the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks weren't the only danger to astronauts.
The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗
粒) left over from the numerous meteorite (陨石) strikes on the moon. ________ When
astronauts would leave the moon's gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got
into delicate equipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut's eyes and lungs. As different
space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take
something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.
A. However, EVAs don't just happen in empty space.
B. It sticks to everything, eventually causing joints and seals to fail.
C. Spacesuits also have to maintain ideal air pressure during a spacewalk.
D. Unfortunately, most people have no idea about space exploration or spacesuits.
E. Without the ability to work in space, we are unable to keep our space programs functional.
F. There are a few things that must be taken into account to make an EVA both safe and effective
【答案】 F；C；A；B
【解析】【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。1965年3月18日，宇航员阿列克谢·列奥诺夫成为
完成舱外活动(EVA)第 一人。现在，宇航员穿着现代宇航服在太空从事许多复杂的工作。为
了保证宇航员的安全，新宇航服的设 计也有更高的要求。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后In space, a spacesuit must protect
people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide.可
知宇航服必须保护人们免受极冷和极热的伤害，提供空气，并去除多余的二氧化碳。 F.
There are a few things that must be taken into account to make an EVA both safe and
effective “为了使舱外活动在太空中既安全又有效，有几件事必须被考虑进去”承接上文，a
few things就是指后文的protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and
remove extra carbon dioxide. 故选F。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Too much of it, and the spacesuit
becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously
sick after returning to their spac ecraft.”可知（气压）太高的话，宇航服就会变硬，很难穿进
去。如果（气压）过低，宇航员回 到飞船后可能会生病。连接下文， C. Spacesuits also
have to maintain ideal air pressure during a spacewalk. “宇航服还必须在（宇航员）太空
行走时保持理想的气压。”切题。C项的air pressure与下文的代词it相呼应。故选C。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前now perform complex
jobs in the emptiness of space in modern space suits可知宇航员现在穿着现代宇航服，在空旷
的太空中从事复杂的工作；再根据空后“On July 20
th
, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong
set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity”
可知除了在太空工作，1969年美国宇航员阿姆斯特朗第一次登 上月球。承上启下，月球上
没有大气，但有地球引力。 A. However, EVAs don't just happen in empty space. “然而，
舱外活动并不只是发生在广阔的太空中。”切题，故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前moon surface is covered with a
fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒) left over from the numerous
meteorite (陨石) strikes on the moon可知月球表面覆盖着一种灰尘，这种灰尘由撞上月亮的
陨石留下的小颗粒组成的。承接上文， B. It sticks to everything, eventually causing joints
and seals to fail. “它可以粘在任何东西上，最终导致连接和密封（的东西）没法用。”切
题。B项的it代指前文的a fine and flour-like dust。选B。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When we were growing up in our grandparents' home, Jack, my grandfather, was always in his
room sitting in the chair and listening to the radio. The voices speaking from the metal box day
and night, taught us that there was a larger world outside. He would roll the black dial (刻度盘)
back and forth until the signal was clear. Then he would listen.
Now he is old and falls ill. When I went to visit him, he said to me,
problem is that we're losing primary contact with each other. No more shaking hands. Everyone is
so busy. We want too much and in the process of getting it we miss so much.
while.
I think of all the voices on the radio he has spent a lifetime listening to. I asked,
become interested in radio?
always interested in searching for a better signal, a clearer, more powerful signal that could
communicate with someone somewhere.
the signal, but you can't get rid of natural noise caused by thunder and lightning, rainstorms, or
snowstorms.
He closed his eyes and smiled.
we haven't progressed that far as human beings. We shouldn't forget we still have the same basic
needs.
（1）What did Jack use to do in his room? (No more than 12 words)
（2）Why did Jack roll the black dial back and forth? (No more than 5 words)
（3）How is Jack feeling now? (No more than 8 words)
（4）What does the underlined word
（5）What should you do to solve the problem of losing direct contact with others? (No more
than 20 words)
【答案】 （1）He used to sit in the chair, listening to his radio.
Or: He sat in the chair and listened to his radio.
（2）To find a clear signal.
（3）He is feeling lonely and sad.
（4）Remove.
（5）Open.
We should reduce the time we spend on the Internet and find more time to communicate with
others.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己的祖父杰 克曾经爱听收音机的
习惯以及祖父杰克对互联网的看法，旨在说明我们应该减少上网的时间，多拿出些时 间来
与人交流，尤其应该多与老人进行直接的交流，以减少他们的孤独感。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Jack, my grandfather, was always in his room sitting in
the chair and listening to the radio.”可知，作者的祖父Jack总是在他的房间里坐在椅子上，
听收音机。故 答案概括为：He used to sit in the chair, listening to his radio. Or: He sat in the
chair and listened to his radio.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“He would roll the black dial（刻度盘）back and forth
until the signal was c lear.”他来回地拨弄着黑色表盘，直到信号清晰为止，可知，Jack这样做
的目的是为了找到清 晰的信号。故答案概括为：To find a clear signal.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I dislike the Internet.以及It makes me lonely and sad.”
可知，Jack不喜欢互联网，因为它使他感到孤独与悲伤.故答案概括为：He is feeling lonely
and sad.
（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“…but you can't remove natural noise caused by
thunder and lightning, rainstorms, or snowstorms.”但你却不能去除掉由雷电，暴雨，或暴风
雪 造成的天然的噪声）可推测，前一句“you can electronically eliminate all kinds of noise from
the signal”的意思“你可以通过电子 手段消除信号中的各种噪声”。因此，remove（去除）应
与划线部分的单词是同义词故答案为re move。
（5）考查开放题。本题问的是：你怎样做才能解决失去与他人直接交流的问题？根据文
中第二段I dislike the Internet. The problem is that we're losing primary contact with each other.
No more shaking hands. Everyone is so busy.可知，由于有了互联网 以后，人们都忙着上网
了，才使得人们失去了直接接触的机会。故答案概括为：We should reduce the time we
spend on the Internet and find more time to communicate with others.也可以发表自己的意
见，但注意不要超过20个单词。
【点评】本 题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和开放题三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类
阅读，要求考生准确掌握所 给材料，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的词汇知识
和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。
3．请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入1个最恰当的单词。
Why the youth sense anger in faces
We tend to believe that older people are more positive and younger people are more sensitive
to social cues (暗示).
Recently scientists investigated this idea by testing 10,000 men and women. They wanted to
see if age affected a person's ability to identify facial emotions, such as fear and anger.
The researchers from McLean Hospital in the US used a Web-based platform to collect
happiness data. It showed the participants two headshots (头部特写)of random people. They
were then asked to identify which subject was angrier, happier, or more fearful.
The research found that younger people were able to better identify angry and fearful facial
cues than older people.
studies and anecdotal evidence, we know that the everyday experiences of an
adolescent are different from an older person, but we wanted to understand how these
experiences might be linked with differences in basic emotion understanding,wrote Laura
Germine, the study's senior author.
But what is it that makes young people more sensitive?
such as bullying,Lauren Rutter, the study's lead author, told Science Daily. normal
development of anger sensitivity can contribute to some of the challenges that arise during this
phase of development.
On the contrary across the whole 10,000-person survey, researchers found no decline in the
perception (感知)of happiness among older participants.
but here we did not see such declines in the perception of happiness, Germine told Neuro
Science News.
She added that these findings fit well with other researches, showing that older adults tend to
have more positive emotions and a positive outlook.
Following the paper's release, Rutter told Neuro Science News that gathering their primary
research online allowed the team to research into a
than previous studies.
Title: Why the youth sense anger in faces
The idea ________ whether age affects people's ability to identify
Purpose of the research
facial emotions.
The researchers ________ happiness data on a web-based platform.
Process of the research
Two ________ head shots were shown to the participants.
Participants were asked to identify the more ________ subject.
Younger people are ________ at identifying negative social cues.
________of
research
the Adolescence is the exact age when anger sensitivity reaches its
________.
Perception of happiness isn't on the ________ with age.
What the research proves ________ with other researches.
Self-assessment of the
In comparison with previous studies, the sample set of the research is
research
superior in its size and ________.
【答案】 investigated；colle cted/gathered；random；emotional/sentimental；
Fin dings/Results/Conclusion；better；peak/summit/highes t；decline；agrees/corresponds；
diversity
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，科学家们在网络上展开调查，收集1000个人识别面部
表 情的信息，结果显示的确年轻人比老人更容易识别出生气、害怕这样的表情，但是识别
幸福的表情时相差 不大。这与其它一些科学家的发现一致。老人更容易有积极情绪和乐观
看法。
（1）考查信息转述能力。根据第二段中的
10,000 men and women. They wanted to see if age affected a person's ability to identify facial
emotions, such as fear and anger.可知，最近科学家们通过测试1000名男人和女人研究了这
个想法。他们想看看是否年龄 会影响一个人辨别害怕、生气等这样的面部表情的能力。
是一个及物动词，可以直接作宾语。空格后的w hether age affects people's
ability to identify facial emotions与this idea是等位关系，所以填investigated。
（2）考查信息转述能力。根据第三段中的researchers from McLean Hospital in the US
used a Web-based platform to collect happiness data.可知，美国McLean医院的科学家们用
一 个网络平台来收集关于幸福的数据。（收集）还可以表达为gather。且第二个空
格在句中作谓语， 本段话使用的是一般过去时，故填collected/gathered。
（3）考查信息转述能力。根据第三段中的头部特
写)of random people.可知，平台 会展示给参与者两个随机人员的头部特写。也就是说随机
的两个头部特征被展示给参与者。故填rand om。
（4）考查信息转述能力。根据第三段中的were then asked to identify which subject
was angrier, happier, or more fearful.可知，参与者被要求识别哪一个人更生气、更开心或者
更害怕。也就 是说参与者要识别哪个表情更情绪化。故填emotional/sentimental。
（5）考查信息转述能力。根据第四段中的research found that…可知，下边讲述的将是调查结果或发现。空格后是介词，前边没有限定词，结果/发现是可数的，所以空格处
填可数名词 的复数形式。故填Findings/Results/Conclusion。
（6）考查信息转述能力根据第四段中的people were able to better identify angry
and fearful facial cues than older people.可知，年轻人能比老人更好的辨别生气和害怕的面
部表情。故填better。
（7）考查信息转述能力。格局第七段中的
sensitive to forms of negative social cues可知，青少年这个年纪是年轻人对消极的社会暗示
最敏感的 年纪，也就是青春期时这些消极情绪的敏感度会达到高峰。与sensitive呼
应。故填peak/ summit/highest。
（8）考查信息转述能力。根据第八段中的found no decline in the perception
(感知)of happiness among older participants.可知，在老人参与者中研究人员没有发现对幸
福 感知能力的下降，也就是说幸福感知能力没有随着年龄下降。故填decline。
（9） 考查信息转述能力。根据第十段中的
researches可知，这些发现与其它研究人员的发现一致。 主语What the research proves为
第三人称单数形式，故可填agrees/corresponds。
（10）考查信息转述能力。根据第十一段中的“gathering their primary research online
allowed the team to research into a ‘much larger and more diverse sample set’ than previous
studies.”可知，与以前的研究相比，主要通过网络收集信息能 让这个团队对更大更多样性
的样本组进行试验。也就是说这次样本的大小和多样性都比之前的研究有优势 。故填
diversity。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息转述能力的考查，是一篇 科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给
材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。
4．Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
In business, there is a speed difference: It's the difference between how important firm leaders
say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The
difference is important regardless of industry and company size. ________
In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge
ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to
make sure they were on the right track. What's more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up
“improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating
incomes over a three-year period.
________ They thought differently about what
fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed
(reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for
example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced
value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.
In our study, higher- performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when
necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. ________ And they allowed time to
look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid
too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit
among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.
Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. ________ That kind of strategy must come from
the top.
A. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet
performing better?
B. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more
successful in meeting their business goals.
C. More haste, less speed, which in the study proves wrong.
D. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking
for ways to pick up the speed.
E. They valued efficiency rather than consideration.
F. They encouraged new ways of thinking.
【答案】 D；A；F；B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，围绕速度展 开，否定了一味强调速度的盲目性，区
分了operational speed”操作速度“与strategic speed”战略速度“，强调了适当时间采取战略
速度的重要性。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”The difference is important regardless
of industry and company s ize.“可知，无论行业和公司规模如何，那些担心失去竞争优势的公
司会花费大量的时间和金钱来寻 找加快速度的方法。ies fearful of losing their
competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.符合
此处语境。故选D。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”What's more, the firms that‘slowed
down to speed up ’improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52%
higher operating incomes over a three- year period.“可知，那些“放慢速度以加快速度”的公司
改善了他们的最高和最低收入， 在三年内平均销售额提高了40%，营业收入提高了52%。
did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet
performing better?”他们是如何违 反商业物理定律的，他们比竞争对手花费了更多的时间，
却表现得更好的呢？“符合语境。故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”They became more open to ideas and
discussion.及下文And they allowed time to look back and learn.“可知，他们对思想和讨论变
得更加开放，允许时间回顾和学习。 encouraged new ways of thinking”他们鼓励新的
思维方式“符合语境。故选F。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”Strategic speed serves as a kind of
leadership.“；以及及空后”That kind of strategy must come from the top.“可知，战略速度是一
种领导力，而这种战略必须来自最高层。 that regularly take time to get things right,
rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.”那些经
常花时间把事情做好，而不是埋头苦干的人，更能成功地实现他们的商业目标“符合语境。
故选B。< br>
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
< br>5．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。每个 空格只填一个单词。
A psychotherapist once taught me a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my partner and
less sad about the failings of our relationship.
She said,
somewhat from the adult, and you are likely to understand and forgive him.
It actually helped. I couldn't be as mad at or disappointed by a child as I could be with a grown
man. So, at least on some occasions, we were both spared the heartache of an uncomfortable
silence or a not-so-silent argument. And I sometimes still use versions of that trick whenever I
feel frustrated or angry in other relationships or personal exchanges.
But what if you could mentally change the form of the emotion itself? According to scientists at
the University of Texas, maybe you can.
Focusing specifically on sadness, the researchers asked two groups of study participants to
write about a time in their lives when they felt very sad. They then asked one group to imagine
sadness as a person, and write down a description of the person they imagined would be sadness.
Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in such ways as an older person with gray hair
and sunken eyes or a young girl holding her head down as she slowly walked along.
The researchers asked the other group of participants to write down a description of sadness
with respect to its impact on their moods. When asked to rate their levels of sadness after
completing their descriptions, the participants who wrote about the emotion itself and how it
affects them reported higher levels of sadness than the group that anthropomorphized (人格
化)sadness into a specific type of person with familiar human characteristics. The researchers
suggest that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or
someone) separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helping them relieve their negative
feelings.
While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in unconscious and sometimes self-destructive
ways to distract or
study authors wanted to know whether or not the group that reported feeling less sad would
make smarter shopping decisions.
They tested this by asking participants in both groups to first choose between a salad or a
cheesecake dessert to go with the main dish they were having for lunch. The researchers also
asked participants to choose between a computer loaded with features for productivity or a
computer loaded with features for entertainment. Those study participants who had
anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive
computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.
For obvious reasons, then, they say this technique is best for reduce negative emotions.
A Little Trick to Help You Feel ________Sad
Passage outlines
The writer's experience
Supporting details
When he was angry with his partner, the writer was able to
improve his mood by ________ his partner as a little boy, which
is sometimes ________to both sides.
This trick can mentally change It is no ________that the study participants tend to
the form of people's emotion
picture sadness as an older person or an unhappy girl.
The participants who describe their emotion as a person
have a ________level of sadness than those who merely
describe their emotion itself.
This trick can When lost in negative emotions, people may lose
Participants who give ________to the emotion prefer salad
while those who don't choose food ________in sugar and
caloric.
________
This little trick can help people reduce negative feelings.
【答案】 71. Less；imagining；beneficial/helpful；sur prise；lower；
affect/influence/impact；control；li fe；rich/high/abundant；Conclusion
【解析】【分 析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了缓解悲伤情绪的方法——将悲伤的情绪具体
化，但要将悲伤的情绪与相应 的人分割开。同时文章中还介绍了一些实验，要求实验对象
将自己悲伤的情绪想象成一个人，并赋予这个 “人”以生命，从而达到减轻悲伤情绪的目
的。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my
partner and less sad about the failings of our relationship.”心理治疗师告诉了作者 一个帮助自
己对父母不那么生气以及对关系不那么难过的方法。文章第一段为主旨段，提取关键词
less。在做文章标题时应注意大写。故填Less。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Look at him and imagine him as a very little boy;”可知
应填imagine，但by为介词，后接动名词，故填imagining。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“we were both spared the heartache of an
uncomfortable silence or a not-so-silent argument.” 可知。我们都可以免于一个不舒服沉默带
来的心痛或不那么沉默带来的争论。be spared of 固定短语，“幸免于”，即对双方都有好处
或益处。故填beneficial/helpful。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in
such ways ”可知，毫无意外的是，参与者用那样的方式描述了悲伤。Not surprisingly=It is no
surprise that。故填surprise。
（5）考查推理判断“根据第六段中的”the participants who wrote about the emotion
itself ...reported higher level of sadness than ...“情绪本身的参与者有着更高层次的悲伤，因此
与之相对应的，将悲 伤描述成一个人的，悲伤的层次较低。故填lower。
（6）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”Those study participants who had
anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive
computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.“接受了心理治疗的参与者更
有可能选择沙拉作为作为主 菜，且会选择装有工具性软件的电脑，说明心理治疗会对参与
者造成影响，故填affect/infl uence/impact。
（7）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的”While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in
unconscious and...“可知。当沉浸在悲伤里时，很多人就会表现的无意识，即失去 了对自己
的控制。故填control。
（8）考查推理判断。根据anthropomorphized一词，及第六段中的”The researchers suggest
________people's consumption ________of themselves and behave in self-destructive ways.
decisions
that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or someone)
separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helping them relieve their negative fe elings.“通
过将情绪赋予生命，参与者可以将悲伤从别的事情中分离开来，帮助他们减少负面情 绪。
故填life。
（9）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”choose between a salad or a cheesecake dessert
“可知，这些都是高甜、高热量的食物，故填rich/high/abundant。
（10）考查概括归纳。根据最后一段中的”For obvious reasons, then, they say this technique
is best for reduce negative emotions.“这样的方式是减低负面情绪最好的方法。最后一段是对
整篇文章的归纳总结，故填Conclusion。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理 解，推理判断和概括归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅
读，考生需要准确理解细节信息，并根据上下 文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出
正确答案。
6．任务型阅读
Help Migrant Workers
There is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a
migrant worker it perhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with
money from a year's toil in his pocket is the best thing he can think of. ________ They had to
press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up.
About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms
and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible to
imagine life in these places without them. However, they still form a disadvantaged group. Their
rights are violated in different forms. Among other things, unpaid salaries are the most painful of
such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions. ________
________They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back payments to
them. Yet, as the financial crisis bites deep, some small enterprises that are struck the most try to
reduce their economic losses by laying off migrant workers or refusing to pay them. So it is
particularly important for governments at all levels to do an even better job in helping villager-
turned-workers recover their unpaid salaries before the Spring Festival.
It is good news that quite a number of local governments have organized special taskforces to
conduct inspections in those labor-intensive enterprises to make sure they have paid their
migrant workers in a timely and fair manner. Construction commissions in almost all provinces
have published hotlines for farmer-turned- construction workers to lodge complaints against their
employers for withholding their salaries. ________ But we need to look for solutions that will
work at all times. We need to put in place a mechanism that will effectively prevent employers
from holding back salaries to workers.
A. Some have reportedly climbed up chimneys to jump to their death unless they get their
defaulted salaries.
B. It is something every Chinese look forward to as the traditional gala draws near.
C. Unfortunately, weeks preceding the Spring Festival have turned out to be hard times for
migrant workers.
D. Hopefully, these efforts will send more workers on a happy journey home for the Spring
Festival with their salaries in their pockets.
E. However difficult the situations they are in, it is too cruel and unfair for employers to hold back
salaries they should pay their migrant workers.
F. Objectively speaking, governments at various levels have done a great deal in helping these
workers recover their defaulted salaries.
【答案】 C；A；F；D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了帮助 移民工人在春节前拿到薪水政府所采取
的一系列的措施。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They had to press hard for their
defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up. ”可知由于没有拿到薪水，对于回
家过春节的移民工人来说，是很艰难的一段时间。故选C。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“unpaid salaries are the most painful
of such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions.”可知下面要介绍
一些讨薪时工人做出的绝望行为。故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They have taken measures to prevent
employers from holding back payments to them.”可知这里讲的是政府正在采取措施帮助移民
工人们拿到薪水。故选F。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空格前采取的一系列措施得知，这些都
是帮助移民员工 带着薪水回家过春节的努力。故选D。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
7．请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
A fresh-faced batch of teenagers just began a new school year, but will they get the most out of
it? In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early. And at night, screens are a
temptation that's hard to resist. This double whammy (双重灾难) is a perfect lesson in sleep
deprivation (剥夺).
Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that
the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group. In most cases, insufficient
sleep results in reduced attention, preventing students' progress and lowering grades. More
alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and emotional problems.
It is important to understand why teenagers have a particularly hard time getting enough sleep,
and what adults need to do to help. First, a reminder of the basic biology: Adolescents are no
longer the morning larks of their younger years. They become rewired as night owls, staying
awake later and then sleeping in. This is mostly driven by changes in the way the brain responds
to light.
New technology habits aren't helping. More teenagers now turn to activities involving screens
at night. The growth in screen time is particularly problematic for sleep. The blue light emitted by
LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the body's secretion (分泌) of melatonin, the
hormone that signals it's time to sleep. Overdosing on screens at night effectively tells the brain
it's still daytime, delaying the body's cues to sleep even further.
Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens, and praise children
who show signs of regulating their own media consumption. In the hour before bedtime, there
should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in
kitchens and bathrooms.
In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start
no earlier than 8: 30 a. m., a policy now backed by the American Medical Association and many
other health organizations.
Parents also need to join forces with community leaders, sleep scientists, health professionals
and educators to put school start times on the local, then state agendas.
Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep,
attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents.
Title
Introduction
Consequences
of insufficient sleep
Let Teenagers Sleep In
The ________ of students fail to have enough sleep.
★Lacking sleep, students fail to ________ on their study, progress
prevented and grades lowered.
★Deprived of sleep, students are ________ to suffer from physical
and emotional problems.
★Biologically, adolescents tend to sleep late and get up ________,
Reasons for lacking sleep
which can't meet the actual needs.
★Long ________ to the blue light from screens prevents the body's
secretion of the hormone sending sleeping signals.
★Parents should set real ________ on screen time, and praise
children who can regulate their own media consumption.
________ to the problem
★Before bedtime, parents should create a healthy environment
________ from bright or too strong lights.
★Joint efforts should be made to ________ the school start time
until, say, 8: 30 a. m.
Conclusion
Changes on school start time will ________ both students and society
although there is a long way to go.
【答案】 majority；focus /concentrate；likely；late；exposure；Solutions /Approaches；
limits /restrictions；free；delay /postpone；benefit /profit
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇 议论文，介绍了大多数学生都存在睡眠不足的现象，并分析
了睡眠不足所产生的后果、原因、以及解决措 施。
（1）考查信息提取能力。根据第一段中的
much too early以及第二段
minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age
group可知，在早晨，许多人被迫提前上学。九年级至十二年级的学生中，有四分之三的< br>人睡眠不足的时间达不到美国医学研究院建议的八小时的睡眠时间。所以通过,Three
out of every four students可知，大多数学生睡眠不足。故填majority。
（2）考查信息提 取能力。根据第二段中的
attention可知，在大多数情况下，睡眠不足会导致注意力下降。所以 通过
attention可知，由于缺乏睡眠，学生们不能集中精力学习。故填focus /concentrate。
（3）考查信息提取能力。根据第二段中的alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to
physical and emotional problems.可知 ，更令人担忧的是，睡眠不足可能导致身体和情感问
题。所以通过可知，学生缺乏睡眠，学生很可能遭受 身体和情感问题。故填likely。
（4）考查信息提取能力。根据第三段中的
later and then sleeping in. 可知，他们变得像夜猫子一样，熬夜，然后睡懒觉。所以通过
可知，青少年起的很晚。故填late。< br>
（5）考查信息提取能力。根据第四段blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs, tablets and
smartphones suppresses the body's secretion (分泌) of melatonin, the hormone that signals it's
time to sleep.可知，LED 、电视、平板电脑和智能手机发出的蓝光会抑制人体的褪黑激素分
泌，这种激素是一种向睡眠时间发出信 号的激素。所以通过可知，长时间暴露在
屏幕上的蓝光中，可以防止人体分泌激素发出睡眠信号。故填e xposure。
（6）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第四段和第三段以及第二段的内容可 知，这三段主要
在讨论对孩子睡眠不足的具体解决措施。故填Solutions /Approaches。
（7）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第四段
can be spent on screens,可知，家长应该告知孩子们可以在屏幕上花费的时间。所以通过可知，家长应该对孩子可以在屏幕上花费的时间设定真正的限制。故填limits
/restrictions。
（8）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第四段the hour before bedtime, there should be a
suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and
bathrooms.可知，在就寝前一小时，应该把家里明亮的灯悬挂起来，避免厨房和浴室 里的
设备和刺眼的LED灯泡。所以通过可知，睡前，父母应该创造一个没有明亮或强
光的健康 环境。故填free。
（9）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第三段中的
recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8: 30 a. m.可知，2016年，美
国儿科学会建议初中和高中的上课时间不要早于上午8: 30。所以通过earlier than可
知，应该共同努力把开学时间推迟到，比如说上午8：30。故填delay /postpone。
（10）考查信息提取能力。根据最后一段
a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a
significant reduction in car accidents.可知，只要学校 把上课时间推迟，学生就会有更多的睡
眠时间，出勤率就会上升，成绩就会提高，车祸也会大大减少。所 以通过get
more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car
accidents关键信息的归纳总结。可知，尽管还有很长的路要走，但是改变上课时间对 学生
和社会都有益处。故填benefit /profit。
【点评】本题涉及 考查信息提取能力题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生准确
掌握所给材料，在理解句义的基础 上，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。
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