乐趣专家解析英语四级考试历年阅读真题(十二.)

2021年1月16日发(作者：元锡)
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Passage 2
“Tear ‘em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee (裁判)!”
These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time
they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They
have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed.
Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that
words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign
to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent”
as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.
The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent “is “adversary “: “enemy
“; “one who opposes your interests.” “Thus, when a player meets an opponent,
he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may
dominate one’s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered
justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s
request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered then wet
enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then
exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the
court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone
in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international
and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could
during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any
sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.
Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提升) the game to the level where it
belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the
term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.
The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend”;
“companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference
in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.”
26. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?
A) Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.
B) The words people use can influence their behavior.
C) Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.
D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.(B)
27. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players ________.
A) are too eager to win
B) are usually short-tempered and easily offended
C) cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition
D) treat their rivals as enemies(D)
28. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to
change his gloves?

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A) He refused to continue the game.
B) He angrily hit the referee with a ball.
C) He claimed that the referee was unfair.
D) He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.(D)
29. According to the passage, players, in a game, may ________.
A) deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way
B) keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game
C) lie down on the ground as an act of protest
D) kick the ball across the court with force(A)
30. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by
________.
A) calling on players to use clean language on the court
B) raising the referee’s sense of responsibility
C) changing the attitude of players on the sports field
D) regulating the relationship between players and referees(C)
开篇是三个耸人听闻的句子：撕 碎他们，宰了那个白痴，杀了裁判。可以说
以震撼效果吸引了读者注意，同时也引出了语言这个论题，而 这些句子本身又是
常现于体育场的，这就提示了本文所讨论语言的范围。
第二段解释了开篇所举三个句子的背后含义，即结合具体情境的话，这
些话虽看似无辜(they may seem innocent enough)，但实际会对行为形成影响以致
使真的流血事件的发生(lead to real bloodshed)。作者随后把这种现象上升到理论
层次：words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign
to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior，意思是具有特定含义的词
语会导致与常规迥异 的行为。而后作者举出了opponent这个例子，并认为是时
候把它从体育词汇里去除的时候了(t he time has come to delete it from sports
terms)，这就提示了后文的论述倾向于对opponent一词的否定。
接下来的 一段首先引用字典对opponent一词的解释，而后对这个单词
为体育运动带来的负面影响做了描述 ：every action, no matter how gross, may be
considered justifiable，每一行为都被认为考(试^大是正当的。这实际上就 是语言
会带来真的流血事件的根本原因所在。文章随后举了一个手球比赛的例子对此加
以说明。
下一段举例说明了上述根本原因会导致失常行为的发生：一个球员故意
把球狠狠地砸向了非 法阻挡他的对手身上，而这个对手在日常生活中还是他的朋
友。
在阐明了语言与行为的这 种关系之后，作者在最后两小段提出了自己的
倡议。前一小段提出以associate替代oppon ent，最后一段展望了associate所能
带来的实际益处。
26. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?
A) Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.
B) The words people use can influence their behavior.
C) Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.
D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.(B)
本题问下列哪一项说法最能表达作者的观点。
A，体育运动中的侵略性行为会产生严重的后果。