特等功雅思托福作文(新通)

2021年1月15日发(作者：松斋)
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写作话题
1.文化类--- 新旧文化价值观
社会类
科技类
教育类
In some cultures the old age is highly valued, while in some cultures youth
is highly valued．Discuss and give your opinion.

2.文化类--- 语言
Several languages are dying out every year. However, some people do not think
it is important and claim that our life will be simpler
with fewer languages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

3.文化类 ---全球一体化
Differences between countries have become less evident. For example,
nowadays the same films, fashions, brands and TV programs are found

4.旅游类---旅游业利弊
Tourism is a multibillion-dollar industry that supports economic
development. However, some people think that it causes too much damage to the local
environment and culture. What do you think?

5.社会类---食物
Food produced in greater amount and much cheaply due to the developed
fertilizers and better machinery yet some others say it is dangerous to human health
and local communities. To What extent do you agree or disagree?

6.伦理类—男女平等话题
Most high level jobs are done by men. Should the government encourage a
certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women?

7.科技类---生活
Some people hold that the development of technology leads has made out life
more complex, and the solution is to live simpler life without that technology.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

8.教育类 ---上大学
Students from rural areas often find it difficult to access university
education. Some people think universities should make it especially easy for them
to study. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

9.教育类
Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out and
controlled by the government rather than private companies. To what extent do you
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agree or disagree? Give reasons for your opinion and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.

10.教育类---老师的未来
Some people think that typical teaching of a teacher and students in the
class will not exist by the year 2050. Do you agree or disagree?

11.职业类
An increasing number of people change their career and place of residence
several times during their lives. Is this a positive or negative development?

12.环境类
Some people believe that these environmental problems are too big for
individuals to deal with, while others think that individuals should take some action.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

13.社会类---体育锻炼
Participating in sports is important to physical health as well as spiritual
health and social development. Do you agree?

14.媒体类--- 新闻可信度
People receive a lot of information from news reports presented by
journalists. However, others claim that we cannot believe the news we are presented
with. What do your opinion? In addition,what qualities do you think journalists
should have?

15.社会类--- 博物馆及艺术馆
Public museums and art galleries are not needed because people can see
historical objects and works by using computers. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

16.犯罪类
Many people are afraid to leave their homes because of their fear of crime.
Some believe that more action should be taken to prevent
crime, but others feel that little can be done. What is your opinion?




在多年教授雅思写作的过程中，发现学生在雅思Task 2 的写作时，存在的一个主要问
题 是主题段在写作的时候缺少逻辑性和对观点进行充分的论证，直接导致在评分时
Coherence and coherence 以及Grammatical ranges and accuracy 方面 得分较低。究其
主要原因，是由于论证方法的单一性，缺少多样性所引起的；同时这也引起了在构思主题 段
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时论点的提出。所以在实 际教学中，我会重点给学生讲授如何运用多种的论证方式来构思和
展开，实际教学効果显著，学生的写作 成绩提高也较快。
基本论证方法
1.列举法：列举观点、理由等
常用联接词：in the first place, to begin with, firstly, apart from, on the
one hand, in addition to, next, after that, moreover, furthermore, also, in addition,
then, for one thing, for another, on the other hand, finally, last but not least….
Homework has many merits. Apart from helping students do better on tests,
homework help students review and practice what had been taught in class. Homework
helps retention and understanding; Furthermore, it helps students exercise their
time management and organisational skills.
2.举例法：
常用联接词：for example, for instance, such as, namely, take something for
example….
Television has negative effects on people. For instance, television commercials
distort the truth about products. Crime films encourage violence and television
documentaries stop people from thinking independently.
The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic
discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example,
sport , art or music.
3.因果法：一是先果后因；二是先因后果
常用联接词： because, as, since + sentence; due to, owing to, result from
+ n./noun phrase (to give a reason);
therefore, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, because of this,
hence, thus, thereby, for this reason + sentence; lead to, result in + n. (to give
a result)
Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports stars have probably succeeded
because of both good training and natural talent.
4.比较法：通过对两个以上的事或人进行对比。
常用联接词：To add a similar idea: likewise, similarly, at the same time,
still, also;
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To add an opposite idea: in contrast, instead, on the contrary, unlike,
while, whilst, however, although, even though….
Eg. Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow
them to excel, while more hard-working students never manage to reach a comparable
level.
其他论证方法
-下定义；
雅思考题之一：
A research reveals that one of the causes for youth crime is called “Peer
Group Pressure”. What is it? What are the influences on children as well as the
society?
Peer group pressure refers to the influence exerted by a peer group in
encouraging a person to change his or her attitudes, values, or behaviour in order
to conform to group norms.
-解释说明
When watching TV commercials, you can zero in on your potential choice by
comparing the essential aspects of the advertised cars, including the price, the
properties of the engine, the color, as well as the appearance.
-引用
Individual greed and selfishness are not something new. “The love of money
is the root of all kinds of evil.”
-假设
Advertisements do have positive aspects. Suppose you have made your
decision to buy a car, but you feel lost at what brand is your choice. Fortunately,
advertisements come for your rescue.
For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built
and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be
dramatically reduced.
让步
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While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of
the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the
number of drivers for long.

词汇这一英语学习和考试必备武器是很多人一直在苦苦修炼的。对于雅思考试，在短短
的几个月的时间 里如何才能高效积累相关词汇，以便在考场上进入如鱼得水的境界？
传统的词汇积累方式有背诵相 关词汇书籍，学习大量写作模板，还有总结或是直接
从书上获得常考主题词汇。这些方法主要有两种弊病 。要么所需准备的词汇量太大，在短短
两三个月内要掌握几千个甚至上万的新词汇，估计只有极个别的具 有超强记忆力和极大意志
力的人才能实现这个目标。事实上大部分考生都不可能完成，即使在短期内真的 记了很多词
汇的人也大都是看着有印象，真到写作仍然觉得词穷。
第二种情况是只背模板 ，并熟练掌握有限模板的灵活应用。这种方法的问题在于考
生在当前最畅销的写作书上所积累的模板往往 在考场上也会被很多考生广泛使用。那么即使
模板本身整理的语言相当精炼，由于有太多的人使用，也往 往沦落为常见词条。这就与词汇
6分要求“less common vocabulary”产生了背离。所以当前盛行的这两种积累词汇的方法
都效果不佳。
那么究竟该如何高效积累写作词汇呢？这得从官方公布的写作评分描述入手。写作
评分有专门的词汇项目 。就词汇量而言，官方并未明确划定数量上的差别。只是以描述的方
式提及：能基本沟通的词汇量为5分 ；能适当使用不太常见的词汇，偶有错误为6分；能够
使用不太常见的词条并注意用词的灵活性和精确性 ，呈现了自身的语言风格方可得7分。而
就错误而言，三个分数段都允许出错，虽然理论上应为从高分到 低分依次递增，但也并未以
量的方式来划分。但在错误级别上有明确描述性的界限：错误造成沟通困难的 5分；虽有错
但基本能使读者理解为6分；出现选词上的失误为7分。所有这些评分描述都提示我们应另
辟蹊径来高效积累词汇。
此外，在逻辑项的评分描述中，也涉及了词汇方面。具体表现为“衔接手段”
(cohesive De vice)的多样性。也就是熟练掌握连词，连接短语，代词，副词和替代等多种
词的衔接。而这类词可 以使论证混为一体。可以这么说，真正优秀的文章不是辞藻的堆砌，
而是通过各种词条的有效衔接，使文 章呈现浑然一体的感觉。简单的说：不是炫耀词汇而是
有效利用词汇。而这一点，目前绝大部分的范文书 都没有做到。事实上，当我们发现一篇文
章看似词汇非常华丽而读完之后仍未找出所阐述的道理，这样的 文章词汇是难以进入7分以
上的高分段词汇的。所以考生平时在学习时，绝对不是单个的词汇和短语的识 别或练习，而
应以段落为单位，注重整体句群的关联性。

具体词汇积累策略分两个阶段：
1 任何考生都可以阅读数篇或数十篇议论文和图表作文范文，真 正把握各篇范文的
衔接手段包括连词，副词，代词，短语和各种上意词和下意词的替代及同意转换。如果 能在
资深培训官的指导下，阅读相关的高质量的范文，则词汇积累的速度会更快。可以说，衔接
手段是大小作文词汇积累的第一关也是最重要的一关。事实上，如果考生能有效识别并熟练
运用各种衔接 手段的话，那么不仅在写作部分，在听、读、说各项都会有质的突破。如果考
生的自学能力足够强的话， 可以反复研究《剑桥雅思考试全真试题解析》系列丛书（俗称剑
桥）中的阅读篇章，其中每篇都充分体现 了词汇在衔接手段中的魅力。
2 在近期有考试计划的考生，一定要在研究范文的基础上进行相关 写作实践，如若
有人批改效果会更佳。任何知识，只有通过试用、犯错、更正地反复运用，才会被强化。 所
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以，写作词汇积累的唯一途径是多写，多改。有条件的话，让有经验的培训官改写效果会更
好。



好文章和好文采很大一点区别在于，好文章读后能让人有所收获，而好 的文采则是词
汇的堆砌。所以一篇好的文章应该有好的内容，好的内容必须是强有力的观点和论点来支撑 。
下面为大家搜集了一些论点的集合，作为考试时的备用。
1、同意上大学好
为未来工作进行准备
交的朋友，学习他们的思维方式
系统的学习知识
2、同意父母是最好的老师
(1)父母从小就和我们在一起，给我们很多的知识
(2)父母和我们最为亲密，在任何时候，都会毫无保留地给我们知识
(3)父母最了解我们，所以他们给我们的建议和意见都是最有针对性的
3、食品类
(1)食品容易准备，节省了大量的时间，使人们可以做其他事情
(2)食品容易准备，为人们提供了的花样。
(4)食品容易准备，为人们的健康带来了很多好处
4、首先进行比较，然后说书是最重要的
(1)读书能够节省很多时间
(2)书是有系统性的，能够让人以很科学的方式迅速获得知识
(3)读书相对比较便宜和容易，而在寻找经验则比较昂贵和困难
5、先说明优势和劣势，然后说同意建一个工厂
(1)工厂能够吸收附近很多人进行就业，对地方的经济有很大的贡献
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(2)建立工厂能够促使附近其他的商业发展，例如小商店， 药店等等，这可以大大方便
附近的居民
(3)建造工厂，赢利后，就可以向当地政府贡献税收，政府可以利用这些钱改善社区的
服务

托福写作有个模板备用很重要。尤其在开头段，结尾段以及中间各段的衔接，找到了
漂亮的句式就从此永远用这个不要再改了，这就是自己独家的写作模板。每段的第一句尤其
要精彩一点 ，试着尝试倒装句，或用被动语态，总之别写干巴巴的简单句、主动句，这样给
考官的感觉就是你接下来 的论述也没有可期待之处。
例子不在于多而在于精，举出来之后要充分挖掘它的内涵，别停留在就事论 事上，可
以试着延伸到和生活、和自己紧密相联的点上，这才是体现写作水平的地方。不过如果论述是弱项的话，那还是多举一些具体例子然后把每一个都说几句，那样可以扬长避短，在字数
上也不会 吃亏，拿到一个比较好的分数还是很有希望的。
平时托福写作备考中练习的时候，可以用尽量多的句式 ，多尝试，找到适合自己的，
既能记住，又能灵活运用，限时模考的时候就开始逐渐找到自己的句式表达 和段落结构，形
成自己固定的模板套路，也就是个人的托福写作风格。
这里为大家推荐一篇美国人地道的托福独立写作作为参考。
【佳作赏析】
Topic 3 Has the easiness of cooking improved life？
People work hard to fulfill their principal necessities， and food is the one
thing that is really important to their survival. Although sometimes belied by other
things that seem important， food is the core objective that drives all people to
work. But the outcome of the efforts of these people is not a direct supply of food；
rather it is in the form of money. Thus these people use the money they obtain to
prepare their food.
In old days， preparing food was cumbersome and timeconsuming work for those
who do it solely for eating purposes. This kind of preparing food in due tie could
not comply with the kind of life people lead today. The use of technological
advancement makes preparing food practical even for the clumsiest person. This helps
a great deal for those who work against time to make their living. It also avoids
the waste of considerable amount of money from hiring a cook.
The development in the preparation of food is highly effective for those people
who have no know how of it. A person who does not know how to prepare his/her own
food would go to a restaurant or some other place where food is served everyday.
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But with the advanced food preservation technology， now he is free， completely
independent of restaurants and other places. He can prepare his own food and enjoy
the feeling of ， sweet home
For people at work， life has just become easy for them. They will not have
to worry all day long about what they are going to prepare for their supper. They
can fully concentrate on their jobs， and work with a mind full of peace. In general
this new way of preparing food has helped those who are concerned about their daily
meals -- almost everyone. Not only that， it would enlighten those who are frustrated
with their jobs just because of the worry of that tiresome work -- preparing food.

仔细研究老外的文章大家会发现，老外很喜欢做细节描述，这和中国人的行文方式是
很大差别的。汉语本身讲究的即是言简意赅，所以能否用一句话写完的如果用5句话来展开
描述，通常 会被认为过于啰嗦。因此，很多同学把这一写作思维带到了托福作文的写作里头，
殊不知细化的句子对外 国考官来说才更有吸引力。这里举一些例子。
比如说：2012年02月11日独立作文题目(更正版本)：Do you agree or disagree the
following statement : Leadership comes naturally: one cannot learn to be a leader。
与2012年02月05日中国大陆独立作文题目：Some people have ambitious dreams and keep
following them, but other people always focus on realistic goals and try to achieve
them. Which do you think is better? 第一个题目，大家都觉得很空，“领导力”到
底该怎么找理由，完全没有头绪。第二 个题目，也是一样的，“具有挑战性的梦想”与“现
实的目标”感觉远不如老托福里面的“是否建立工厂 ”好想理由。
但是如果我们对于领导力进行举例，我们自然而然的就会想到乔布斯，绝对是一个超伟大的大企业家，乔布斯有什么过人的能力呢。1 创新能力，否则不会有iphone与ipad; 2
审美能力，否则Mac的字体不会那么漂亮，iphone也不会那么完美 3 坚韧不拔的能力，< br>否则也不会建立皮克斯东山再起。再来想创新能力，我们可以通过旅游来获得，什么可以通
过学习 来获得，坚韧可以通过体育来获得。到这，不也就找到了写作的方向了么。
细化的方法很多，对比是其中一种，，这里介绍一些用来表示对比意思的词组及例句。
rather than
因此，人们并非积极进取，而是开始松懈，因为他们失去了工作的动力。老师也不例
外。
Thus, rather than making progress, people start to wind down since they’ve
lost their motivation for working; so would the teachers.
instead of
应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。
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Instead of indulging in playing computer games, children should be taught how
to benefit from useful information on the internet.
compared with
与书本相比，互联网具有许多明显的好处比如说高速，高效，易于操作等等。
Compared with books, the Internet enjoys many obvious advantages such as high
speed, great efficiency, easy accessibility, to name just a few.
Not for……but for……
学生们从事兼职工作不是为了赚钱，而是为了更好地了解社会。
College students take up part-time jobs not for making more money, but for a
better understanding of the society.

很多学生抱怨因为没有在外国的环境中学习英语，所以写不出很 地道的英语作文，比
如托福写作时出现Chinse-Englinsh就错不在自己。这种想法明显是 错误的。越是这样的状
态，就越应该拿优秀的外国文章来做对比和研究，找出那些好的文章中地道的“点 ”，在哪
里，并进行运用。名词化和谚语的运用就是这样两个点。
曾经一个针对中国几所顶尖大学的优秀作文的调查显示，20 篇优秀作文中名词化的使
用频率为7%-8；而同时选用的20 篇英语国家学生的英语作文，其名词化 的使用频率为
10%-15%。可见名词化在英语行文中的经常性，而这点也恰好是很多中国学生忽略的 一个点。
名词化的行文不仅能让文章更学术化，更能彰显地道的意味。那么哪些情况下需要进行“名词化”呢？
A 谓语动词的宾语部分
原句：I do not know either what she meant or what he intends.
名词化：I do not know either her meaning or his intentions.
B 结合被动形式
原句：If people decide without enough persuasive information，...
名词化：If a decision is made without enough persuasive information，...
C 取代诸如从句中“the fact that”的用法
原句：The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.
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名词化：My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.
更好的名词化：a. When I denied his accusations， I impressed the jury.
b. In denying his accusations， I impressed the jury.
D 名词化部分用在there is/are的后面
原句：We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.
名词化：There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.
原句：The floods considerably eroded the land.
名词化：There was considerable erosion of the land from the floods.
另一个能让文章彰显地道气息的方法就是谚语的使用。短小而精悍的谚语通常都是用< br>简单通俗的话来反映深刻的道理，闪耀着人民大众的智慧。
Happiness takes no account of time，
欢乐不觉时光过。
Virtue is her own reward。
为善最乐。
Small gains bring great wealth。
小益聚大财，薄利成巨富。
Suspicion is the poison of true friendship。
猜疑伤害莫逆之交。
Speed is the soldier‘s asset。
兵贵神速。
Sweet discourse makes short days and nights。
言语投机恨时短。
Soft words butter no parsnips。
画饼充饥。
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Set a thief to catch a thief。
以毒攻毒。
Well fed, wed bred。
衣食足，知荣辱。
Laugh at your ills, and save doctors‘ bills。
生病不忧虑，节省医药费。
Sloth is the key of poverty。
惰能致贫。
Among the blind the one eyed man is the king。
山中无老虎，猴子称大王。
To err is human。
犯错是人之常情。/ 人谁无过。
You can‘t judge a book by its cover。
不能以外表来判断本质。/ 不要以貌取人。
Gut no fish till you get them。
勿操之过急 。
当然，名词化和谚语也 不是用的越多越好，运用这两点的时候一个语法不能出错，另
一个就是不要“画蛇添足”，过度运用。




一个漂亮的开头能为托福写作考试增加不少的分数，所以在 平时进行托福写作练习的时
候，对于开头的训练不能少，那么究竟怎么样，才能把托福写作开头写好呢?
1. 采用统计数字引出话题，把问题呈现在读者面前;
2. 提出有争议性的问题，激发读者兴趣，使其积极参与讨论;
3. 以新颖的观点，吸引读者注意力;
4. 呈现该话题正反方的观点;
5. 引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头;
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6. 对将要讨论的话题进行定义。
其次，要善于运用复合句，从而使引 言段简洁明了，开宗明义。下面我们将探讨雅
思与新托福各种题材和体裁文章引言段的写作方法。 引用数据呈现讨论的话题，说明问题
的严重性或者重要性，引起读者的关注。
我们在写关于体罚的话题文章时，可以这样开头：It is reported that a boy in
Zhuhai was beaten to death by his father on Father
that children who are frequently abused by their parents or teachers tend to be
introverted, pessimistic, indifferent and even world-weary. Recently, there has
arisen a fierce argument on whether corporal punishment should be abolished.
Teachers, parents and experts take diverse attitudes towards this issue. (据报道，
在父亲节那天，珠海有个小男孩被老爸揍死了。充分的证据也显示，经常遭父母或老师虐待< br>的小孩往往比较内向、悲观、冷漠甚至厌世。近来，关于是否应该废除体罚出现了一场激烈
的争论 ，老师、家长和专家各执一词。)
而我们在写关于该不该禁烟的话题时，可以这样开头：A recent study conducted
by Zhongshan University has found that the number of smokers has been increasing
sharply over the past five years. Research findings also reveal that the incidence
of smoking-related conditions has soared. As a result, the ban on smoking has been
in the spotlight. (中山大学最近做的一个研究表明，在过去五年里，吸烟者人数急剧上
升。研究 结果同时显示，吸烟导致的疾病发病率也急剧增长。因此，禁烟成了个热点话题。)



托福写作中，段落安排是否合理，段落过渡是否流畅自然是判断一篇文章好坏的重要
关键点。段落安排不合理的文章其内在的逻辑顺序必然是不清晰的，而段落过渡不自然的文
章亦如生锈的 拉链，读起来不顺畅。处理好这两方面，会让你的分数有质的提高。
1.会分段。要清楚自己的行文思 路，知道自己有几个论点。首段表明论点，废话不要
讲。论证一段一个论点，不可以交叉。一个论段里要 有论点句，其它所有句子都为论证这个
点，废话不要讲。尾段总结论点共性，映证首段观点，废话也不要 多。
2.会过渡。要记住必须过渡。要明白你为什么过渡-----如果这个过渡不证明论点和论题间的关系，而证明论点间的关系，要确定这个新论点也能证明论题。你的过渡不是为自己
的文章过 渡，而是帮读者的思维过渡，引领他们走进新的思维，所以必须确认过渡的方向，
你是否正带着你的读者 而离开你的论题。
所以，你还需要一些好的过渡句式替换那些你都已经用烂掉的平凡语句，让你的文章
提升质感。
【承上启下】
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A study of ... will make this point clear
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