防水布【威学教育王鑫整理出品】托福TPO7-1阅读文本

2021年1月15日发(作者：方仕)

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【王鑫托福阅读】托福TPO7-1阅读文本


TPO7
TPO7-1 The Geologic History of the Mediterranean
Another task for the Glomar Challenger's scientists was to try to determine
the origin of the domelike masses buried deep beneath the Mediterranean
seafloor. These structures had been detected years earlier by echo-sounding
instruments, but they had never been penetrated in the course of
they salt domes such as are common along the United States Gulf Coast, and
if so, why should there have been so much solid crystalline salt beneath the
floor of the Mediterranean?
1. The word “objective” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. achievement
B. requirement
C. purpose
D. feature
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a change that
occurred in the fauna of the Mediterranean?
A. Most invertebrate species disappeared during a wave of extinctions.
B. A few hardy species wiped out many of the Mediterranean’ s invertebrates.
C. Some invertebrates migrated to Atlantic Ocean.
D. New species of fauna populated the Mediterranean when the old migrants
returned.


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In 1970 geologists Kenneth J. Hsu and William B.F. Ryan were collecting
research data while aboard the oceanographic research vessel Glomar Challenger.
An objective of this particular cruise was to investigate the floor of the
Mediterranean and to resolve questions about its geologic history. One
question was related to evidence that the invertebrate fauna (animals without
spines) of the Mediterranean had changed abruptly about 6 million years ago.
Most of the older organisms were nearly wiped out, although a few hardy species
survived. A few managed to migrate into the Atlantic. Somewhat later, the
migrants returned, bringing new species with them. Why did the near extinction
and migrations occur?
3. What does the author imply by saying “Not a single pebble was found
that might have indicated that the pebbles came from the nearby continent” ?
A. The most obvious explanation for the origin of the pebbles was not supported
by the evidence.
B. The geologists did not find as many pebbles as they expected.
C. The geologists were looking for a particular kind of pebble.
D. The different pebbles could not have come from only one source.
4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the solid
gypsum layer?
A. It did not contain any marine fossil.
B. It had formed in open- ocean conditions.
C. It had once been soft, deep-sea mud.
D. It contained sediment from nearby deserts.
ve credit you
the TWO answer choice from paragraph 3 that identify materials
discovered in the deepest part of the Mediterranean basin. To receive credit
must select TWO answers.


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A. Volcanic rock fragments.
B. Thin silt layers
C. Soft, deep-sea mud
D. Crystalline salt
With question such as these clearly before them, the scientists aboard
the Glomar Challenger processed to the Mediterranean to search for the answers.
On August 23, 1970, they recovered a sample. The sample consisted of pebbles
of hardened sediment that had once been soft, deep-sea mud, as well as granules
of gypsum and fragments of volcanic rock. Not a single pebble was found that
might have indicated that the pebbles came from the nearby continent. In the
days following, samples of solid gypsum were repeatedly brought on deck as
drilling operations penetrated the seafloor. Furthermore, the gypsum was found
to possess peculiarities of composition and structure that suggested it had
formed on desert flats. Sediment above and below the gypsum layer contained
tiny marine fossils, indicating open-ocean conditions. As they drilled into
the central and deepest part of the Mediterranean basin, the scientists took
solid, shiny, crystalline salt from the core barrel. Interbedded with the salt
were thin layers of what appeared to be windblown silt.
1. What is the main purpose of paragraph 3?
A. To describe the physical evidence collected by Hsu and Ryan
B. To explain why some of the questions posed earlier in the passage could
not be answered by the findings of the Glomar Challenger
C. To evaluate techniques used by Hsu and Ryan to explore the sea floor
D. To describe the most difficult problems faced by the Glomar Challenger
expedition
2. According to paragraph 4, which of the following was responsible for
the evaporation of the Mediterranean ’ s waters?
A. The movements of Earth’ s crust