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linker(完整版)小学英语易错与易混淆知识点总结

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-15 04:43
tags:知识点, 英语, 小学教育

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2021年1月15日发(作者:禹中斌)

Edited by Kym
2012/7/23
易错与易混淆的知识点
!
1
、[误]
Please give me a paper.
[正]
Please give me a piece of paper.
[析]不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词, 这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念 与
中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了,所以造成了这样的错误,因
paper
在英语中是属于物质
名词一类,是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时,要用与之相关的量词来表达,如:
two
pieces of paper.
2
、[误]
Please give me two letter papers.
[正]
Please give me two pieces of letter paper.
[析]
paper
作为纸讲是不可数名词, 而作为报纸、 考卷、 文章讲时则是可数名词, 如:
Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.
3
、[误]
My glasses is broken.
[正]
My glasses are broken.
4
、[误]
I want to buy two shoes.
[正]
I want to buy two pairs of shoes.
[析]英语中
glasses
—眼镜,
shoes
—鞋,
trousers
—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复
数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用
a pair of glasses
而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如:
5

This pair of glasses is very good.
[误]
May I borrow two radioes?
[正]
May I borrow two radios?
[析]以
o
结尾的名词大都是用加
es
来表示其复数形式,但如果
o
前面是一个元音字母或 外
来语时则只加
s
就可以了。这样的词有
zoo

zoos,piano

pianos.
6
、[误]
This is a Mary's dictionary.
[正]
This is Mary's dictionary.
[析]如名词前有指示代词
this, that, these those,
及其他修饰词
our,some, every, which,
或所 有
格时,则不要再加冠词。

Edited by Kym
2012/7/23
7
、[误]
There are much people in the garden.
[正]
There are many people in the garden.
[析] 可数名词前应用
many, few, a few, a lot of
来修饰, 而
people
是可数名词, 而且是复数
名词,如:
The people are planting trees here.
8
、[误]
I want a few water.
[正]
I want a little water.
[析]不可数名词前可以用
a little, little, a lot of, some
来修饰,但不可用
many,few
来修饰。
9
、[误]
Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.
[正]
Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.
10
、[误]
Tom's and Mary's family are waiting for us.
[正]
Tom's and Mary's families are waiting for us.
11
、[误]
I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.
[正]
I'm sorry. I have to go.
Tom's family are waiting for me.
[析] 集合名词如果指某个集合的整体, 则应视为单数, 如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为
复数。如
:My family is a big family. When I came in, Tom's family were watching TV .
即汤姆一 家人
正在看电视。这样的集合名词有:
12
、[误]
Don't eat too much meats.
family class, team
等。
[正]
Don't eat too much meat.
13
、[误]
Food in that restaurant is very good.
[正]
The food in that restaurant is very good.
[析]物质名词是不可数名词,在使用中不可以加

s
,即它没有复数形式。也不可加不定冠
词。但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。如:
I don't like drinking coffee, but the coffee
in that cup is really good.
14
、[误]
Please give me two waters.
[正]
Please give me two glasses of water.
[正]
Please give me two coffees.
[析]物质名词如要加计量时, 一定要加量词, 如:
two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass
of milk,a loaf of bread,
a piece of bread,a box of sugar, a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange, a bag of earth

Edited by Kym
2012/7/23
例:
I'll tell you a piece of good news.
但只有
coffee
可以用
coffees
来取代
many cups of coffee.
15
、[误]
Can you give me the newspaper of today?
[正]
Can you give me today's newspaper?
[析]加
's
构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物。如:
Mary's hair
,但在英文的习惯
用法中对时间、距离等名词的所有格多用
's
来构成而不用
of
结构。如:
a five minutes' walk.
16
、[误]
Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.
[正]
Please make room for the lady in the school bus.
[析]英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法
和多种含意的, 如:
room
为可数名词时为“房间” ,如:
I live in Room 5.

room
为抽象名
词时为空间上面 一句话应译为 “请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。 ”这样的词还有:
glass
玻璃
glasses
眼镜
stone
石头
a stone
一块石头
time
时间
two times
两次
wood
木头
woods
树林
17
、[误]
There is a flowers garden behind my house.
[正]
There is a flower garden behind my house.
[析]名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外,
还可以用来修饰另一个名词,这时作修饰词 的名词一般要用单数形式, 如:
shoe factory (


),post office(
邮局
),evening paper (
晚报
),night school (
夜校
),head master (


),a law school (
法律学院

。但也有例外,如
:a goods train(
货 车
),sports meeting

运动会


18
、[误]
My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.
[正]
My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.
[析]英语中有些名词单复同形,如:
fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (
中国人
), means (



。所
以应讲
one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese.
如果讲
There are five fishes in the pool.
应 译
为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。
19
、[误]
Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.
[正]
Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.
[析]英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如:

thanks, greens
, 而有些词单数形式与复数形式
有不同的词意。如
:clothes
为衣服,而
cloth
则是布,
sand
沙子,而
sands
是沙滩。
20
、[误]
I offered my son my congratulation on his success.
[正]
I offered my son my congratulations on his success.
[析]英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形
式,但一般要用其复数形式。如握手为
shake hands.

Edited by Kym
2012/7/23
21
、[误]
We have five German in this meeting.
[正]
We have five Germans in this meeting.
[析] 英国人
Englishman
的复数形式为
Englishmen
,而
German
则要加
s
,因为它不是由国
名与
man
的组合词。
22
、[误]
There are two As in this word.
[正]
There are two A's in this word.
[析]在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加
s
,但如字母是
A

I
时,为了防止与
As

Is
相混,则要用
's

A's

I's
23
、[误]
There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.
[正]
There are three 6's and two 3's in my telephone number.
[析]在小写字母与数字的复数形
式表达法中要用
's 24
、[误]
We have many woman teachers in our school.
[正]
We have many women teachers in our school.
[析]一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词
中心词变为复数如:
half brother

half brothers(
同父异母或同母异父的兄弟
)daughter in law

daughtersin law,(
儿媳

但要注意的是:
man driver

men drivers(
男司机
) woman
doctor

women doctors(
女大 夫
)grown up

grown ups(
成年人

但是
boy student
—则
变为
boy students
25
、[误]
Physics are very difficult to learn.
[正]
Physics is very difficult to learn.
[析]虽以
s
结尾但只能用作单数名词有:科学,学科名字:
Physics. Mathematics politics
游戏
名称:
bowls
专有名称:
Niagara Falls(
尼亚加拉瀑布

其他名词:
news(
消息,新闻

26
、[误]
There is a people in the room.
[正]
There is a person in the room.
[正]
There is a man in the room.
[析]
people
是复数名词,不可用作单数, 如要用来讲一个人时应用
a person, a man, a
woman
。 同样的词有
police.
要讲一个警察时则要用
a policeman, a policewoman

27
、[误]
Where is my shoe?
[正]
Where are my shoes?
[析]常常只用作复数形式的词有
trousers, pants, shorts(
短裤


socks(
袜子
),shoes,
gloves(
手 套

。但如果只找其中的一个则要指明, 这时还是应用单数形式。 如:
Where's my
left glove?(
我 左手的手套在哪
?) 28
、[误]
I paid five pennies for the sweet.

Edited by Kym
2012/7/23
[正]
I paid five pence for the sweet.
[析]英语中便士有两个复数形式
pence
用来表达一定数量的钱。而
pennies
是指一个个的
硬币,如:
I want to change this note for pennies.
我想把这纸币换成硬币。

即一便士一个的硬



29
、[误]
There are many fruit in the shop.
[正]
There are many fruits in the shop.
[析] 物质名词为不可数名词, 但是用来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词, 这里应译为各种
各样的水果。
30
、[误]
There is a new car. It is Jone's and Mary's.
[正]
There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's.
[析]有生命名词的所有格,如果是单数名词则加
's
如:
Mary's car.
如果是以
s
结尾的复数 名
词则只在
s
后面加'如:
teachers' offices.
如果是复数名词但不是以
s
结尾,则只加'
s
,如:
children's palace
组合名词的所有格是在最后一个词尾加
's
如:
girl friend

girl friend's someone
else

someone else's a week or three

a week or three's
如名词后有同位语时,则应加 在同位
语的词尾上,如:
It is my girl friend, Mary's car.
要注意的是当两个名词并列时,如表 示归两人共
同所有,则在最后一个名词后面加
's
,如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加
's
,如:
This is Mary and Jone's home.

Mary

Jone
是一家人。 这是他们共同的家。 而
These are Mary's and Jone's homes.
则应译为这里是
Mary
的家与
Jone
的家。
31
、[误]
It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.
[正]
It is really beautiful. It is a Nature's work.
[析]无生命名词的所有格应用
of
结构。但是
's
形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词: 表示
时间的词:
today's newspaper, a twenty minutes' walk, an hour's, rest
表示长度的词:
three
metres' distance, a boat's length

twenty miles' journey
表示重量的名词:
two pounds' weight

格名词:
two dollars'worth
拟人化的名词:
Nature's work, nature's lesson(
大自然的教训


国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词:
the university's library
32
、[误]
He is an old friend of my father.
[正]
He is an old friend of my father's.
[析]这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法去推理。这是我们所说的双重所有格

,of
后面接的是
sb.
'
s
如:
This pen is Tom's.
33
、[误]
My father is a good cooker.
!

[正]
My father is a good cook.
[析]一般动词加上
er
后则转意为执行该动作的执行者, 如
:teach(



teacher(

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