楠木正成初中英语之宾语从句

2021年1月15日发(作者：查良铮)
模块十三：宾语从句
一、宾语从句的断定
定义：宾语从句，顾名思义，是一个用作宾语的句子。例如：
I don't know if / whether my father will come back tomorrow. （我不知道明天我爸爸是否
会回来。）
Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy. （汤姆不能决定应该买哪一件羊毛衫。）
We all know（that）the sun rises in the east. （我们都知道太阳在东方升起。）

二、辨别主句和宾语从句---连接词
引导宾语从句的连接词有三种，分别为：
A. 连词 if / whether ：原来的直接引语为一般疑问句。
Will he come back tomorrow？ Do you know？
→ Do you know if / whether he will come back tomorrow？
B. 连接代词或连接副词：原来的直接引语为特殊疑问句。
Which sweater should Tom buy？ Tom can't decide.
→ Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy.
C. 连词 that ： 宾语从句是原来直接引语中的陈述句
The sun rises in the east. We all know.
→ We all know that the sun rises in the east.

【重点】
三、宾语从句的时态：
1、如果 主句谓语动词为一般现在时，那么宾语从句的谓语动词的时态可以根据具体情况，
该用哪种时态，就用哪 种时态。
2、如果主句谓语动词的时态为一般过去时，根据主从句时态一致的原则，从句谓语动词的时态可以使用相应的过去时态。
1）宾语从句中的一般现在时变为一般过去时：
is / am / are → was / were； do / does → did； may → might； need → needed can → could .
2）宾语从句中的一般将来时变为过去将来时： is /am / are going to do → was / were
going to do； will do → would do .
3）宾语从句中的现在完成时变为过去完成时： has / have done → had done .
4）宾语从句中的现在进行时变为过去进行时： is / am / are doing → was / were doing .
A. Lucy says that Lily is listening to the music.
→ Lucy said that Lily was listening to the music.
B. Lucy says that Lily will go home.
→ Lucy said that Lily would go home.
C. Lucy says that Lily gets up at five.
→ Lucy said that Lily got up at five.
D. Lucy says that Lily has never been to Guangzhou.
→ Lucy said that Lily had never been to Guangzhou.
【注意】
1、如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学事实时，不管主句是何种时态，都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
2、当主句是Could you …表示婉转的语气，从句的时态无需受主句的影响发生变化。
Could you tell me if it is going to rain tomorrow ?

【考点诠释】
1、人称代词要作相应的变动。
Do you have any cheaper ones？ Mother asked the shopkeeper.
Mother asked the shopkeeper if / whether you had any cheaper one.
（妈妈问你们是否还有更便宜的。）（误）
Mother asked the shopkeeper if / whether they had any cheaper ones.
（妈妈问他们是否还有更便宜的。）（正）
2、连词的选择：
I wander that he will come back tomorrow？（误）
I wander if/whether he will come back tomorrow？
3、时态的处理：
Could you tell me when will the meeting would begin?
Could you tell me when the meeting will begin? （正）
4、句子结构的处理：
Tom can't decide which sweater should he buy. （误）
Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy. （正）
【基础题】
一、判断正误
1.I think beef taste better than pork.
you tell me when will the meeting begin?
3.I really don’t know what does it mean.
told me that French is also taught in.
hasn’t decided that she will go to Australia or not.
6.I can’t imagine how made his say that at the meeting.

二、选择题
（ ） me, could you please tell me ____________?
will the film start much the ticket would cost
does this bus go gate is open
（ ） class teacher asked the monitor_______________.
was Jeff late for school Jeff was late for school
is Jeff late for school Jeff is late for school
（ ） wondered _______ the new mobile phone.
much would she pay for much will she pay for
much she would pay for much she will pay for
（ ） tell us _________________.(黄浦区)
will the winter vocation start the winter vocation will start
does the winter vocation start did the winter vocation start
（ ） you tell me ______________?(嘉定区)
often do you see a film they are staying with
did he live is she doing now
（ ） you tell me what day __________ the Palace Museum for free ?(卢湾区)
elementary and high school students visit
elementary and high school students visit
tary and high school students can visit
tary and high school students could visit
（ ） you know how long _______ to leave Shanghai for Tokyo?(闸北区)
it take you it take you takes you take it
（ ）8.I didn’t understand _______in class, so I raised my hand to ask.(静安区)
my teacher said did my teacher say
did my teacher say my teacher said
（ ） English Teacher asked me _____________(徐汇区)
Jane hasn’t watched the game hasn’t Jane watched the game
Jane hadn’t watched the game hadn’t Jane watched the game
（ ） told me ________this afternoon.(金山区)
is going to watch a ball game
was going to have a meeting
he is going to see a film
he was going to take a walk
（ ） you tell me ____________?(闵行区)
were you at seven last night
’s your momory-improvement course
you had seen the performance
there are three kinds of memory
（ ） you know ______________？(奉贤区)
he has come he didn’t come
he comes tomorrow is he looking for
（ ）’s aunt has no idea______________(青浦区)。
can she go skirt she should buy
she had said will she leave for Beijing
（ ） class teacher wanted to know _____________.(崇明县)
does Alan do last weekend Alan does last weekend
did Alan do last weekend Alan did last weekend
（ ）15.I’m interested in ____________.(虹口区)
he opened the door without a key
did they come back
r he would invite Jack to his party next weekend
many books you had read
（ ） asked me ________________.(杨浦区)
I had done in school had I done in school
I have done in school have I done in school

【提高题】
一、从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend