冰格划重点英语四级考试虚拟语气和倒装句语法大全总集

2021年1月14日发(作者：米芾)




划重点英语四级考试虚拟
语气和倒装句语法大全总
集
Modified by JEEP on December 26th, 2020.
英语四级考试虚拟语气和倒装句语法大全总集
语法复习：
一、虚拟语气和倒装句
知识总结与归纳：
虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，怀疑，推测或后悔。虚拟语气主要用于条件
从句，让步从句和名词性从句。
虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：
1. 动词过去式
2. had done
3. would/could/should/might do
4. would/could/should/might have done
5. were
（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假
设，后悔或推测。
句型结构：If +主语+had been/done….，主语
+should/could/might/would + have done….
1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might
have made all different.
2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have
got hurt.
3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have
helped him.
（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：
句型结构：If +主语+were / 动词过去式，主语
+should/could/might/would +do
1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.
3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：
句型结构：If +主语+were to do, 主语
+should/could/might/would +do
If +主语+should do
If +主语+动词过去式
（1）If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.
（2）If the little girl should take piano lessons, she would
have less free time.
（3）If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would
choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.
注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以
去掉if以后用倒装句语序。
例句：
① Had I not helped him, he would have failed in business.
② Should I be free, I would come .
③ Were she my daughter, I could suggest a different plan .
注意：有时候，主，从句所描述的时间范围不一致，则根据具体语
境调整动词的形式。
例句：
① If he had caught the train, he would be here by now.
② You would speak English well enough, if you had practiced
every day.
（四）虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用：
1. 用在与without, but for, but, otherwise短语连用的句型
中：
例句：
The ship would have sunk with all on board but for efforts
of the captain.
The rescue arrived in time, otherwise They would have been
frozen to death.
2. 用在It’s time 句型中：It’s time that 主语+动词过去
式……
It’s time that I went to school and picked up my daughter.
3. 在句型…as if /though+主语+动词过去式/were/had done……
例句：
He looked at me as if I were mad .
“I wish people would find out the facts,” she says, “ and
not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.”
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
4. 用在If only 句型中：表示：要是……该多好啊！
（1）If only you hadn’t told Jackie what I said, everything
would have been all right.
（2）If only you would listen to reason.
5. 与“命令，建议，要求, 有必要/重要”有关的名词性从句中的
谓语动词结构：
（1）主动结构：should do
（2）被动结构：should be done；（should可以省略）
① I suggest that he should come another day.
② The suggestion that the students should learn something
practical is worth considering.
③ I though it necessary that I should stay in the room till
he came back.
（五）情态动词（should / ought to; could; needn’t; would
like to等）+have done：表示“本来应该/能够/没必要/很愿意”
1. You could have told us earlier.
2. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.
3. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading
novels.
4. We need not have been in a hurry to catch the train.
倒装句：倒装句是英语中常见的语法现象，他的使用一是出于语法
结 构的需要，再就是为了强调句中的某一部分。
（1）当否定副词never; hardly; seldom; nor; neither; little;
few; not; not only 在句首，后面接助动词/be +主语……的倒装语
序。
Never have I realized that water is so precious.
Seldom have we seen such big melons.
（2）Only+介词短语/状语从句，后面接助动词/be +主语……的倒
装语序。
Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
（3）Not until +时间状语（从句）后面接助动词/be +主语……的
倒装语序。
Not until we know more will we be able to improve the
situation.
（4）as / so / neither / nor 在句首表示另一个人或另一种情况
也是如此。后面接助动词/be +主语……的倒装语序。
Without international cooperation, developing countries
cannot prosper, nor will sustainable development be possible.
A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as
is the willingness to act.
（5）在以here; there; now; out; in; up; down; away 或表示地
点的介词短语为句首后面接完全倒装结构（谓语+主语）
Among the speakers was China’s then Premier Zhu Rongji, who
stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world.
On a hill in front of them stood a great castle.
（6）倒装句在结果状语从句；让步状语从句；时间状语从句中的
使用：
① so / such ….that….（如此……以致于……）将so / such….
部分 置于句首：
So loudly did he speak that people upstairs could hear him.
② 表示：“虽然……” ：名词 / 形容词，副词 / 动词+as +主
语+谓语……
Cold as it was, we went out .
Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning.
Child as he is, he knew what was the right thing to do.
③ 表示：“一……就……”：No sooner had …done …than +陈
述句（过去时）
Hardly had…done…when+陈述句（过去时）
Hardly had she entered the house when she heard the dog
barking.
No sooner had we started lunch than the door bell rang.
【典型例题】
1. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so
tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven; wouldn’t have
got
答案：D
分析：本题考查虚拟条件句的运用。题干You didn’t let me
drive.告诉我们后面的条件句是一个与过去事实相反的假设，有后
悔，埋怨的意思。在这 种条件句中主句用would have done， 从句
用had done结构。
2. ___ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit
to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
答案：B
分析：本题考查虚 拟条件句与倒装句的结合运用。句中时间状语
tomorrow以及主句中的would表明该句是对明 天天气情况的虚拟假
设，表示将来的虚拟条件句的结构为If it should/ were to rain
tomorrow。但是条件从句可以去掉连词if，从句用倒装句结构，
即：Should it rain tomorrow.
3. The captain kept calm in the terrible storm, otherwise