大树懒完成时态

2021年1月13日发(作者：蒲富恪)

现在完成时
一． 基本结构：
肯定句：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
二．用法
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)
My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的 ,持续到现在的动作
（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since （+
时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
③since+时段+ago
④since+从句（过去时）
⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
三、has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Where is your father？ He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago
四．现在完成时的标志
1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标
志词可以表达这种含义:
* 以already, just和yet为标志
He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。
* 以ever和never为标志
This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。

- 1 -


He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
* 以so far（到目前为止）为标志
He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从
动作“延续 ”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
*①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志
注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last we
ek, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 3）现在完成时往往同表
示不确定的过去时间状语连用
五． 瞬间动词不能直接与for 、since 连用, 要改变动词
buy----have borrow -----keep finish----be over
go out----be out leave ----be away die----be dead
begin-----be on open----be open close -----be closed
come/arrive/reach/get to----be in
★代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
★3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
★5、用wear代替put on
a)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut





9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
b)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here/there或go there
c)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army

- 2 -


3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up；
7. have died → have been dead；
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；
11. havemarried → have been married；












12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
have
have
have
have
have
have
started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；
begun → have been on
borrowed/bought →have kept/had
lost → haven’t had
put on →have worn
caught /get a cold → have had a cold；
18. have got to know → have known
19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s me
mber/the league member/the soldier…
巩固练习
一、单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、—Our country______a lot so far. —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed well B. changed good
C. has changed better D. changed better

- 3 -


6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was studying Ｂ. will study
Ｃ. has studied Ｄ. are studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did do finished Ｂ. Have done finished
Ｃ. Have done have finished Ｄ. will do finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
12、—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle____for more than 9 years.

- 4 -


A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
二、 句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, __________ ___________ ?（反意疑问句）
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
__________ ___________ they been here?
3、The old man _____ last year. He _____ ______ _______for a year. (die)
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ________ ______ ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _________ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
________ _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
三、 汉译英。
1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2、 他昨天收到一封信。
3、 我父亲以前到过长城。
4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、 她去过上海。
6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？










- 5 -