采取行动英语语法基础(倒装与从句)

2021年1月13日发(作者：龚方雄)
英语语法初步 倒装与从句
先讲倒装
一.概念:
英语句子通常有 两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,
称为倒装语序。
二.相关知识点
按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）
+主语”，就是倒装。
倒装句分为：
完全倒装： 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。
部分倒装： 只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。
1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。
Our teacher came in. ——>> In came our teacher.
这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
如 Here it is. Away he went.
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主
语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。
Then came 8 years of the Anti -Japanese War.
3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。 这种倒装句也是主谓直接
调换位置，不加助动词did, does，do.
Under a big tree ___D_____, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
4. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动
词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. In front of the tower flews a stream.
5. so + 动词+主语
neither/ nor + 动词+主语
表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一
致。 否则要用so it is with…
You can ride a bike. So can I .
He has been to Beijing. So have I .
The first one isn’t good, neither is the second.
His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his
aunt.
6. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放
于句首构成倒装。句型如下： so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。
Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. So easy was the work that t
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英语语法初步 倒装与从句
hey finished it in a few days.
7. done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
8. 否定副词not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放于句首时要用倒装句式。
We seldom get up at four in the morning. = Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
9. hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than… 可以用正常语
序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did 句式。
hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。



什么语从句在整个句子中就起什么语的作用，如主语从句就起主语的作用
句子基本结构
主+谓+宾+（宾补）简单理解主语后是动词的动词就是谓语，后面的对象就是宾语
主+系+表 am is are就是系动词，就是系语，is、am、are后面的就是表语（一般而言）look，
seem, feel, sense, taste, smell, sound表感官时也起到系动词的作用,视为系动词，后接表语，
多为形容词
1. 主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，
而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...
*It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...
*It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...
*It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.

3)what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都
用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.

2. 宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词th at常可省略。介词后一般接
疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，
其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
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