东方快车翻译初中英语选词填空解题技巧讲课讲稿

2021年1月11日发(作者：霍元镇)

初中英语选词填空解题技巧
根据平时的观察，学生在做英语的“选词填空”时，遭 遇较多困难，有的甚至
条件反射一样畏惧或厌烦。在此，分享平时积累的解题技巧和训练技巧略，希望能给同学们提供一点帮助。
“选词填空”要求学生利用所给的12个词汇(一般有名词、代 词、动词、形容
词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等)补全一篇有10个空缺的短文。要攻克这
一难关，学生除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需掌握
一定的解题技巧。
1.在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性
作简单的标记， 例如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad. 等等。同时对词
义作初步的理解。
2.通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文
的句子，充分 理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地
猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选 词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
3.在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符
合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。
★对于名词，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches,
friend- friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny,
use-useful/useless/used, danger-dangerous；
★对于动词，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化
(动词不定式- to do, 现在分词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing
sth./used to do sth./have sth. done…)；
★对于 形容词和副词，要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换，是否需要变成比较
级或最高级，还有以及形容词变名 词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more /the
most interesting, happy-happily，happy -happiness;
★对于代词，注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的
用法；
★对于数词，要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：
three- third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of ；
★对于冠词，只需要在 a或an之间判别，如a girl /an old man;
★对于介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入
即可。
为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：
空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有 's 不能弃，“动词”注意要变
形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘 “基” 和“序”，填入
“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。
4. 完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。


检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语 态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，
以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。
总结：做题技巧
1．统览全局，把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。
只有了解了短文的大意，把握了全局才能主导方向，从而有助于正确理解空缺
词所在的句子，缩 小词的选择范围。
2．根据语法，判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法< br>成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选择范围,从而正确地选词。
3．利用语境，确定词 形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助
判断其形式。如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式 、动词的-ing形式；名词的
数和所有格；代词的各种形式及单复数；形容词、副词的比较级以及基数 词、
序数词的转换形式等。
4．复读全文，验正答案。填完单词后，不可孤立地逐个检查词， 而必须将
所有填入的词代入文章中，复读全文，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内
容，读起 来是否流畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确
等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全 文，很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处
顺口“读”出来。
例题：（2010年河南省中招选词填空题节选）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正 确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思
完整。请将答写在短文后相应题号的横线上。每空限填一词，每词限用一 次。
方框中有两个词是多余的。
dirty with have always time they large want speak lesson
first drop
After a quick breakfast, I went into the lecture hall in a hurry．A famous teacher
was 66 to the students．He was holding up a $$100 bill．Then he said to the three
hundred students，“Who would like this $$100 bill?” The students put up 67 hands
at once．Then he said，“I am going to give this $$100 bill to one of you，but 68 ，
let me do this．”He made the bill into a ball．Then he said. “Who 69 it now?” The
hands went back into the air．“Well,” he said，“what if I do this?” and he 70 it on
the floor and stepped on it．He picked up the 7l bill and said．“Who still wants it?”
Hands went back again into the air.” My friends,” he said，“you have learned a
valuable(有价值的) 72 today．No matter what I did to the $$100 bill! Many 73
in our life，we are dropped and stepped on．We feel as if we are worth nothing．But
remember, no matter what 74 happened to you，you will never lose your value：
You are 75 valuable to those people who love you．Your value doesn’t come from
what you do or whom you know, but who you are.”
1. 单词诠释；进行预判

2. 缺词通读全文， 经行预判 3. 瞻前顾后，仔细填空，注意单词的变形。

针对性练习：




1. dirty < adj. > make the room dirty
2. with --- without < prep>
3. have 拥有 < 实义动词> -- has ( 单三 ) had ( 过去式)
have <助动词 > ： 构成完成时 have done / has done / had done
4. always< adv. > ： be always doing 一直干某事
5. time < U. > 时间 have a good / bad time Time is precious.
< C. > 时代 in modern /old times
6. they < pron. > they 主格 --- them宾格 --- themselves 反身代词
their 形容词性物主代词 ----- theirs 名词性物主代词
7. large < adj.> 比较级 larger 最高级 largest 副词largely
8. want < v. > want sth. want sb. to do sth.
9. speak speak to / with sb. speak about sth.
10. give sb. a lesson 给某人个教训 learn a lesson 学习一课
11. first --- firstly; at first then…
12 drop < vt.> -- dropped – dropped; drop sth. on the ground














（一）

forget， bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently，I ，
every， stop，each
Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes
1____________him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in
London. They were 2____________there.
One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 ____________to take an
umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella
standing 4 ____________the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown
5____________up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he
was getting off, he was 6____________by the man. He said angrily, “That’s
7____________!” Mr. Brown’ s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at
once.
When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas
ready. After a good look at 8 ____________of them, he said, “You’ve mended them


very well.”
In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9____________man was in the
same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, “You’ve had a 10
____________day,” he said.
（二）


before, discover , fast, in, come, watch , so, fast it, ago ,
shine, not can
Light travels at a speed (速度) which is about a million times 1
____________than that of sound. 2___________one second, light travels about
300,000 kilometers, but sound travels only 340 meters. You can get some idea of this
difference by 3 ______________the start of a running match. If you stand far away
from the starter(发令员), you can see smoke 4 ____________from his gun
5____________ the sound reaches your ears.
The fast speed of light produces some strange facts. The nearest star is 6
____________far away that light which you can see from it tonight started to travel
to you four years 7____________at a speed of nearly two million kilometers every
minute. The light from some of tonight’s started on 8 ____________journey towards
you even before you were born.
So, if we want to be honest, we 9 ____________say, “The stars are shining
brightly tonight.” We have to say, “The stars look nice. They were
10___________four years ago but their light has just reached our earth. ”
（三）
all， any，behave，difference，drink，eat，e njoy，fine，other，
real，surprise，these
Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the
students 1 ____________was that all the cups on the table were 2___________. Each