第三全国高中英语从句综合解

2021年1月9日发(作者：饶正锡)



【宾语从句】
在英语中，有简单句(只含一个谓语动 词)、并列句(用连词连接，含不止一个谓语动词)和复合句(含从句)。本节课我
们复习复合句里面的 宾语从句。
．．．．
如：She knows thathe will come back soon. I’m afraid thatI can’t go to your party.
矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。
1. 宾语从句的【引导词】
宾语从句的引导词分三种。
●(1) 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that.（that在口语中常省略）
主句：He says... 从句：He is tired of playing computer games.
聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。
→He says that he is tired of playing computer games.
残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。
●(2) 如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether，表示“是否”。
主句：I don’t know… 从句：Does Tom likes fish?
→ I don’t knowif / whetherTom likes fish.
【注意】①whether引导的从句常与or not连用，而if不能；
②宾语从句可简化为whether to do的搭配，而没有if to do这种搭配.
如：Could you tell mewhetherI should finish my homework todayor not?
酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。
Could you tell mewhetherto finish my homework today?
彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。
【拓展】if有两个意思：
1. 表示“是否”，引导的是宾语从句。动词的时态视情况而定。
2. 表示“如果”，引导的是条件状语从句，时态用一般现在时表示将来（遵循“主将从现”规则）。
经典例题：--Do you know if Tom ____________(go) hiking with us ?
謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。
--I’m not sure. But if he____________(go), I will take many photos with him .
厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。
●(3) 如果从句是特殊疑问句，直接用该疑问词来引导。
主句：Do you know… 从句：what does he want to buy?
→ Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？
2. 宾语从句的【时态】
■(1) 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态
如：She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
■(2) 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去的某时态
如：He said that she was singing. 他说她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了作业。
鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。
Did you know when he would come back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。
【注意】格言和客观真理总是用一般现在时。
如：She told me yesterday(that)the earth travels around the sun.
預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。


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3. 宾语从句的【语序】
★宾语从句要用陈述语序。(而不是疑问语气)
如：Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whetherhe works hard.
渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。
When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know whenhe left China.
铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。
【特殊情况】
What’s wrong with…? 作宾语从句不需变语序
What’s the matter with…?
如：What’s wrong with him? I don’t know.→ I don’t know what’s wrong with him.
擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。

4. 宾语从句的【否定转移】
在英语里通常不会出现 “I think (that) he isn’t right.”
而会把否定转移到主句中“I don’t think (that) he is right.”

5. 宾语从句的【虚拟语气】
在含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词( 如advice,suggest,insist, require, request等 )后，宾语从句要 用“should+动
词原形”结构，should常省略。
贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。
如：I suggest that he (should) study harder. 【这就是为什么study用原形】
坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。

【定语从句】
一．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
二．特点：1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
2. 关联词：
1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。
2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。
关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose代指先行词。
关系副词：when, where, why作时间状语。
三．基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分

四．关系代词的用法：
1. that 和which
that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。
Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.
蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。
The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.
注意：The room in which I live is very big.(在介词后面不能用that)
買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。


2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：
1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。

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2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that
The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.
驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。
3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。
猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。
It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?
This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.

4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，n one，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that
锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅 薔。
I want everything (that) I want.
I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.
構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。

5)先行词被不定代词all, any, no,every,little,much,many修 饰时，只能用that
輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。
Here is all the money (that) I have.

6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.
尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。

7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导
Is it the one（that）you want？

8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句
Who is the girl that won the first place?

3. who和whom
who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。
Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。
Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?
The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.
识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。
=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.
凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。

五.关系副词的用法：
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came to =on which
恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。
指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词.
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.
鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。

【状语从句】

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介词+关系代词=关系副词
介词+关系代词
（人只能用whom,物只能用which）