确保2016年12月英语四级真题(第三套)

2021年1月9日发(作者：郑光华)

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)
Part I
Writing
(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon
graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in ajoint venture. You are to make a choice
between the two. Write an essay to explain thereasons for your should write at least 120 words but no
more than 180words.
Part II
Listening Comprehension
(25 minutes）
说明：由于2016年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套 内容完全一样，只是顺序
不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part Ⅲ
Reading Comprehension
(40 minutes）
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank
from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before
making your choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each
item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more
than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are and brains,believing that
explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study26that belief,questioning whether brains really
can be distinguished by gender.
In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers27for sex differences throughout the entirehuman brain.
And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for28brains as
that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in themiddle.
Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based29, many different
types of brain can't always be distinguished by gender.
While the
brain scans. Only a small31of people had
Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist ( 神经科学家), said the study is an important addition toa growing body
of research questioning32beliefs about gender and brain function. But hecautioned against concluding from this
study that all brains are the same,33of gender.
a mountain of evidence34the importance of sex influences at all levels of brainfunction,he told The
Seattle Times.
If anything, he said, the study35that gender plays a very important role in the brain--
exactly how.
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Section B
Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement
contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is
derived．You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter．Answer the
questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．
Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?
product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination．So it isn’t surprising thatyou’11
find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home—security systems． most
likely type of burglary(人室盗窃)by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity，usuallyinvolving a broken
window or some forced entry．According to the FB1．crimes like these accounted forroughly two．thirds of all
household burglaries in the US in 2013．The wide majority of the rest were illegal．unforced entries that resulted
from something like a window being left open．The odds of a criminal usingtechnical means to bypass a security
system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics．
of the main theoretical home—security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to
beingblocked from working altogether．With wired setups，the fear is that a burglar(人室盗贼)might be ableto shut
your system down simply by cutting the right cable．With a wireless setup．you stick battery—powered sensors up
around your home that keep an eye on windows。doors，motion，and more．If theydetect something wrong while
the system is armed．they’ll transmit a wireless aleft signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm．That
approach will eliminate most cord—cutting concerns--but what abouttheir wireless equivalent，jamming?with the
fight device tuned to the fight frequency，what’s to stop athief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert
signal from ever reaching the base station?
g concerns are nothing new，and they’re not unique to security systems．Any device that’s built toreceive
a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on thesame
frequency．For comparison．1et’s say you wanted to“jam”a conversation between two people--allyou’d need to do
is yell in the listener’s ear．
E) Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—mat means that a potential thief canfind
what they need to know with minimal Googling．They will．however．need to know what systemthey’re looking
for．If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use，that’d point them in theright direction，though
at that point，we’re talking about a highly targeted，semi—sophisticated attack，andnot the sort of forced—entry
attack that makes up the majority of burglaries．It’s easier to find and acquirejamming equipment for some
frequencies than it is for others．
F)Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks．SimpliSafe，
winner of our Editors’Choice distinction．utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental

RFinterference from targeted jamming attacks．When the system thinks it’s being jammed，it’ll notify you viapush
alert(推送警报)．From there，it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually．
G)SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming，complete with a video showing the entiresystem
being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment．After taking appropriate measures tocontain the RF
interference to our test lab，we tested the attack out for ourselves，and were able to verify that it’s possible with the
right equipment．However．we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jammingsystem works．It caught us in the act，
sent an alert to my smartphone，and also listed our RF interferenceon the system’s event log．The team behind the
article and video in question make no mention of thesystem，or whether or not it detected them．
H)We like the unique nature of that software．It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how
thesystem works．then figure out a way around it．Even if they could，SimpliSafe claims that its system isalways
evolving，and that it varies slightly from system to system，which means there wouldn’t be auniversal magic
formula for cracking it．Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming．Theteam at Frontpoint
addresses the issue in a blog on its site，citing their own jam protection software andclaiming that there aren’t any
documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offeringwireless security sensors in the
l980s．
I)Jamming attacks are absolutely possible．As said before．with the fight equipment and the right know—how，it’s
possible to jam any wireless transmission．But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into
your home and steal your stuff?
J)Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti—jamming
system．First，a thief is going to need to target your home，specifically．Then，he’s going to needto know the
technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming yourspecific
setup．Presumably，you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away，so the thief willstill need to break
in．That means defeating the lock somehow，or breaking a window．He’11 need to be jamming you at this point，
as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm．S0，too，would the motion detectors in your
home，so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside andsearching for things to steal．However．he’11
need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system，thedetails of which he almost certainly does not have
access to．
K)At the end of the day，these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort ofopportunistic
smash—and—grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries．They’re also only a singlelayer in what should
ideally be a many—sided approach to securing your home，one that includes commonsense things like sound locks
and proper exterior lighting at night．No system is impenetrable，and none canpromise to eliminate the worst case
completely．Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeablethief could theoretically exploit．A good
system is one that keeps that worst—case setting as improbable aspossible while also offering strong protection in
the event of a less-extraordinary attack．
36．It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill．37．Interfering with
a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation．
38．A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm，both inside and
outside the house．
39．SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming
attacks．
40．Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means．
41．It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing．
42．Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected．
43．Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security