belated12月英语六级真题及答案解析

2021年1月9日发(作者：郭蔼明)
PartⅢ Reading Comprehension
Section A
As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a
badge of honor. Plus, we live in a culture that_____(37)to the late-nighter, from
24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. It's no surprise,
then, that more than half of American adults don't get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye
every night as_____(38)by sleep experts.
Whether or not we can catch up on sleep-on the weekend, say-is a
hotly_____(39)topic among sleep researches. The latest evidence suggests that while
it isn't_____(40), it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor
of medicine, brought_____(41)sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of
sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed_____(42)in the
ability of insulin(胰岛素)to process blood sugar. That suggests that catchup sleep
may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep_____(43)causes, which is
encouraging given how many adults don't get the hours they need each night. Still,
Liu isn't_____(44)to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.
Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not_____(45)an effective remedy
either. “A sleeping pill will_____(46)one area of the brain, but there's never going
to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn't really replicates(复制)the
different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through
the different stages of sleep,says Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep
Center.
37.【题干】_____
【选项】















【答案】B
【解析】cater to表示“迎合”的意思，空白处前提到a culture，所以用第三人称单
数caters。
38.【题干】_____
【选项】















【答案】M
【解析】空白处后有介词by，因此空白处前要填一个动词，与后文匹配，recommended
by符合题意，大多数美国人都达不到由睡眠专家建议的7——9小时睡眠时间。
39.【题干】_____
【选项】















【答案】D
【解析】 空白处前有hotly这个词，后有topic，说明这是个热门的话题，要填一个形
容词，debat ed讨论的，符合题意。
40.【题干】_____
【选项】















【答案】F
【解析】通过while...might help. 可以看出，文章中提到尽管在假日补充睡眠并不
是理想的，ideal符合语境。
41.【题干】_____
【选项】















【答案】C
【解析】 空白处后为形容词，空白处需要填副词做修饰，chronically意思为“长期
地”修饰“有睡眠 困扰的人”符合题意。
42.【题干】_____
【选项】















【答案】G
【解析】空白处前有showed，因此空白处填一个名词更贴切，G选 项improvements符
合语境。
43.【题干】_____
【选项】















【答案】E
【解析】题意为：补眠可以修复一部分并不是全部的由睡眠( )造成的损害。所以sleep
后面应该接一个名词，组成“睡眠匮乏”符合语境。
44.【题干】_____
【选项】















【答案】L
【解析】根据文中 “没有…去做某事”，推测出空格内填一个形容词，选ready表示
“Liu尚未 准备好去接受这个习惯”。
45.【题干】_____
【选项】















【答案】H
【解析】空格内应该填一个副词修饰be动词。“必须地”符合语境，“ 尽管安眠药对
于一些人是有效的，但并不一定是一个有效的解决良方”。
46.【题干】_____
【选项】















【答案】O
【解析】 情态动词will后要跟一个动词原形，target符合，表示“一片安眠药会瞄准
大脑的一个区域。
Section B
Climate change may be real, but it's still not easy being green.
[A]The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may
tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most
pervasive problem is less obvious: our own behavior. We get distracted before we
can turn down the heating. We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a
neighbour's trip to India. Ultimately, we can't be bothered to change our attitude.
Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able
to do that for us.
[B]Despite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions soaring,
most people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally.
Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent
of participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents
ranked it last on a list of priorities.
[C]This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness.
can't actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by
adopting a range of defence mechanisms,
the environmental organization Word Wide Fund for Nature.
[D]Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans
to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact.
about now because if we don't survive for the next minute, we're not going to be
around in ten years' time,
on Environmental Decision at Columbia University in New York. If the Thames for
Research on Environmental Decision at Columbia University in New York. If the Thams
were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners wound face up to the problem of emissions
pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks-and
benefits- associated with issues that lie some way ahead.
[E]Matthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the
University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day. of the ways in which all
agents seem to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that
are going to be further away in the future,
for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for
humans for thousands of years.
[F] Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate changes,
it could well be too late. And it we're not going to make rational decisions about
the future, others may have to help us to do so.
[G] Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions
About Health. Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue
that governments should persuade us into making better decisions-such as saving more
in our pension plans-by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that
environmental policy can make use of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes
included green construction guidelines, most developers would too lazy to challenge
them.
[H] Defaults are certainly part of the solution. But social scientists are most
concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态). need
to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change.
says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in
Norwich.
norms are, what is seen as desirable in other words, our inner caveman
is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up
to.
[I] The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered
by continuing us in-and measuring us against- our peer group.
primitive and elemental,
Persuasion. ……
just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behavior in the
direction of the crowd.
[J] These norms can take us beyond good intensions. Caldini conducted a study
in San Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung
on people's doors. Some of the messages mentioned the environment, some financial
savings, others social responsibility. But it was the ones that mentioned the actions
of neighbours that drove down power use.
[K] Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare
their energy use with the local average is enough to cause them to modify their
behaviour. The Conservatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies
print the average local electricity and gas usage on people's bills.
[L] Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective
capacity for self-destructive behavior. Environmental campaigns that tell us how
many people drive SUVs unwittingly(不经意地)imply that this behavior is widespread
and thus permissible. Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message.
of normalizing the undesirable buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability
to be energy-independent.
[M] Tapping into how we already see ourselves is crucial. The most successful
environmental strategy will marry the green message to our own sense of identify.
Take your average trade union member, chances are they will be politically motivated
and be used to collective action- much like Erica Gregory. A retired member of the
Public and Commercial Services Union, she is setting up one of 1,100 action groups
with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environmental campaign aimed at
trade unionists.
[N] Erica is proof that a great- grandmother can help to lead the revolution if
you get the psychology right-in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the
environment with a fondness for organizing groups. think it's a terrific idea,
she says of the campaign.
something in is expecting up to 20 people at the first meeting she has called,
at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.
[O] Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of
activity is where the future of environmental action lies.
society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change…… and
obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK,
he says. The Food, Hate Wastecampaign entered into a collaboration last year
with another such network-the Women's Institute. Londoner Rachel Taylor joined the
campaign with the aim of making new friends. A year on, the meetings have made lasting
changes to what she throws away in her kitchen.
if you're doing it with other people,she says. motivates you more if you know
that you've got to provide feedback to a group.
[P]The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting
attention across the political establishment. In the US, the House of
Representatives Science Committee has approved a bill allocating $$10 million a year
to studying energy-related behavior. In the UK, new studies are in development and
social scientists are regularly spotted in British government offices. With the help
of psychologists, there is fresh hope that we might go green after all.
47.【题干】When people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend
to live with it.
【选项】
















【答案】C
【解析】we can't actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt
psychologically by adopting a range of defence mechanisms,
48.【题干】To be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.
【选项】
















【答案】L
【解析】Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message.
49.【题干】It is the government's responsibility to persuade people into making
environment-friendly decisions.