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2016年12月英语四级真题及答案卷二
英语四级考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对！
作文题目：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose
you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and
the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the
two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write
at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考范文：Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the
problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students' opinions
differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to take
a job, but others take the attitude that going to a graduate school is the
most critical factor influencing their future career choices.
As to myself, I prefer the latter view. A higher educational background exerts
a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to
me. This phenomenon that the graduates have difficulties in finding job after
their graduation can easily be found anywhere in our daily life, especially
on campus. On the one hand, with the improved high education of Chinese college
students which directly brought the result that there are more and more
graduates every year. On the contrary, job vacancies don’t increase that
fast. More people, less food, which is the exact description of the hard
condition. On the other hand, more and more people go on to pursue their master
and doctor degree; more and more Chinese oversea students come back to China
to hunt better working chances. It is sure that the competition is more and
more fierce.
Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to improve our
own competitiveness. That is the secret of success in the future employment
market after our graduation.
Part Ⅲ Reading Section A(卷二)
The ocean is heating up. That's the conclusion of a new study that finds
that Earth's oceans now (27)heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago.
Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 has taken place since 1997,
researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.
Warming waters are known to (28)to coral bleaching(珊瑚白化) and they
take up more space than cooler waters, raising sea (29). While the top of
the ocean is studied, its depths are more difficult to (30)The researchers
gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get better (31)of
heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature
readings collected by everything from a 19th century (32)of British naval
ships to modern automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources, (33)with
computer simulations(计算机模拟), created a timeline of ocean temperature
changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil
fuel (34).
About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial
era now residents at a (35)of more than 700 meters, the researchers found.
They say they're unsure(36)whether the deep-sea warming canceled out
warming at the sea's surface.
A absorb
B combined
C contribute
D depth
E emission
e
G explore
s
erent
K level
M picture
N unsure
O voyage
参考答案：
(26)A absorb
(27)C contribute
(28)K level
(29)G explore
(30)M picture
(31)O voyage
(32)B combined
(33)E emission
(34)D depth
(35)N unsure
参考解析
文章第一句讲到海洋正在升温，不难推断出第26题应该是选absorb，absorb
为吸收的意思。
be known to do sth, 由此可知第27题应该选动词原形，再根据后面的to, 故
将答案锁定为contribute，contribute… to…意思为是……的原因，有助于;为……
做贡献;为……捐款;为……撰稿。
raising…为结果状语从句，意为导致了海平面的上升，故此空的答案为levels。
该句的前半句意思是海洋的表层(顶部)被研究得较为透彻，考生要谨记在做完
形填空时， 要做到上下文的对应，比对一下就可得知该空应该选择study的近义词，
通观所有的选项， 故选explore。
研究者搜集了150年的海洋温度数据， 目的是要清晰地比对现在与过去的变化
趋势， 故不难推测出要做图来进行比对， 因此该空的答案为picture。
31空后面有naval ships这样的字眼， 故能联想到该空应该与ships有关，因
此该空的答案为voyage。
能与介词with搭配的形容词，通观所有的选项，只有combined，combined with
意为结合， 该短语在句中做插入语。
Fossil fuel为矿物燃料，燃烧矿物燃料排放出的废气会导致温室效应， 故该
空应该选择emissions。
More than 700 meters是一个长度，再看前文，亦有提示----its depths, 故
该空的答案为depth，at a depth of…意为在……的深度。
35空应填入一个形容词， 再结合后面的宾语从句的引导词whether， 故将答案锁
定为unsure， 要注意sure和unsure的宾语从句的引导词是不同的， sure的宾语
从句引导词为that， unsure的宾语从句的引导词为whether， 类似的词语还有
doubt，考生要注意区分。
Part Ⅲ Reading Section B(卷二)
The Secret to Raising Smart Kids
author's experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set
believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.
【答案】[F] As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that
learning was more important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they
held hard work in high regard, They understood that even geniuses have to
work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade,
students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different
strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned
about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views
of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability. They
thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard
to do well. Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with
a fixed mind-set said that would study less in the future, try never to take
that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.
ng on effort is effective in helping children overcome
frustration and achieve success.
【答案】[C] In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of
ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort
is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless
behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned
to keep trying when the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children
who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve
their ability to solve harm math problems. These experiments indicated that
a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.
can cultivate a growth mind- set in children by telling success
stories that emphasize hard work love of learning.
【答案】[I] How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One
way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For
instance, talking about mathematical geniuses
Who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set,
but mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills
produce a growth mind-set.
ts’ belief about the cause of their failure explains their
attitude toward setbacks.
【答案】[F]As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that
learning was more important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they
held hard work in high regard, They understood that even geniuses have to
work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade,
students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different
strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned
about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views
of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability. They
thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard
to do well. Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with
a fixed mind-set said that would study less in the future, try never to take
that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.
the author’s experiment, student with a growth mind-set showed
greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems.
【答案】[G] Such different outlook had a dramatic impact on performance.
At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students
with a growth mind-set were comparable to the those of students who displayed
a fixed mind- set. But as the work became more difficult, the students with
a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades
overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester-and
the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we
followed them.
author conducted an experiment to find out about the influence
of students’ mind-sets on math learning.
【答案】[E] We validated these expectations in a study in which two other
psychologists and I monitored 373 student for two years during the transition
to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more
strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades. At
the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking
them to agree or disagree with statements such as
something very basic about you that you can't really then assessed
their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see what happened
to their grades.
failing again and again, most animals give up hope.
【答案】[A] I first began to investigate the basis of human motivation-and
how people persevere after setbacks-as a psychology graduate student at Yale
University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by psychologists at the
University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most
animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After
such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect
change-a state they called learned helplessness.
ing students about the brain as a learning machine is a good
strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.
【答案】[J] In addition, parents and teachers can help children by
providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine, I
designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were
declining in their first year of junior high. Forty-eight of the students
received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a
combination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about
the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. In the growth mind-set
classes, students read and discussed an article entitled “You Can Grow Your
Brain.” They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger
with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections. From
such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their
own brain development. Despite being unaware that there were two types of
instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of
the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of
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