treasurer19年12月英语四级真题

2021年1月8日发(作者：柳冕)
2019年12月四级真题（第2套）
Part I Writing
(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign
friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should
write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.
__________________________ ___________________________________________
___ __________________________________________________ ________________
______________________________ _______________________________________
_______ __________________________________________________ ___________
PartⅡ
Part III Reading Comprehension
(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for
each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use
any of the words in the bank more than once
．

Finally，some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick
passenger，you are unlikely to get is the 26 of a new study that looked at
how respiratory，呼吸道，viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only
people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu，for example—or
one row in front of or behind that individual—had a high risk of catching the illness.
All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick, according to the
findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented 29 information about the
risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findings should
help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while
traveling by air.
Prior to the new study，little was known about the risks of getting 31 infected
by common respiratory viruses，such as the flu or common cold，on an airplane，the
researchers said. So，to 32 the risks of infection，the study team flew on 10
different 33 in the U.S. during the flu researchers found that passengers
sitting within two seats on 34 side of a person infected with the flu，as well as those
sitting one row in front of or behind this individual，had about an 80 percent chance of
getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than
3 percent chance of catching the flu.
A) accurate I) nearby
B) conclusion J) respond
C) directly K) slim
D) either L) spread
E) evaluate M) summit
F) explorations N) vividly
G) flights O) vulnerable
H) largely
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?
[A] Along with old classics like “carrots give you night vision” and “Santa doesn’t
bring toys to misbehaving children”, one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents
everywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Many of us grow up
believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake，even if only two thirds of adults
in the UK eat breakfast regularly，according to the British Dietetic Association，and
around three-quarters of Americans.
[B] “The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night,”
explains diet specialist Sarah Elder. “Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our
energy，as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the night.” But
there’s widespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in the
hierarchy，等级，of meals. There have been concerns around the sugar content of
cereal and the food industry’s involvement in pro- breakfast research—and even one
claim from an academic that breakfast is “dangerous”.
[C] What’s the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic
by cereal companies? The most researched aspect of breakfast (and breakfast-skipping)
has been its links to obesity. Scientists have different theories as to why there’s a
relationship between the two. In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000
people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest
meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those
who ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce
daily calorie intake and improve the quality of our diet—since breakfast foods are often
higher in fibre and nutrients.
[D] But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause—or if
breakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin with. To find out,
researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-weck weight
loss programme. All had the same number of calories over the day, but half had
breakfast, while the other half did not. What they found was that it wasn’t breakfast
itself that caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal routine.
[E] If breakfast alone isn’t a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between
obesity and breakfast- skipping，Alexandra Johnstone，professor of appetite research
at the University of Aberdeen，argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers
have been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and health. “There are a lot
of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health
outcomes，but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have
health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking,” she says.
[F]A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and
weight management concluded there is “limited evidence” supporting or
refuting，反驳，the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and
more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help
prevent obesity.
[G]Researchers from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are
halfway through research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat
influences body weight. Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to
weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight. Skipping
breakfast has been associated with a 27%increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher
risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20%higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. One
reason may be breakfast’s nutritional value—partly because cereal is
fortified，增加营养价值，with vitamins. In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600
young people in the UK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was
better in those who had breakfast regularly. There have been similar findings in
Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.
[H]Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including
concentration and language use. A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can
improve memory, though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive.
However, one of the review’s researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is
“reasonable” evidence breakfast does improve concentration—there just needs to be
more research. “Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies
showing a benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit,” she says.
“And no studies found that eating breakfast was bad for concentration.”
[I] What’s most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High- protein
breakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and
consumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favourite
among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugar
content of ‘adult’ breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than
three- quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and
sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.
[J] But some research suggests if we’re going to eat sugary foods, it’s best to do it
early. One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where
half added dessert to their breakfast, and half didn’t. Those who added dessert lost an
average of 40 pounds more—however, the study was unable to show the long-term
effects. A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type of
breakfast is healthier, and conclude that the type of breakfast doesn’t matter as much as
simply eating something.
[K] While there’s no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating and
when, the consensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we’re
hungry. “Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up,”
Johnstone says. “Each body starts the day differently—and those individual differences
need to be researched more closely,” Spitznagel says. “A balanced breakfast is really
helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood
sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels,” says Elder.
“Breakfast isn’t the only meal we should be getting right.”
36. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of
nutrition and health.
37. Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at
breakfast.
38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain
diseases in some countries.
40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself
that induced weight loss.